169,839 research outputs found
Clustering and Polarization in the Distribution of Output: A Multivariate Perspective.
No full text► Deploy multivariate clustering algorithms. ► Document clustering between output and TFP. ► Few transitions over time amongst clusters. ► Mainly Latin American countries moving.
Modeling the cross-country distribution of per capita income using mixture analysis provides a natural platform for the detection of clubs of countries. Unfortunately, these mixture methods, when based on a strictly univariate approach are limiting towards one’s ability to learn about the underlying process of the emergence of what constitutes a club. This paper takes a fresh look at the constitution of the emerging clubs in the distribution of cross-country output using bivariate and multivariate mixture analysis. Our results suggest that clubs are also forming in the main Solowian determinants of economic growth
GDP clustering: a reappraisal
No full textThis note explores clustering in cross country GDP per capita using recently developed model based clustering methods for panel data. Previous research characterizing the components of the overall distribution of output either use ad hoc methods, or methods which ignore/subvert the panel nature of the data. These new methods allow the characterization of the possible autoregressive relationship of output between time points. We show that traditional static clustering decade by decade gives mixed results regarding clustering over time, while the application of longitudinal mixtures presents three distinct clusters at all periods of time
Decomposing The Conditional Variance of Cross-Country Output
No full textA well established fact in the growth empirics literature is the increasing variation in output per capita across countries. This phenomena however does not adequately describe changes in the distribution of output since it does not account for changes in the covariates which undoubtedly in influence per capita output levels. We propose a robust, nonparametric decomposition of the conditional variation of per capita output and find that OECD countries have experienced diminishing conditional variation while other regions have experienced increasing conditional variation. Our decomposition suggests that most of these changes in the conditional variance of output is due to unobserved factors not accounted for by the traditional growth determinants. In addition to this we show as these factors played very different roles over time and across regions.Generalized Kernel, Nonparametric, Conditional Variation
Football Program, Minnesota vs. Michigan, October 15, 1938
No full textThe Minnesota Homecoming News, Gophers vs. Wolverines, October 15, 1938This football game produced two programs. One published by the University of Minnesota (identified as Program 2 in the PDF file name) and the other by the Homecoming Committee.Lehrke, Robert; Parsons, C. Allan; Parmeter, William. (1938). Football Program, Minnesota vs. Michigan, October 15, 1938. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/261722
Decomposing changes in the conditional variance of GDP over time
No full textA well established fact in the growth empirics literature is the increasing (unconditional) variation in output per capita across countries. We propose a nonparametric decomposition of the conditional variation of output per capita across countries to capture different channels over which the variation might be increasing. We find that OECD countries have experienced diminishing conditional variation while other regions have experienced increasing conditional variation. Our decomposition suggests that most of these changes in the conditional variance of output are due to unobserved factors not accounted for by the traditional growth determinants. In addition to this we show that these factors played very different roles over time and across regions.A well established fact in the growth empirics literature is the increasing (unconditional) variation in output per capita across countries. We propose a nonparametric decomposition of the conditional variation of output per capita across countries to capture different channels over which the variation might be increasing. We find that OECD countries have experienced diminishing conditional variation while other regions have experienced increasing conditional variation. Our decomposition suggests that most of these changes in the conditional variance of output are due to unobserved factors not accounted for by the traditional growth determinants. In addition to this we show that these factors played very different roles over time and across regions
Evolution of the global distribution of carbon dioxide: A finite mixture analysis
No full textEconomists and environmental policymakers have recently begun advocating a bottom-up approach to climate change mitigation, focusing on reduction targets for groups of nations, rather than large scale global policies. We advance this discussion by conducting a rigorous empirical analysis of the global distribution of carbon emissions along several important dimensions: groupings, polarization, mobility, and volatility. In contrast to previous work, our empirical analysis is both comprehensive and data-driven. We discuss how robust empirical evidence may aid policymakers in forging a heterogeneous carbon abatement policy
Larry Graff presenting loving cup to Robert Gamble and Bill Parmeter
No full textLarry Graff, left, director of the Fort Worth Safety Council, presents George C. Clarke Elementary School with a loving cup for its safety record. Receiving the cup are the directors of the school safety program, Robert Gamble, center, and Bill Parmeter, both 11.https://mavmatrix.uta.edu/specialcollections_startelegram1950s/17506/thumbnail.jp
Should all microfinance institutions mobilize microsavings? Evidence from economies of scope
No full textWe extend a recently developed generalized local polynomial estimator
into a semiparametric smooth coefficient framework to estimate a generalized cost
function. The advantage of the generalized local polynomial approach is that we can
simultaneously choose the degree of polynomial for each continuous nonparametric
regressor and the bandwidths via data-driven methods. We provide estimates of scope
economies from the joint production of microloans and microdeposits for a dataset of
Microfinance Institutions from over 50 countries. Our approach allows analysis on all
Microfinance Institutions rather than only those offering just microloans. Moreover,
the smooth coefficient estimator provides a general interface in which to account for
both direct and indirect environmental factors. We find substantial scope economies
in general, of about 10% at the median, as well as evidence that economies of scope
vary across the type of services and country in which the MFIs operate, suggesting
key insights into policy prescriptions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Mitomycin C in highly myopic eyes - Author reply
No full textOphthalmology. 2005 Feb;112(2):208-18; discussion 219.
Mitomycin C modulation of corneal wound healing after photorefractive keratectomy in highly myopic eyes.
Gambato C, Ghirlando A, Moretto E, Busato F, Midena E.
SourceRefractive Surgery Service and Antimetabolite Therapy Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of topical mitomycin C in corneal wound healing (CWH) after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in highly myopic eyes.
DESIGN: Prospective, double-masked, randomized clinical trial.
PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-two eyes of 36 patients affected by high (>7 diopters) myopia.
METHODS: In each patient, one eye was randomly assigned to PRK with intraoperative topical 0.02% mitomycin C application, and the fellow eye was treated with a placebo. Postoperatively, mitomycin C-treated eyes received artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months), whereas the fellow eye was treated with fluorometholone sodium 2% and artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity, manifest refraction, and biomicroscopy. Contrast sensitivity was determined using the Pelli-Robson chart. Corneal confocal microscopy documented CWH.
RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 18 months (range, 12-36). No side effects or toxic effects were documented. At 12-month follow-up examination, UCVAs (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) were 0.4+/-0.48 and 0.5+/-0.53 (P = .03) in mitomycin C-treated eyes and corticosteroid-treated eyes, respectively. At 1 year, corneal haze developed in 20% of corticosteroid-treated eyes, versus 0% of mitomycin C-treated eyes. At 12, 24, and 36 months, corneal confocal microscopy showed activated keratocytes and extracellular matrix significantly more evident in untreated eyes (Ps = 0.004, 0.024, and 0.046, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Topical intraoperative application of 0.02% mitomycin C can reduce haze formation in highly myopic eyes undergoing PRK.
Comment in
Ophthalmology. 2006 Feb;113(2):357; author reply 357-8
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