1,720,965 research outputs found
Biophilic and photobiological developments of adaptive high-performance building envelopes for Northern Canada
No full textLes configurations des enveloppes et des fenêtres des bâtiments nordiques doivent répondre aux exigences du bien-être photobiologique et psychologique des occupants par des relations positives efficaces avec la nature subarctique. Les enveloppes de bâtiments existant dans les climats (sub)arctiques du nord du Canada n'ont pas encore permis d'établir des connexions efficaces entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur afin d'aborder les relations positives entre les humains et la nature et le bien-être photobiologique et psychologique. Des connexions intérieures-extérieures efficaces indiquent une connectivité optimale de l'intérieur avec la nature subarctique extérieure répondant au bien-être des occupants et aux besoins énergétiques. Les relations positives des occupants avec la nature subarctique correspondent à des avantages maximums et des risques minimums des climats nordiques extrêmes pour le bien-être photobiologique-psychologique. L'objectif général de cette thèse est de favoriser les relations positives des occupants avec la nature subarctique au moyen de connexions efficaces entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur qui pourraient répondre aux facteurs de bien-être biophiliques et photobiologiques liés à la lumière du jour et aux photopériodes. Dans ce but, un modèle fondamental d'enveloppe de bâtiment adaptative à haute performance est développé comme une solution architecturale qui pourrait optimiser les connexions intérieur-extérieur et les principaux indicateurs biophiliques et photobiologiques. La thèse visait spécifiquement à articuler une approche photobiologique du design biophilique dans les climats nordiques extrêmes qui permet d'établir un cadre conceptuel et de design pour développer des enveloppes de bâtiments. La thèse visait également à identifier les lacunes des enveloppes de bâtiment existantes dans le Grand Nord du Canada ainsi que des systèmes d'enveloppes adaptatives existants en termes d'indicateurs biophysiques-photobiologiques. Les principaux éléments architecturaux des enveloppes adaptatives, notamment la configuration des fenêtres et les caractéristiques de surface des systèmes d'ombrage, en particulier la couleur et la réflectance, sont étudiés pour répondre aux besoins biophiles-photobiologiques des occupants du Nord. Les méthodologies de la thèse comprennent une revue de la littérature pour discuter des directives récentes de design biophilique, de l'éclairage photobiologique et des études de connectivité avec la nature par rapport aux climats subarctiques, en particulier la lumière du jour et les photopériodes. Des méthodes numériques et expérimentales ont été intégrées pour évaluer les performances biophiliques, d'éclairage photobiologique, thermiques et énergétiques des systèmes d'enveloppe pour une étude de cas d'un bureau open-plan dans le nord du Canada. Des méthodes expérimentales avec des modèles à l'échelle physique, des images à haute gamme dynamique et des techniques de post-traitement ont été utilisées pour capturer, calculer et visualiser les paramètres d'éclairage photobiologique. L'impact des caractéristiques des panneaux d'ombrage (SP) sur les performances d'éclairage photobiologique a été étudié par l'expérimentation d'environ 40 prototypes à l'échelle 1:50 et 23 prototypes à l'échelle 1:10 sous un ciel dégagé/couvert avec un éclairage naturel réel/artificiel. Des modèles numériques ont été développés pour évaluer les caractéristiques biophiques et thermiques/énergétiques des systèmes d'enveloppe. Les résultats de la thèse comprennent un cadre théorico-conceptuel du design photobiologique - biophilique qui identifie les relations positives des occupants avec la nature subarctique à travers les enveloppes. Des scénarios d'adaptation de l'éclairage photobiologique intégrés aux exigences thermiques ont été élaborés, qui permettent de répondre aux besoins photobiologiques horaires/saisonniers des occupants du Nord dans des bâtiments différents. Les lacunes des enveloppes à une peau typique du Nord du Canada et des enveloppes à plusieurs peaux avec des profondeurs d'espaces intermédiaires/cavités et des tailles de fenêtre différentes ont été spécifiquement évaluées en termes des indicateurs biophiliques, photobiologiques et thermiques. Un modèle fondamental d'enveloppes adaptatives à haute performance est proposé pour les bâtiments du Nord, qui comprend une taille de fenêtre optimale, un système d'ombrage dynamique coloré et isolé, et un système de buffer thermique constitué d'une peau extérieure en verre. Les performances d'éclairage photobiologique des configurations des SP, incluant la couleur, la réflectance, l'orientation, l'inclinaison, la densité, la taille, l'ouverture et la position à la fenêtre, ont été caractérisées. Les résultats des élévations expérimentales/numériques montrent que l'enveloppe adaptative proposée pourrait offrir des connexions intérieures-extérieures efficaces qui répondent aux besoins photobiologiques-psychologiques et aux exigences énergétiques des occupants du Nord. Les résultats de la thèse pourraient informer les architectes et les responsables politiques sur les possibilités que les enveloppes adaptatives et les cadres photobiologiques-biophiles offrent pour améliorer le bienêtre du public et l'efficacité énergétique dans les climats nordiques. Les principaux enjeux des futurs développements des bâtiments biophiliques adaptatifs dans les climats nordiques ont également été soulignés, notamment en matière d'analyses du cycle de vie et d'études socioculturelles.Sub-Arctic building envelope configurations must address occupants' photobiological-psychological wellbeing through positive relationships with the outdoor sub-Arctic nature. Existing building envelopes in Northern Canada's (sub-)Arctic climates have not, yet, enabled efficient indoor-outdoor connections to address positive human-nature relationships and photobiological-psychological wellbeing. Efficient indoor-outdoor connections indicate optimum connectivity of indoors with Northern climates in terms of occupants' wellbeing and energy factors. Positive occupants' relationships with the sub-Arctic nature refer to maximum benefits and minimum risks of the extreme cold weather and strong photoperiod of Northern climates for photo-biological and psychological wellbeing. The general objective of this dissertation is to foster positive occupants' relationships with sub-Arctic nature by enabling efficient indoor-outdoor connections which could respond to biophilic and photobiological wellbeing factors related to daylighting and photoperiods. To this end, a fundamental model of adaptive high-performance building envelopes is developed as an architectural solution which could optimize indoor-outdoor connections and main biophilic and photobiological indicators. The dissertation specifically aimed at articulating a photobiological approach to biophilic design in extreme Northern climates which enables establishing a conceptual and design framework to develop building envelopes. The thesis also focused on identifying the shortcomings of existing Canadian Northern building envelopes as well as existing adaptive envelope systems in terms of biophilicphotobiological indicators. Main architectural elements of adaptive envelopes including window configuration and surface characteristics of shading systems, in particular color and reflectance, are explored to respond to Northern occupants' biophilic-photobiological needs. The thesis methodologies include a scoping literature review to critically discuss recent biophilic design guidelines, photobiological lighting, and nature connectedness/relatedness studies in relation to sub-Arctic climates, especially daylighting and photoperiods. Numerical and experimental methods were integrated to evaluate biophilic, photobiological lighting, thermal and energy performance of envelope systems for a case study of an open-plan office in Northern Canada. Experimental methods with physical scale models, high dynamic range imagery and post-processing techniques were employed to capture, compute, and visualize photobiological lighting parameters. Impacts of shading panels' (SPs) characteristics on photobiological lighting performance were explored by experimenting approximately 40 1:50-scale prototypes and 23 1:10-scale prototypes under clear/overcast skies with actual/artificial daylighting. Numerical models were developed to evaluate biophilic and thermal/energy performance of envelope systems. Dissertation outcomes include a theoretical-conceptual framework of photobiological-biophilic design which characterizes positive occupants' relationships with the sub-Arctic nature through envelopes. Photobiological lighting adaptation scenarios integrated with thermal requirements were developed which could address hourly/seasonal photobiological needs of Northern occupants in different buildings. Deficiencies of typical single-skin envelopes in Northern Canada and multi-skin envelopes with different depths of intermediate spaces/cavities and window sizes were specifically evaluated in terms of biophilic, photobiological lighting and thermal indicators. A fundamental model of adaptive high-performance envelopes is proposed for Northern buildings which includes an optimum window size, a dynamic-colored-insulated shading system, and a thermal buffer system made of a glazing exterior skin. Photobiological lighting performance of SPs' configurations, including color, reflectance, orientation, inclination, density, size, openness, and position at the window, were characterized. Results of experimental-numerical elevations reveal that the proposed adaptive envelope could offer efficient indoor-outdoor connections which respond to Northern occupants' photobiological-psychological needs and energy requirements. Dissertation outcomes could enlighten architects and policymakers about potentials of adaptive envelopes and integrative photobiological-biophilic frameworks to improve public wellbeing and energy efficiency in Northern climates. Major issues for future developments of adaptive biophilic buildings in Northern climates were also outlined including life cycle assessments and sociocultural studies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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