1,720,964 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Deciphering the molecular mechanisms associated with central nervous system viral infections : from neuroinvasion to neuronal disorders
No full textDepuis le début de la pandémie mondiale de COVID-19, des symptômes neurologiques ont été signalés lors de l’infection par le SARS-CoV-2, allant de la perte de mémoire et des troubles cognitifs aux troubles psychiatriques et aux accidents vasculaires cérébraux ischémiques. Le cerveau a également été considéré comme un réservoir potentiel pour la persistance du virus et pourrait jouer un rôle crucial dans le développement des COVID longs. Des particules virales ont été détectées dans le liquide cérébrospinal de patients décédés de la COVID-19 et des études récentes ont pu détecter la présence (rare) de cellules infectées dans le cortex cérébral. Ainsi, il semble clair que le virus accède au système nerveux central et s’y réplique à bas bruit, mais les mécanismes moléculaires sous-jacents à sa réplication neurale restent encore mal compris. Ici, en combinant l’utilisation de modèles in vitro et ex vivo innovants comprenant des organoïdes corticaux dérivés de cellules souches et la culture organotypique de tranches de cerveau humain post-mortem, ainsi que des échantillons de personnes décédées de la COVID-19, nous avons montré que le SARS-CoV-2 se réplique peu et de manière hétérogène dans le cortex cérébral en absence de production de nouvelles particules virales. De plus, par microscopie confocale, nous avons observé que les particules virales s'accumulent à l'interface transsynaptique, entraînant une augmentation du nombre et de la taille des synapses. Grâce à des approches de protéomique différentielle sur organoïdes individuels et de mesure de l’activité électrique analysée par intelligence artificielle, nous avons identifié que SARS-CoV-2 perturbe le signal électrique dépendant de l’augmentation de l’expression d’une protéine post-synaptique viro-induite : la Latrophilin-3 (LPHN3). Cibler LPHN3 par l’utilisation d’un peptide agoniste a permis de partiellement rétablir une activité électrique semblable aux organoïdes non infectés. Ces résultats ont contribué à mieux caractériser l’impact de SARS-COV-2 sur le cerveau et d’identifier les mécanismes moléculaires perturbés par le virus, potentiellement responsable de symptômes associés au neuroCOVID. Enfin, ces travaux permettent d’envisager de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques visant à traiter les symptômes neurologiques liés à l’infection par SARS-CoV-2.Since the beginning of the COVID19 worldwide pandemic, neurological symptoms were reported upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, going from loss of memory and cognitive impairment to psychiatric disorder and ischemic strokes. The brain has also been considered as a potential reservoir for the virus persistence and could have a crucial role in the development of long COVIDs. Viral particles have been detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of patient dead from COVID-19 and recent studies has shown infection of cells in cerebral cortex area at a low level. It seems clear that the virus has access to the central nervous system, but the molecular mechanism underlying the viral replication into neuron remain poorly understood. Here, combining innovative in vitro and ex vivo models including cortical organoids derived from human stem cells and organotypic culture of post-mortem human brain slices and samples from COVID-19 patients, we showed that SARS-CoV-2 replicates at low levels and heterogeneously in the cerebral cortex without producing new viral particles. Furthermore, by confocal microscopy analysis, we observed that the viral particles accumulate at the trans-synaptic interface leading to an increase of the number and the size of the synapses. Thanks to differential proteomic approach on single cortical organoids and electrical activity recording analyzed by machine learning, we identified SARS-CoV-2 impact on the electrical signal which was dependent on the increased expression of a virus-induced post-synaptic protein: the Latrophilin-3 (LPHN3). Targeting LPHN3 using an agonist peptide allowed to partially revert the electrical activity similar to a non-infected one. These results have contributed to provide a better characterization of SARS-CoV-2 impact on the brain and identified molecular mechanisms altered by the virus, potentially responsible of neuroCOVID symptoms. Finally, this work opens up the possibility of new therapeutic strategies to treat the neurological symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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