1,721,220 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Probabilistic Grammar Induction in an Incremental Semantic Framework
No full textWe describe a method for learning an incremental semantic grammar from a corpus in which sentences are paired with logical forms as predicate-argument structure trees. Working in the framework of Dynamic Syntax, and assuming a set of generally available compositional mechanisms, we show how lexical entries can be learned as probabilistic procedures for the incremental projection of semantic structure, providing a grammar suitable for use in an incremental probabilistic parser. By inducing these from a corpus generated using an existing grammar, we demonstrate that this results in both good coverage and compatibility with the original entries, without requiring annotation at the word level. We show that this semantic approach to grammar induction has the novel ability to learn the syntactic and semantic constraints on pronouns
Resolving relative time expressions in Dutch text with Constraint Handling Rules
No full textIt is demonstrated how Constraint Handling Rules can be applied for resolution of indirect and relative time expressions in text as part of a shallow analysis, following a specialized tagging phase. A method is currently under development, optimized for a particular corpus of historical biographies related to the development of the Dutch social movement between 1870 and 1940. It appears that CHR provides a modular language which is well-suited for tailoring a method optimized for the different linguistic constructs and the textual conventions applied in a specific corpus. We explain the principles and illustrate by sample rules. The project is currently in a phase of development and testing, and this paper focuses on the methodological issues, while a detailed evaluation is not relevant at present. Identified problems and possible extensions are discussed.It is demonstrated how Constraint Handling Rules can be applied for resolution of indirect and relative time expressions in text as part of a shallow analysis, following a specialized tagging phase. A method is currently under development, optimized for a particular corpus of historical biographies related to the development of the Dutch social movement between 1870 and 1940. It appears that CHR provides a modular language which is well-suited for tailoring a method optimized for the different linguistic constructs and the textual conventions applied in a specific corpus. We explain the principles and illustrate by sample rules. The project is currently in a phase of development and testing, and this paper focuses on the methodological issues, while a detailed evaluation is not relevant at present. Identified problems and possible extensions are discussed
Current trends
Full text linkDeep parsing is the fundamental process aiming at the representation of the syntactic
structure of phrases and sentences. In the traditional methodology this process is
based on lexicons and grammars representing roughly properties of words and interactions
of words and structures in sentences. Several linguistic frameworks, such as Headdriven
Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG), Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG), Tree Adjoining
Grammar (TAG), Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG), etc., offer different
structures and combining operations for building grammar rules. These already contain
mechanisms for expressing properties of Multiword Expressions (MWE), which, however,
need improvement in how they account for idiosyncrasies of MWEs on the one
hand and their similarities to regular structures on the other hand. This collaborative
book constitutes a survey on various attempts at representing and parsing MWEs in the
context of linguistic theories and applications
Automatic Creation of Arabic Named Entity Annotated Corpus Using Wikipedia
Full text linkIn this paper we propose a new methodology to exploit Wikipedia features and structure to automatically develop an Arabic NE annotated corpus. Each Wikipedia link is transformed into an NE type of the target article in order to produce the NE annotation. Other Wikipedia features - namely redirects, anchor texts, and inter-language links - are used to tag additional NEs, which appear without links in Wikipedia texts. Furthermore, we have developed a filtering algorithm to eliminate ambiguity when tagging candidate NEs. Herein we also introduce a mechanism based on the high coverage of Wikipedia in order to address two challenges particular to tagging NEs in Arabic text: rich morphology and the absence of capitalisation. The corpus created with our new method (WDC) has been used to train an NE tagger which has been tested on different domains. Judging by the results, an NE tagger trained on WDC can compete with those trained on manually annotated corpora
Representation and parsing of multiword expressions
Full text linkThis book consists of contributions related to the definition, representation and parsing of MWEs. These reflect current trends in the representation and processing of MWEs. They cover various categories of MWEs such as verbal, adverbial and nominal MWEs, various linguistic frameworks (e.g. tree-based and unification-based grammars), various languages including English, French, Modern Greek, Hebrew, Norwegian), and various applications (namely MWE detection, parsing, automatic translation) using both symbolic and statistical approaches
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