1,720,954 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Étude des lignines Organosolv de l'épinette noire comme précurseurs de fibres de carbone biosourcées
No full textTitre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 7 août 2023)Le bois est un matériau d'origine naturelle, renouvelable et largement utilisé dans l'industrie de la construction et de la fabrication de meubles. Toutefois, seulement une fraction des troncs d'arbres est utilisée pour le bois d'œuvre ce qui entraîne un gaspillage important de cette ressource. Ainsi, ce projet vise à revaloriser les sous-produits de l'industrie du bois en utilisant cette ressource pour synthétiser des fibres de carbone (FC). La FC est connue comme étant une des fibres les plus résistantes au monde tout en étant extrêmement légère. Ainsi, cette fibre est très utilisée dans le renfort des matériaux. Cependant, la FC est actuellement synthétisée à partir d'une molécule issue du pétrole, ce qui pose non seulement un problème écologique, mais aussi économique car ceci la rend onéreuse. L'objectif général de cette thèse est donc d'utiliser la lignine isolée par le procédé Organosolv catalysé au chlorure de fer III (FeCl₃) du bois d'épinette noire afin de la transformer en fibre de carbone. Pour cela, trois axes de recherche ont été définis afin d'isoler, de filer et de carboniser la lignine Organosolv de l'épinette noire. Dans un premier temps, la méthode d'isolement par le procédé Organosolv catalytisé au FeCl₃ a été sélectionnée et optimisée pour isoler la lignine du bois de l'épinette noire (Picea mariana). Ce procédé a permis d'isoler une lignine pure, peu dégradée et sans soufre. Actuellement, les procédés Organosolv sont principalement utilisés pour isoler la lignine à partir du bois de feuillus. Afin d'augmenter la ressource disponible, nous avons adapté ce procédé à base d'éthanol et d'eau à une essence de résineux (l'épinette noire) et avons obtenu une lignine de très haute pureté (supérieure à 97 %) et peu dégradée avec un rendement supérieur à 70 %. Après une caractérisation complète, la lignine a été transformée en fibre via l'électrofilage à partir d'une solution en DMF concentrée à 57 %m en lignine qui permet d'obtenir des fibres avec un diamètre nanométrique. Les nombreux paramètres étant difficile à maîtriser, l'optimisation de ce procédé fut l'objet du second axe de recherche. Les résultats ont montré non seulement la faisabilité de l'électrofilage de lignine Organosolv de résineux sans ajout de polymère, mais également que l'ajout de 2 %m FeCl₃ dans la solution de lignine-DMF permettait de diminuer le diamètre minimum des fibres de 400 à 200 nm, ainsi que d'augmenter le rendement de la production par l'augmentation du débit de 0,4 à 0,7 mL/h. Enfin, le troisième axe a porté sur la stabilisation des fibres avec et sans FeCl₃. Il a été démontré que l'ajout de 2 %m de FeCl₃ permettait d'améliorer les propriétés thermiques des fibres de lignine lors de la stabilisation. Les fibres stabilisées ont ensuite été carbonisées pour l'obtention de fibres de carbone (FC). La synthèse de fibres de carbone à partir de lignine Organosolv pure de résineux n'avait jamais été réalisée dans la littérature jusqu'à présent. D'après les résultats, la carbonisation à une vitesse de chauffe de 10 °C/min permet d'éviter la pyrolyse des fibres, tandis que l'ajout de FeCl₃ génère une porosité aux fibres. Cette observation est intéressante car cela signifie que le FeCl₃ permet d'augmenter drastiquement la surface d'échange des fibres. La pureté et la faible dégradation de la lignine obtenue, le faible diamètre des fibres ainsi que l'ajout du FeCl₃ pour les traitements thermiques ont été les trois conditions mises en avant pour l'obtention de la FC à partir de la lignine Organosolv du bois d'épinette noire, avec des propriétés améliorées par rapport à celles rapportées jusqu'à maintenant dans la littérature avec d'autres conditions. Les résultats de cette thèse ont permis de mettre en évidence la versatilité du procédé Organosolv catalysé au FeCl₃ en permettant d'isoler une lignine de haute pureté et à un rendement élevé à partir de copeaux issus d'un bois résineux. Les résultats obtenus dans cette recherche ont aussi montré la faisabilité de l'électrofilage de la lignine de résineux sans ajout de polymère, ce qui n'avait jamais été rapporté jusqu'à présent. Enfin, ce projet ouvre la voie à de nouvelles recherches concernant l'usage de FeCl₃ pour l'électrofilage de la lignine, ainsi que pour la stabilisation et la carbonisation des fibres de lignine dans le processus de fabrication des fibres de carbone.Wood is a natural and renewable material. It is used extensively for construction and furniture for example. However, only a fraction of the tree trunks is used for lumber, and this represents a waste of this resource. Thus, this project aims to valorise the by-products of the wood industry, using this resource to synthesize carbon fiber (CF). CF is known as one of the strongest and lightest fibers in the world. Thus, CF is widely used in the reinforcement of materials. However, CF is currently synthesized from a petroleum derived molecule which poses not only an ecological problem, but also an economical one because it is very expensive. The general objective of this thesis is to use the lignin extracted by the Organosolv process catalyzed by iron III chloride (FeCl₃) from black spruce to transform it into carbon fiber. To this end, three research axes have been defined to isolate, spin and carbonize the Organosolv lignin from black spruce. First, an extraction method (Organosolv process) was selected and optimized to isolate the lignin from the wood of black spruce (Picea mariana). This process allows to isolate pure lignin with low degradation without sulfur. Currently, this process is mainly used to isolate lignin from hardwoods. In order to increase the available resource, we have adapted this ethanol and water-based process to a softwood species (black spruce) and obtained a very high purity lignin (higher than 97 %) and low degradation with a yield higher than 70 %. After a complete characterization, the lignin was transformed into fiber via electrospinning which allows to obtain fibers with a nanometric diameter. The numerous parameters being difficult to control, the optimization of this process was the object of the second research axis. The results showed not only the feasibility of electrospinning softwood lignin without polymer addition, but also that the addition of 2 wt. % FeCl₃ in the lignin-DMF solution allowed to decrease the minimum fibers diameter from 400 to 200 nm, as well as to increase the production yield by increasing the flow rate from 0.4 to 0.7 mL/h. Finally, the third axis focused on the stabilization of the fibers with and without FeCl₃ and showed that FeCl₃ improved the thermal properties of lignin fibers during stabilization. The stabilized fibers were then carbonized to obtain carbon fibers. The synthesis of carbon fibers from pure Organosolv lignin of softwoods had never been reported previously in the literature until now. According to the results, carbonization at the rate of 10 °C/min avoids pyrolysis of the fibers, while the addition of FeCl₃ creates porosity in the fibers. This observation is interesting because it means that FeCl₃ drastically increases the exchange surface of the fibers. The purity and low degradation of the obtained lignin, the small diameter of the fibers, as well as the addition of FeCl₃ for the thermal treatments were the three conditions put forward to obtain biosourced CF with properties higher than those obtained until now in the literature with different conditions. The results of this thesis highlighted the versatility of the FeCl₃-catalyzed Organosolv process in isolating high purity lignin and high yield from softwood chips. The results also showed the feasibility of electrospinning the organosolv softwood lignin without polymer addition, which had never been reported before. Finally, this project opens the way for further research on the use of FeCl₃ for lignin electrospinning as well as for the stabilization and carbonization of lignin fibers in the carbon fiber manufacturing process
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
