1,721,102 research outputs found
PROPHYLACTIC V/S EARLY TREATMENT OF NEONATAL RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME WITH EXOGENOUS SURFACTANT
No full text
Stimulation of the dorsal premotor cortex, but not of the supplementary motor area proper, impairs the stop function in a STOP signal task
No full textBeing able to inhibit an impending movement in response to a contextual change is a distinctive feature of action control. Such inhibitory control relies on a complex cortical-subcortical network, including posterior prefrontal regions such as caudal inferior frontal gyrus and pre-supplementary motor area. According to hierarchical models of action control, both areas represent the intermediate level between prefronto-dependent and motor-related cortices. Going at a lower level, accumulating evidence speaks for an involvement of the primary motor cortex (M1) to dorsal premotor cortex (PMCd) or supplementary motor area proper (SMA-proper) pathways in producing inhibitory control. However, the clear-cut evidence for this conjecture is still missing. The aim of the present paper was to start filling this gap, investigating this lowest level of inhibitory control. We stimulated PMCd in a group of healthy volunteers with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) or sham TMS during the response phase of a STOP-signal task performed with the lips. In a separate experimental group, we applied effective TMS/sham TMS to SMA-proper during the same task. We found that effective TMS over PMCd increased false-start errors in STOP trials (p=0.0005), but had no effect on GO trial performance (p=0.85). Effective TMS on SMA-proper produced no effect on STOP trials performance (p=0.31) nor in the GO trial performance (p=0.56). Our data show that there is at least a portion of PMCd playing a distinctive role in the control of mouth-related M1 during instructed visuomotor inhibitory behavior. This region could therefore represent a low-level hierarchical node for externally-cued action inhibition
Parental Aggression Displayed by Female Mice in Relation to the Sex, Reproductive Status and Infanticidal Potential of Conspecific Intruders
No full textThe parental aggression of female mice (Mus domesticus Rutty) towards strange conspecifics known to vary in their tendency to commit infanticide was examined. Twenty-four hours after stud males removal, resident lactating females (with pups aged 3-5 days) were confronted with the following types of intruders: the reintroduced stud, i.e. the father of the pups, a strange father, sexually naive and recently sexually experienced (24 hr prior testing) males, virgin females. Parental attack was mainly elicited by sexually naive and recently sexually experienced males which were also most likely to kill and cannibalize pups. The stud males did not show infanticide and were never attacked. Remarkably, strange fathers were rarely attacked by lactating females and they rarely killed unrelated pups. The data seem to support the view that lactating female mice might be capable of assessing the infanticidal potential of conspecific intruders and of adopting the most appropriate behavioural strategy. Although parental attack was not very successful in thwarting infanticide, the data are discussed in terms of a possible counterstrategy to defend parental investment, and the situational cues females use to distinguish between males with or without parental experience. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Prophylaxis of respiratory distress syndrome by treatment with modified porcinesurfactant at birth: a multicentre prospective randomized trial.
No full textPulmonary mechanics in the first 2 years of life of premature babies with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
No full textBIOL NEONAT
AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF SURFACTANT TREATMENT IN INFANTS OF 23-30 WEEKS' GESTATION: COMPARISON OF PROPHYLAXIS AND EARLY RESCUE
No full textMODIFIED PORCINR SURFACTANT IMPROVES PULMONARY RESISTANCE IN INFANTS 23-26 WEEK' GESTATION AT TERM POST-CONCEPTIONAL AGE
No full textBack to Stir It Up: Erectile Dysfunction in an Evolutionary, Developmental, and Clinical Perspective
No full textIn this review, we analyze erectile dysfunction (ED) in the context of sexual selection. We highlight that ED is a specific human male characteristic linked to the loss of the baculum or penile bone and results from a range of physical and psychological factors. We discuss evolutionary interpretations that consider dysfunctional penile erection as an honest signal of a low-quality male. We further emphasize the importance of considering psychosocial context and early attachment dynamics for understanding the etiology of some types of ED. Finally, we suggest that the integration of developmental factors for understanding the emergence of this sexual disorder is instrumental for the calibration of more effective therapies
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