1,720,988 research outputs found
Product diversification, relative specialisation and economic development: import-export analysis
No full textThis paper contributes to trade diversification literature by comparing changes in relative (i.e. assessed in comparison with world patterns) heterogeneity of import and export structures in the process of economic development. In particular, by focusing on the diversification of imports, we add a missing piece to already analysed export trends. We use highly disaggregated trade statistics (4963 product lines) for 163 countries (1988–2010) and find that, despite differences in levels (imports being typically more diversified than exports, particularly at lower stages of economic development), they follow a similar path of evolution in the development process. Progressing relative diversification (despecialisation) of both import and export structures accompanies economic growth, while re-specialisation is plausible only in case of few specific countries (very rich, small ones, abundant in oil/petrol). We also show that even though while diversifying countries increase the degree of import–export similarity in terms of product categories, imported and exported goods differ in terms of within-product characteristics
Relative Product Diversification in the Course of Economic Development: Import-Export Analysis
No full textThis paper contributes to trade diversification literature by comparing changes in relative (i.e. assessed in comparison with world patterns) heterogeneity of import and export structures in the process of economic development. In particular, by focusing on the diversification of imports, we add a missing piece to already analysed export trend
What Determines Export Diversification in the Development Process? Empirical Assessment
No full textThis paper assesses the role played by country-specific factors as determinants of relative export diversification. Using a panel data set, we confirm that cross-country variability in the degree of export diversification is significant. Apart from income, the size of markets, domestic and foreign, are the most relevant and robust determinants of the export diversification process.
Export diversification and economic development: a dynamic spatial data analysis
No full textThis paper contributes to the empirical literature on the relationship between “export variety” (export diversification) and economic development by relaxing the assumption of cross-country independence and allowing for spatial diffusion of shocks in observed and unobserved factors. Export variety is measured for a balanced panel of 114 countries (1992–2012) using very detailed information on their exports (HS 6-digit product level). The estimation results of a dynamic spatial panel data model confirm the relevance of spatial network effects in export diversification: indirect effects (spatial spillovers) strongly reinforce direct effects, while spatial proximity to large countries accelerates the diversification process. In about 10 years the whole space–time diffusion of the diversification shock is widely completed. We reveal that the long-run spillover impact from European countries is much higher than from other countries such as the United States, Japan, or the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The role of trade in intra-industry productivity growth - The case of old and new European Union countries (1995-2007)
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the role of trade in productivity growth in a sample of 30 sectors in 25 EU countries in the period of rapid East-West integration. Shift-share analysis is used to show that changes in value added per hour worked in these countries appear to be mainly due to positive developments (rising productivity) within single industries and only to a lower extent result from a shift towards higher productivity activities. Trade is found to be an important positive determinant of intra-industry productivity growth in European countries. Exports and imports alike can be associated with efficiency gains, but intermediate good exchange and trade with New Member States exert a particularly strong influence on intra-industry productivity growth in the EU
Trade diversity and stages of development - Evidence on EU countries
No full textThe paper presents the dynamics of trade diversity with respect to stages of development in the European context. The analysis focuses on EU27 countries observed across the years 1988-2010 and compared to a sample of 136 international economies at all levels of income per capita. We use product level statistics (six digit HS0) and confront export and import patterns of absolute diversification/concentration. The results show that in line with 'stages of diversification' approach (Imbs and Wacziarg, 2003), EU27 countries are characterized by high degree of trade diversity (on average, EU27 countries export 78% and import 90% of goods effectively exported and imported at the world level) and within the analyzed period most of them registered a reconcentration of trade structures. Obtained estimation results confirm positive relationship between trade diversity and economic development levels (conditional mainly upon the size of the country) with a possibility of reconcentration at higher stages of development (observable in nonparametric estimates)
The evolving structure of Polish exports (1994-2010) – Diversification of products and trade partners
No full textThis paper presents empirical evidence on the diversification process concerning Polish exports (1994-2010), compared to European and global samples of countries. It analyzes both the commodity structure of Polish trade and the geographical diversification of Poland's trading partners. The analysis draws on highly disaggregated data on exports (HS 6digit) and combines descriptive analysis with non-parametric, semi-parametric and parametric estimation models. The results suggest that Poland (exporting 84% of all goods present in the sample) can be placed among countries with well-diversified export products. In terms of geographical diversification, Poland exploits approximately one-fifth of its theoretical overall market reach potential (the best score among new member states) and the diversification of its partner countries increased in the period analyzed. The Polish export portfolio, in terms of the variety of both its products and receiving markets, is more diversified than what is typical for countries at approximately the same stage of economic development
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