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Cognitive representational models of social interaction: Proposed linkage between the family and the peer system
No full textConceptualizing cognitive representations of social relationships as potential mediating links between the family and peer systems, the current study sought to demonstrate that parents' and children's models of social relationships in both the family and peer contexts vary as a function of the child's acceptance by their peers. Parents and their children (who were identified as either sociometrically popular or rejected in their classroom) were interviewed to assess potential components of such social-cognitive models when faced with social problems. Components assessed included interpretations of the situation, affective responses, strategies, goals, anticipation of consequences, and the generation of alternative strategies. In addition, several questionnaires were used to assess family members' feelings of efficacy and knowledge of the effectiveness of various strategies, the degree to which they value social relationships, as well as several psychological constructs including depression, loneliness, social dissatisfaction, and marital satisfaction. Results indicated that, on several dimensions, children's cognitive representations of social relationships are similar for both the family and peer contexts, though this depended greatly on the situation in which they were assessed. These representations appear to vary as a function of the child's success in their peer group. Relationships were also found between parents' models and children's models, again as a function of that child's sociometric status. These results provide preliminary evidence for the role of the family in the development of children's social representations across various contexts.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T14:28:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 1991Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding ([email protected]) on 2011-05-07T15:07:05Z
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Patterns of marital conflict and children's emotions
No full textAn investigation of the effects of marital discord on children's emotions is reported. A sample of families ranging widely in marital satisfaction and having a 4- to 5-year-old child participated in several home and laboratory sessions involving marital and parent-child interaction. Synchronized observational and physiological indices were obtained from both spouses during a high-conflict marital discussion and from the child during parent-child interaction. The parent-child interaction consisted of a teaching task which had the potential for a great deal of fun as well as for the elicitation of negative affect. Marital interaction was coded using the Marital Interaction Coding System (MICS-III; Weiss & Summers, 1983). Parent-child interaction was coded using the Specific Affect Coding System (SPAFF; Gottman, 1986)."A path-analytic model was developed linking specific patterns of marital interaction with different emotional reactions by both parents and children during parent-child interaction. Support was found for the hypothesis that withdrawn marital interaction, rather than ""hot"" marital interaction, is associated with children's displays of negative affect. Specifically, wife withdrawal during marital interaction was associated with parents showing negative listening behaviors during parent-child interaction (such as showing disapproval or disengaging from interaction). This parenting pattern predicted displays of anger in the child. It was also reported that children who expressed high levels of anger had low vagal tone, suggestive of an inability to focus attention and inhibit inappropriate behavior."Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T13:09:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
license.txt: 4922 bytes, checksum: 910b249b4beec47e7ab768910c8f966f (MD5)
9114231.pdf: 6991090 bytes, checksum: 7ecad677ae493934e8f8312811746aab (MD5)
Previous issue date: 1990Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding ([email protected]) on 2011-05-07T14:51:01Z
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Toward a reconceptualization of paternal involvement in infancy: The role of maternal gatekeeping
No full textIt is proposed that previous studies of the determinants of paternal involvement in infant care have produced equivocal findings due to the failure to consider maternal attitudes with respect to father involvement in child care. This study of paternal involvement employed a two-pronged strategy: (a) a large sample survey of 330 first-time mothers (married) of 3- to 5-month old infants and a subsample of 110 husbands and (b) observational analyses of a subsample of 55 families engaged in triadic and dyadic interactions in their homes.Results indicated that maternal and paternal attitudinal factors derived a priori via principal component analysis accounted for significant portions of variance in five forms of paternal involvement. Maternal attitude factors remained significant despite prior entry of paternal attitudes, work involvement, birth preparation and attendance, education and marital satisfaction variables. Maternal factors predicted paternal stimulation of infants in observed dyadic and triadic situations.The results suggest a need to (a) conceptualize the father as part of the family system, (b) recognize the role of maternal attitudes in determining father involvement, and (c) utilize a two-tiered methodological strategy in the study of family development.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:10:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 1989Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding ([email protected]) on 2011-05-07T14:37:36Z
Item is restricted indefinitely.Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:15:28-05:00
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Infant social referencing: Impact of marital satisfaction and family of origin relationships
No full textThe purpose of the study was to explore a previously neglected aspect of infant social referencing, namely the familial antecedents of this aspect of parent-infant relationships. Thus, associations among marital functioning, parents' family of origin relationships, and parent-infant interaction were examined. Quality of the marriage was assessed on dimensions of satisfaction and affective involvement between the spouses, while the quality of family of origin relationships was indexed by parental perceptions of their own childhoods and the quality of their parents' marriages. Social referencing was used as an index of the infant's propensity to rely on parental emotional cues during a socially-ambiguous situation. Previous research has demonstrated that social referencing is, indeed, a sensitive index of family emotional relationships. In the current study, triadic interactions were highlighted, and factors hypothesized to be related to marital satisfaction were investigated. Results indicated that social referencing to mothers and fathers was significantly related. Paternal marital satisfaction was found to predict frequency of referencing to families and to mothers; correlates of paternal marital satisfaction including fathers' perceptions of increased negative expressiveness within the family, and quality of fathers' family of origin relationships, predicted referencing to families. A pattern of paternal withdrawal was found in a group of fathers who perceive having good family of origin relationships and who currently experience marital dissatisfaction. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that the discrepancy between perceived quality of family of origin relationships and perceived quality of the current marriage influenced referencing behavior. These results suggest linkages among family subsystems and point to the impact of intergenerational factors on current family functioning.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:09:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
license.txt: 4922 bytes, checksum: 910b249b4beec47e7ab768910c8f966f (MD5)
9026169.pdf: 4535309 bytes, checksum: fafa07ec5d4e7c392259789f457ca716 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 1990Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding ([email protected]) on 2011-05-07T14:37:26Z
Item is restricted indefinitely.Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:15:23-05:00
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The contribution of peers to children's adaptation to becoming a sibling
No full textThe birth of a second child is a critical life transition for firstborn children and their families. Children vary in their adaptation to this transition, and the processes that mediate this are poorly understood. The purpose of this research was to describe the contribution of the peer relationship to children's adaptation to this transition.Thirty 3 to 5 year old children whose families were expecting a second child participated. A naturalistic and longitudinal design provided the framework for gathering observational and self-report data central to the children's functioning in three salient relationship systems: mother-child, sibling and best friend peer. The families were followed from the last trimester of pregnancy, to six months following the baby's birth. Mothers were interviewed at three time points about their child's adaptation. The quality of the developing sibling relationship, along with mother-child interaction, was assessed by videotaping interactions in the home every two months. In addition, firstborn children played with their self-selected best friends in five repeated pre- and post-birth sessions in their homes.The results of this initial study were in agreement with previous research in illustrating the stressful effects of becoming a sibling (Nadelman & Begun, 1982; Dunn & Kendrick, 1982; Stewart et. al., 1987). Furthermore, peer relationship variables were found to be important mediators of adaptation to the transition. The overall quality of the sibling relationship six months after the birth of the sibling, could be reliably predicted by the nature of the child's relationship with an intimate peer at pre-birth intervals. This result was significant even after controlling for the effects of age, sex, social competence, and quality of the mother-child interaction. The qualities of the peer relationship that appeared to best mediate this effect reflected abilities in promoting a positive affective climate with a peer by playing interactively, resolving conflicts, and managing negative affect. Children who were able to promote these qualities in their relationships with friends were also better able to invoke these behaviors in their sibling relationship. Findings are supportive of Hartup's (1983) broad synergistic model and suggest that linkages do exist between family and peer systems of relationships.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T11:55:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 1989Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding ([email protected]) on 2011-05-07T14:34:26Z
Item is restricted indefinitely.Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:13:09-05:00
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The Transition to School
No full textThe purposes of this study were to describe the process of social adjustment to school and to describe the familial characteristics associated with adjustment. Forty-five children beginning kindergarten and their families were subjects in a multi-measure, multi-method study. Family environment and child characteristics were assessed across three time points: pre-school, two weeks post-school entrance, and at the end of the first semester. School social adjustment was measured at the second and third time points. Family environment was assessed through videotapes of parent-child interactions, parents' marital satisfaction, job satisfaction, work-home conflict, and stressful life events. Child characteristics were level of cognitive functioning and stressful child events. School adjustment was assessed through children's reports, parental reports of home behaviors, teachers' ratings, and classroom observations. There was no evidence that beginning school was the onset of problems for most children, nor was there any indication that beginning school was stressful or disruptive. Further analyses revealed that a small minority of children reported increases in loneliness after school began. The home characteristics of high marital satisfaction, low incidence of stressful events, and low work-home conflict were generally positively related to social adjustment. Job satisfaction was positively related to favorable behaviors at home, but negatively related to favorable behaviors at school. A variety of parent-child interaction characteristics were associated with school social adjustment, including parental control, parental responsivity, children's ability to structure play and children's negativity. It was argued that the combination of these characteristics provides a more accurate description of interactions, and that they will have a stronger association with children's peer relationships than a single parent or child measure. Stressful events for children were negatively associated with adjustment. A model of familial influence on children's social development is proposed that assumes that both the availability and quality of interactions with family members affect children's peer relationships.Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T20:25:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 1988Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 72277
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Reason: Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDsRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDsU of I Only207 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1988
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Family Process Variables and Children's Disruptive Behavior Problems
No full textMarital, parent-child, and family-level processes
were examined for 4 groups of 7- to 11-year-old boys and their
families: boys with no behavioral problems (control), boys with
behavioral problems consistent with attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD), boys with behavioral problems consistent with
oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and boys with behavioral
problems consistent with ADHD and ODD. A discriminant analysis that
used marital and family factors alone was able to correctly classify
families into one of the 4 behavior problem groups with nearly
90% accuracy. The combination of parental commands and
parental coercion separated the control group from the 3 clinical
groups, but it was the combination of family cohesiveness and
responsive and consistent parenting that best distinguished the 3
clinical groups from one another
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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