217,805 research outputs found
Park Museum to House Library of Author
No full textThis short news article, “New National Park Museum to House Library of Author,” from the New York Times reveals the disposition of the part of the Horace Kephart estate. A prolific writer, Horace Kephart (1862-1931) was noted naturalist, woodsman, journalist, and author and promoter of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park.GETS KEPHART COLLECTION
WASHINGTON, Aug. 15.~The library, camping and fishing equip-
ment, notes representing many
years of research, maps and personal effects belonging to the collection
of the late Horace Kephart, author,
of Bryson City, N. C, have been
given to the museum to be established in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The collection
is the gift of the Kephart family
and friends.
The library, while not unusually
large, is considered an important
acquisition, since it contains many
books, note* an •■■ ,i, ,* '■>
-,"5l v Tti n,. Southern Appalachian
Mountains in general and the Great
Smokies in particular. It also has
. , 1 i ,, ! >„ , , ,
i'ii :u-t nature
Park, Alonzo T. - An inaugural dissertation on nutrition
No full textHandwritten inaugural dissertation on nutrition by Alonzo T. Park, of Georgia.Inaugural dissertation; no. 447
Letters supporting Appalachian National Park movement
No full textThis 6-page series of correspondence between C. P. Ambler, J. M. Greer, H. M. Branson, and J. T. Wilder discusses the relationship Appalachian National Park Association has with the Knoxville Chamber of Commerce. Formed in 1899 for the purpose of promoting the idea of a national park in the eastern U.S, the Appalachian National Park Association grew out of work with the Asheville Board of Trade. Although in somewhat of a rivalry, both states eventually cooperated to acquire land and secure funding for the Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Park dedication: notice
No full textThis document, written in the summer of 1940, expresses the interest on behalf of President Franklin D. Roosevelt to be on hand to dedicate the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The dedication did take place that year, on Labor Day, September 2, 1940. A crowd of 10,000 came to Newfound Gap to hear President Franklin D. Roosevelt speak.UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
WASHINGTON
NOTICE CONCERNING GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS
NATIONAL PARK DEDICATION
The President has indicated his desire to dedicate the Great Smoky
Mountains National Park in the near future, should there be a favorable
opportunity for him to make an overnight trip to that area. It is manifestly impossible now to. set a definite date for his departure from
Washington, due to the critical international situation.
Because of this uncertainty, it is extremely doubtful that sufficient
time will be available after his decision to prepare and issue invitations
giving definite dates. Therefore, the invitations are necessarily of indefinite date, with the expectation that invited guests will learn of the
dedication date, when announced, through the press or radio.
As seats are limited, the favor of an immediate reply is requested.
Seats will be furnished to the limit of availability to those responding,
and tickets will be mailed as soon as the definite date of the dedication
is known.
The dedicatory ceremonies will take place at Newfound Gap, on the
State line between North Carolina and Tennessee. This site is on a good
paved highway — the only paved transmountain road in the park.
All the usable area at the Gap will be required, for the audience
during the dedication. Cars will be parked on the Clingsmans Dome road,
a stub road leading off from the transmountain road at Newfound Gap.
Passengers may be discharged at the dedication site, but the driver will
be required to take his car to the parking place.
A limited number of shuttle cars will operate on the Clingsmans Dome
road to take drivers from and to their parked cars.
The dedication will commence at 2:00 p. m., E. S. T. About one hour
prior to the dedication the approach roads will be closed at a point
about 10 miles from Newfound Gap.
It is suggested that box lunches be carried. There will, however,
be refreshment stands at the Gap serving soft drinks, sandwiches, and
ice cream.
June 24, 1940
Letter from Stephen T. Mather, U.S. National Park Service to Jesse L. Boyce
No full textLetter from the Director of the National Park Service, Stephen T. Mather, to Jesse L. Boyce informing him that immediate action is being taken to remove the TNT from the Grand Canyon
Victoria Park High School 2011
No full textThe annual publication of the students of Victoria Park High School, Lethbridge, Alberta. (Volume. 2010-11)pdfGRADE 11
Aubree
Adams
Mercedes
Atwood
Nikolina
Blatancic
Sonia
Cabrera
Taylor
Day
Kirsten
Gerard
Aaron
Gerk
Dini
Gesinghaus
Cheyenne
Haug
Tianna
Holm
Steven
Kowalchuk Callum
Magog
Dylan
Mackie
Nathan
Many Shots
Dalton
Quinton
Ashton
Morelli
Ashley Shylo
Norris Pinnegar
Tessandra
Prete
22
GRADE 11
Waycee
Salmon
Merrilea
Templeman
Kim
Vaile
Ryan
Yee
Justin Arsenault
Joe Artzberger
Shane Baskin
Twyla Betts
Sherwyn Big Throat
Dallas Birdrattler-Driscoll
Joshua Blair
Samantha Boyer
Sarah Brass
Andrew Brown
Kimberly Brown
David Calero
Charlene CalfRobe-Bastien
Breanna Cayer
Ranley Chief Calf
Mariah Christensen
Cheyenne Cockerill
Candice Drake
Michael Eagle Bear
Danielle Eagle Plume
Lindsey Evetts
Tony Filipaz
Willis Freeman
Kaila Giroux
Austin HeavyRunner
Ejaie Herman
Jessica Hildebrand
Jacqueline Hill
Steven Hubregtse
No Photo Available
Kelly Hunt
Bonnie Janzen
Robert Jensen
Candace Jonston
Alex Kirk
Freedom Knife
Robert Krein
Thea Lepla
Kayla Little
Cheyenne ManyGreyHorses
Andrew Mason
Jesse Mccallum
Campbell McCarthy
Kyle Melchin
Hunter Murphy
Haseeb Nazhat
Kayla Pack
Terrence PantherBone
Kris Phillips
Kansas Provost
Jasmine Rapuano
Colin Ritchie
Jordan Sauerberg
Teala Shaw
Keeton Sheridan
Jordan Steenberg
Arianna Stubbington
Cydnee Townsend
Ken Townsend
ChelseyT rowbridge
Rylan Vaile
Paula Vielle
Brett Voytko
Kenton Williams
Skylee Wolf Child
23
GRADE 10
Karmen Kaitlyn Lyra-anne Jeffrey Kaylynne
Ackroyd Anderson Angus Campbell Creeeley
Nikki
Lawrence
Nicole
Fleming
Ashley
Funk
Johana
Gutierrez-Portillo
Chrysan
Kusnir-
Marangoudakis
Kelsey
Margison
Stephan
Murkin
Zachary
Peace
Clancy -Lee
Prokop
Clancy-Lee
Prokop
Ashley
Robie
Michael
Twigg- Pantherbone
24
VPHS MOMENTS
VPHS MOMENTS
26
FASHION STUDIES
28
vmvKuvmmmvmmmnmmmmnmmnn
NEWEST MEMBERS OF VPHS FAMILY
You and Your Child
A specialized program that
meets the needs of pregnant
and parenting teens.
Students can bring their baby
to school and earn 5 credits
while they learn. Also an
opportunity to earn Level 1
Child Care Certification
from the Alberta
Government.
I
31
DISSECTING FROGS
m um m n um m m m m m n iim m in n iu nH
VPHS CATERING
33
GRADE 9
35
COMMUNITY OUTREACH
SCHOOL PROGRAM
l l l l l l l l l l l l U t t t t U t l U H l t t l t t t t t t t i t l l i l H t t t t t t t t t t
36
TURKEY TROT
38
TURKEY TROT
39
1 -y
WORK EXPERIENCE
PARTNERS 2010-2011
Thinks for all your support!
Ability Resource Centre
Aboriginal Council
Aboriginal Housing
Alberta Rose Lo4ge
All-Tra Battery
American Eagle
Block Buster Vi4eo
Bri4ge City Collision
Cana4a Safeway
Cana4ian Tire North
Cana4ian Tire South
Caspian Pay Care
Com-Res Property Management
Country Kitchen
Dairy Queen
Pays Inn Lethbri4ge
Pino's Lan4scaping
Dollar Giant
Pollarama
Galbraith School
Homes Alive Pet Centre
Humpty's Restaurant
King of Tra4e
Lethbri4ge Foo4 Bank
Lethbri4ge Hon4a Centre
Marble Slab
Northsi4e Auto
Peavey Mart
Pemmican Lo4ge
Pet City
Pet Smart
Quality Inn
Re4 Crow College
Shoppers Drug Mart
Sport Chek
Subway San4wiches
TNT Towing
Totem Buil4ing Supplies
V.O.N. Pay Centre
Walmart Supercentre
Walmart Photography
41
HALLOWEEN
MtttuutututttttmHtmHHHMHHnHnwmm
42
HALLOWEEN
43
FLOOR HOCKEY
44 *4
AWARD WINNERS
VICTORIA PARK HIGH SCHOOL AWARDS 2010-2011
1.
Appreciation Awards
These awards are presented to the following people/organizations for their continued support of Victoria Park High School. (2010-2011):
Wesbridge Construction, Agrium, Shaun Heggie, Deh Zarowney, McDonald Nissan, JoAnn St. John, Scott Whiteside, Vickie Vanderpyl, Colleen Sullivan, Deh Forsyth, Soheys South, Bruce Wolf Child, Lethbridge Food Bank, Centennial Quilters Guild, Reid Shuttleworth, Linda Yamamoto
2.
Munchies Food Services Most Improved Student Awards
This award is presented to the student at each grade level who has shown improvement in academic grades and has shown substantial growth in attitude, behavior, co-operation, and citizenship.
Grade 9: Reece Benoit
Grade 10: Kelsey Margison
Grade 11: Kenton Williams
Grade 12: Jerry' Belanger
3.
Munchies Food Services Academic Excellence Awards
Th is award is presented to the student at each grade level with the highest average in combined academic subjects.
Grade 9: D’artangan Pool-Archibald
Grade 10: Clancy Prokop
Grade 11: Nikolina Blatancic
Grade 12: Jamie Colby
4.
Occupational Component Awards
Presented to the top student in each of the CTS programs offered at VPHS.
Art:
Bike Repair: Building Services: Cosmetology: Food Services:
Fashion Studies:
Adam Stoltenberg Callum Magog Ashton Morelli Clancy Prokop Nikolina Blatancic Kirsten Davis
5.
Jeb Trotter Memorial Award
This award is presented to the student who best combines academics and a work experience placement.
Alex Hawkins
6.
KRJ Memorial Citizenship Award
This award is presented to the student who has gone out of their way to accept and help their fellow students.
Sofia Zenebe
7.
Ken Smith Memorial/Laidlaw Scholarship
This award is presented to a student who has overcome adversity and made a positive change in life.
Winner: Jamie Colby
Runner-up: Julie Agerskov
458.
D.R. Yates Award
This award is presented to the student who has demonstrated excellence in the area of Fine Arts. Preference is given to students pursuing a career in the field of the arts.
Freedom Knife
9.
Anna Best-Marshall Award
This award is presented to a student who has shown academic achievement, has been involved in school athletics and fine arts, as well as, actively involved in the community.
Callum Magog
10.
Grace Dainty Award
This award is presented to a student for academic excellence at the high school level.
Clancy Prokop
11.
Turcotte Award
This award is presented to students from the previous graduating class who have successfully completed a year in a postsecondary program.
Amber Desmarais
12.
Matoomoohkotokii (First Rock) Award
This award is presented to a First Nations, Metis, or Inuit student who has demonstrated academic achievement, leadership, citizenship and consistent attendance.
Nathan Many Shots
SCHOLARSHIPS
13.
Jeff Payne Memorial Scholarship
This scholarship is presented to a student who will meet the following criteria:
1.
19 years or less at the beginning of the current academic year; and
2.
obtain at least 15 credits while enrolled at Victoria Park High School; and
3.
complete the requirements for an Alberta High School Diploma; and
4.
register in a post secondary program within the next twelve months; and
5.
earn a 60% average or better in Grade 12 Diploma Courses; and
6.
show a commitment to his or her individual education program and progressive academic achievement; and
7.
shows positive personal growth and development.
Awarded to Skylar Sawers
14.
Victoria Park High School Scholarship
This scholarship is presented to a student who will meet the following criteria:
1.
19 years or less at the beginning of the current academic year; and
2.
obtain at least 15 credits while enrolled at Victoria Park High School; and
3.
complete the requirements for an Alberta High School Diploma; and
4.
register in a post secondary program within the next twelve months; and
5.
earn a 60% average or better in Grade 12 Diploma Courses; and
6.
show a commitment to his or her individual education program and progressive academic achievement; and
7.
shows positive personal growth and development.
Awarded to Dallas Widdop
46Thanks
for the
memories!
Have a
great
summer!
Report on the Proposed Mountain Culture Program for Great Smoky Mountains National Park
No full textShortly after the Great Smoky Mountains National Park was established in 1934, the National Park Service produced this report to evaluate and plan a program to preserve mountain culture. By this time, most of the 4,000 people who formerly lived within the park boundaries had moved out and what was left were abandoned homesteads and buildings. This 1938 report, by Wilburn, Grossman, and park naturalist Arthur Stupke, documented communities and proposed the preservation of structures within the park. Their plan for a Museum of Mountain Culture evolved into today’s Mountain Farm Museum.American History and Culture
Research Studies by the National Park Service 1935-1984
Published by:
Chadwyck-Healey Inc.
1021 Prince Street
Alexandria, Virginia 22314
This publication is accompanied by an index on microfiche listing the reports by state
and park name including the number assigned to each report.
Arrangement of Information on the Microfiche:
No more than one National Park Service report appears on each microfiche.
Microfiche Numbering:
In the top right hand comer of the microfiche is the number of the report as assigned in
the index.
Technical Data:
Producing Laboratory: Chadwyck-Healey Inc.
Date of Publication of Microfiche Edition: 1986
Format: 49 double frame, 105mm x 148mm positive silver halide microfiche, 24 x nominal
reduction.
Copyright:
The arrangement of the pages on microfiche is the copyright of Chadwyck-Healey Inc.
Paper copies of this arrangement of pages on microfiche may be made without the
written permission of Chadwyck-Healey Inc. for internal and reference use only and not
for resale.
Distribution Outside the US.A:
Chadwyck-Healey Ltd.
Cambridge Place
Cambridge CB2 1NR, England
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REPOHT ON THE PROPOSED
MOUNTAIN CUI.:l'URE PROGRAM FOR
GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIObAL PARK
B. C. Wilburn, C. S& Grossman, A. Stupka
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A. PREFACE
ID accordance with the Director's letter of February
5, 1938, to which was attached a memorandum to the Director
dated January 17~ 19381 and signed by ?eears. ranch Spaldi
ng, Tb,omae C. V1nt, Ned J . !3ul'ns 1 and Dr. TI . C. B!7&nt, a
la -time pro ~ram haa been prepared on the subject of preser.
tns the mountain culture of t he Great Smoky Mountains
1;ational Park.
It was deened advisable to prepare a report on the
mnnan history or the area as a desirable background tor the
~prehensive pPoposed pro- am Which follows. This program
is d1acuased under the hea<li ngs of ( 1) ~entral useum Area,
(2) Field FXh1b1te of ounta1n Culture, (3) nistoric Roads,
T'rails 1 and Larl<ttlarka 1 and ( 4) · aldng the Exh1 bits · L1 ve.
Onder the ~1rst heading the proposed seum of Mountain CUlture
and 1aunted1ately adjacent field ezh1b1ts are discus sed;
under the second, the various buildings and related structures
which exist or which are to be r estored are d1seussed ;
the third heading is quite obvious; while the fourth presents
a s1tuttt1on wh!c 1•le at .first hesitated t .o propose
but upon further thought 1 t was deo1ded tc include this dlscuas1on
because of certain features which appear very desirable
. ~ould the majority decide against th1e fourth section
of our proposed program 1 t may be cm1 tted from eonsid.erat1on
in this re.port •
.
Since much work haa been done and much thought has
been given to th1e feature of the Great &noky ountalns f1at-
1onal Park during the paat few ,ear•~ tbe report is quite
easprehena1Ye tor the D1reato~ 1 a request baa been regard-ed
u a real opportun1tr to brlng our 1deaa toge·ther and
to ror.mulate workable nlans for the future • •
B. IBTRODUC'riO ... i
07 kinds of pioneer structures are to be found in
the Great Smokf MO. ntalna National P~k - buildings wbioh
the early wh1 te sett lers 11 te-rall7 carved out of the TJ11-
derness with ax and auger. Here wheN so-called progress
tailed to penetrate there 1a p:reserved a pioneer culture
which dates baok oYer a eentury ed a halt. Indusbtiea,
dame•tle arts, ballads, and man7 tonaa o~ speech haYe rema1ned
uu~hamged . Sp1nn1ng, weaY1ng . m1ll1ng, t•an1Dg ,
eobbl~, and var.1oue other ao•1 Y1 ties - e(De of wh1·oh
have becse major 1n4uatr1es 1n the world 'be7ond tbeae
mountalna - were retained here in t heir orl g~al prtm1t1Ye
form.
..
1
t
Pioneer structures are to be found in other parts of
the country, but in most 1nstanoes they ar e represented by
isole.ted buildings, and the story of the way of 11fe of
their 1nhab1 tants can no longer be deoiphe·red . In the
r reat Smok1es, however, many c omplete groups of bu1ld1ne;s
still r emain, and some are quite as primitive in t heir sett
ings and in t he1r arch1 tecture as are t o be found anywhere.
The S\lrround1ng forests and mount a ins, which oade for t neir
isolation, imparted a distinctive cultural pattern upon
these people.
The coming of better roads did awa7 with the extreme
isolation o:f certain areas even before t hese lands became
a national park . Frame and boxed buildings replaced log
structures and the availability or C(ltrn1ercial products remov-
ed the need of home manufacture . P1nally 1 after the
r reat Smoky !ounta1ne National P~k became r Ealized, most
of the settlers moved tram the area. Aa a r esult many
buildings \ver e left a bandoned and as the years eo by t.hea.e
structures, if given no care or attention, become a ruins.
Then too such iitrorma tion as perta1ne·d t ·o t .. -~e 11 ves o.f
these white pioneers of the re3ion 1s becoming more and
more difficult to secure and will disappear completely in
time if a definite effort is not made to record 1 t by word
and picture and artifaet.
The program of mountain culture which :follows is ~lroposed
ns a means ot preserving this important feature of
the Grea t Smoky ~o,mtaina Nat1ona1 Park •
•
-
C. HISTORY
The land included in the Great Smoky Mountains National
Par k was taken one half from Tennessee and one half
from North Carolina. It constituted a part of the territory
granted by King Charles II , on June 30, 1663, to the
Lords Proprietors, t he bounds or which grant wore expanded
1n 1665 so as to extend from latitude 29 to 36 ~ north.
The name, Carolina, was applied to the entire grant . Fron
t his vast territory t hree of the original thirteen colon:.
0s., :~ ort h Carolina, South Carolina and Ceorg1a were developed.
Three other states, Tennessee, Alabama and Mississippi,
later were also c arved from this domain.
The territory now comprising the State of Tennessee
belonged to Carolina under the charters of 1663 and 1665,
and fell to xTortb Carolina when the province was d1 vided.
In 1784 North Carolina ceded this territory to the national
government on condition that it be accepted in two
years. The inhabitants of the district, however, objected
to the cession, declared t heir independence of North
Carolina, and organized for themselves t he state of Franklin.
But t he new state was weakened by faet1ons , and after
a brief and precarious existence, it was forced into
submission to North Carolina, by which , in 1790, the territory
was again ceded to the n~tional government, and became
a part of "The Territory South of the Ohio River".
On June 1, 1?96, Tennessee w.a... s admi tted to the union as
the sixteenth state.
The aborigines found in pmsesslon of the Great
Smokies and adjacent regions at the time of the advent
of :Europeans . were the Cherokee Indiana. This great mountain
tribe 1s of Iroquolan stock, the relationship being
indicated by 11ngu1st1e eon~iderat1ons, cultural r emains,
and by traditions existing among the Cherokees, as well
as traditi ons .found among other tribes with whom they
csme ·1n contact.
The old home of the Cherokee was the country about
the head. waters of the Obio River and south of Lake Erie •
Quarrels and resulting wars with cognate neighboring
tribes. and territorial diaputes with the Delawares~ resulted
in utter defeat to the Cherokees who were torced
to move southward. At the time of the appearance of the
first Europeans the Cberokees had been sett led in their
3
new home some two or three centur,,s.
In the struggl e tor American Independence the Cherokee
aided with the Sritish, and they oont1nued their
hostile relationship with the Americana until about 1'794.
Following the Treaty of Hopewell of November 28, 1785,
they were lett in possess1on of all lands in the region
of the French Broad River and s outhwestward. The first
t reaty with the Cherokees that affected l•nds now i ncluded
in the park was the Treaty of Eolston negotiated July
2, 1791. It resulted in the cession of' a lare;e territ·ory
of land, 1nclud1n~ about one-half the north easte~n
portion of the park. The boundary was fixed at a point
on the Smok1es now known aa Neigs Pos t. In a tew years
followed the Treaty of Tellico, October 2, 1799, which
also resulted in the cession of lands, a small strip of
whioh is now included in the park on the aruth side. By
the terms of t he treaty negotiated February 27, 1819 , t he
Cherokee boundary was moved so1Jthward to the Little Ten.'1-
esaee River, thus oeding the remainder of the lands now
included in the park, and opening the way for white occupanoy.
Irnmediately following the treat7 of 1791 , land
speculators, most ot whom had been soldiers of the Revolutionary
Viar, began to take up the choice lands along
the Ocona Luttr tram the neighborhood of the present
Ravensford to 3mokemont. By about 1810 moat of these
lan.da had been oooup1ed and thr1 v1ng CO.IIID'1Wl1 ties developed.
These settlers consisted, mainly, ot tam111es who
had ~abed weetw~rd across the Blue Ridge, and were 1mmi
gr ants, or 1mme.d1ate descendants of i mmi grants, who
had treked down trom older settlements further north.
They oondituted the van.pard of thut great atrea of 1mmilrants
that was moving 1rrea1atabl7 southward and westwaN.
In 17'76, O~nera.l Ruther:ford and others had eo
decimated and d1eheaPtened the Cherokees along the Tuckaa~•
3ee and Little Tennessee Rivers that they offe~ed
little resistance to the advance of the whites . Other
reaaona tor the early settlement of this area, ••ide
frcm the dee1rable qualities of t he soil, was th.e fact
that an Indian trai l led this wa7 across the Smok1es,
and at the time of Hut hertord'e destruc tive e~ped1tlon
against the Cherokees , the tcwn of ~mnnun1 1n this v1-
c1n1ty had been destroyed and ita inhabitants run out.
Some of the ao.ldler who weft in this expedition were
the first pereons to take up landa here . ·
4
By about 1770 th·e atream of 1mm1grat1on began to
epl1 t and turn down the Holston and other r1eh valleys
ot Eaat Tennessee . In this re gion , however, the Cherokees
held b ck for a time the tide or 1I:r1i [~atlon . As
the Indian frontier was pushed further and further southwestward
and the choice lands along the larger streams
wer€ occupi ed, individual fam!liea t:1oved. u,p into the narrow
valleys and into the covee anti lnaccessible areas
of the mountains. By the time of the war of seo,ession
about all the are~s in the park that h ave ever been inhabited,
had been ooe11pied, and tha t state o£ stagnation or
~·,. .. r: ~ ~1 inertia occasio!led by isolation had set in.
-·::;r A large percentage of' the folk consti tutine these
mountain settlers were of mixed extraction, descended
two or tl1ree gent-rations distant .from ~lish, ScotchIrish~
I rish and Gei"man stoek who had prn1oualy settled
in Pennsylvania , western ~1ar7land. Virginia and alon~
the eastern sl('\pes of the Blue Ridge o£ North Carolina
and South Carolina. A munber also are known to have
been of pure Engl1ah-., 1r1sh and German stock, and to have
co~ more or leas d1reet into t he ~untain region.
Habits of thrift, hardihood, indep6ndence C4.nd ":make-
1t-or--do-w1thout-1t"' characterized the tonrter gro1Ap , whil e
the newcomers, by force of o1rcumatancem, adapted themselve.;
to their environment.
V.ost or these settlers c ame with a very scanty supply-
ot equipment. An ue, an au ~er, and a lonp rifle
with accoutrements, and possibly a horse, a cow, and a
dog, together with a few items of a dcmeet1c nature auch
as a pot, an oven, &nd .some clothes, constituted the
mean~ of ~rortd1ng a home &.nd livelihood. 'any of theee
folk were de cended trom or.ttamen eueh a.o k_et.al worke.ra
and wood workers; the women were reaoureef\11; and all together,
by force or environment, were able to supply the
necess ities of lite rram the eru:de n&at.er1ala at hand.
Under such eircumatanoes or environment and personal
resource.tnlness t here wae developed, and continued to
eom.par-at1vely recent t1mee, a culture pattern of unique
characte 1at1cs and historical ~portance •
•
D. SUGGESTED PROGRAM
I. The Central Museum Area
a) Lonation, Dsscr1ption and fiistory ot Area
1. - Aim and Purpose. This development 1s designed
primarily to tell the story of the mountain culture
~r the Great Smoky ~ ounta1na National Park J~e a . It
should consist of a main nr~senm bt..t1ld1ng , a mnal l mountain
cabin unit, and the installation of one or more typical
mill sites on a small stream nearby.
2. - L cation. T akln~ into consideration all
the dete~ning factor s, the area generally known as the
Mingus Creek area 1a believed to be the most eultnbl~
location for this important development. It is situated
beside the main h1ghwa7 leading a.cross the ~oldes which
highway will, nnd,oubt&dly, carry the greatest stream of
traff1c1 both entering and leaving the park on the south.
It is 2 ~ miles diatant tram the Smokemont tourist campj
a pproximately 10 miles distant from Newfound Cap, &L ... 23
1!11les tram the Fighting Creek Administration Area. The
park boundary and the Cherokee Indian School are 2l to 3
miles toward the south .
3. - Desor1tt1on. The physical features at this
area aeem to be abou iii that could be desired. A broad,
tlat valley 1th relatively low mountain ridges toward
the east and southeast edm1te an early morning sunn7 exposure.
Toward the west. more sheltering r1dgea, particularly
i n the ew•mter when the sun move a · ~theet north,
will afford a long , sh dy period in the late;~rternoon.
The convergence here ot three ta1rly broad and open stream
Talle7a; Mingus Creek trcm the west, Ccona rutty from the
north, RaTen Fork and Straight Fork tram the northeast.
together with t he wide, open main valle7 to ard the south,
insures. perfect air drainage.
The exact location tor the main building haa not
been selected, but a e~tuat1on upon a natural terrace which
1a approx1matel7 30 feet elevation above the water level
or the Ocona Lutt7 aDd .lngua creek and 18 feet above the
road level seems to bG· almoet 14eal. Th1d apot, which 1s
about 350 .teet trm the hlgbway a·nd an equal distance rrom
Kingua Creek, 1e just high enough to coom .aod a tiDe Yiew
o~ the beaut11'ul level bot '" 011! 1•""• aoroas the Ocona Luft7,
ae well as or the mountain ridges be7ond to the eaat
6
and southenst. The level are between this t e r race , the
ll1 ~)lway, an<! Mingus Creek may e a s i l y be developed to allow
circulation of tratt1c and parkine tac111t1es .
4. - Ii1stor1oa l Cons iderations. Ot e ven gr eater
importance in ae!eotlng t his area for aeYelo~ ent into an
historical museum center, a.l'e i ts historical aasoo1at 1ons .
Lon J! befo-re the com1n ~ of t he hi tea into this are a , an
lnd1an trail followed alon~ t he Ooona Lurty, across t he
Smokies, ond along t he Litt le Pi geon River. This was , no
d~ubt, an important line of oor.nnun1cat1on between the
Overhill tribes in Eaat Tennessee and the mountain tribes
along the Tuckaaeegee and its branches. Near this point
the Bal. s am ;J~ountain trail branched ott, leading northeastward
ecroes the Bala ~s and the Smokies, and into the
Overbill settlements fUrther e astward.
Abou t 2t· t:1lles south of l!1 ngus creek, just ott t he
park lands, is the site of an old Ind i an town, Nunnunyi;
and t here 1s evidence of scatt ering sett lements all along
t he OeonR Lufty. Considerable cultural remains have been
found in the 1ngus Creek area . A large earth mound m r xs
the site uf Nununy1 ( ?late la.). These sett lements vere
all destroyed t&~~d the 1nhab1 t ants run ou t by t he Rat he r ford
expedition~ in 1776. They ere never rebuilt.
Four teen ~ars after t he destruction or these sett
l~ments, one Dr . Joseph Dobson, a sehool master from old
Burke CotJnty, e ast or the 3lue Ridge, entered a tract of
land adjacent to the 1·1ngu.s Creek area . Dobson was a soldier
1n the Rutherford expedition. Title to ~s l and ._a
void because the entry was made eleven months prior to the
eigning of the treaty of July 2, 1791, by m 1 ~~ treat,theae
lands were opened tor white occupancy. On May 9,
1795, Felix ~;alker obtained a grant tor 4 square miles of
land which included the K1ngua creek area. ae well aa the
l ande described 1n the Dobson entry. Walker had been a
student 1Jnder Dr. Dobson, and was a eon ot John Wal ker
who, also, had been a eold1er 1n the Ruthertord expedition.
A number of the earl1eat •ettlere in this area derived
t1 t l e to their lande t~ ,.ough the Walker grant . And, while
the public records do not reYeal a conve7~oe tr<ZJ "1alker
to John Jacob . 1ngue~, both tamily reoords and tradi t1on
point to thls Oei'Dlan lr,ni ~re.nt as bo1 the t1rst penaa ..
nent settler in the area. whGse name beoame tixed to the
stream flowing 1nto the Ocona Luft7 at t his poin t . The
a1te of h1s cabin 1e Tery well authenticated. But , be
that as it may, it 1s quite evident that prior to the
rear 1800, a number of r 111es had beoame well established
1n this area, and 1n the next fe years n,1merous
7
settlements w~ re ~ade alone the Ccona Lurty ~~d Raven
Fork, influenced, no doubt , by the old trails and abandoned
Indian clearings. ( I+lootnote !io . 1 - See Conner
Uaausor!pt, Extract No. 1; title abstr acts; and historical
map and paper by B. C. ~ilburn h ich were d i stribu t ed
as follo s : The Director, Dr . Dry~~t, Region One, and
SupAri~tendont Eakin).
Probably as early as the 1830's, t he old trail across
the Smokies began to be used as a stock driver's
trail . mxmerous droves of ho0 s, eattle, horees and mules ,
on their way to the rich c otton growing sections of South
Carolina, ere driven this way. This ousiness cont i nued
until the ~ar of Secession, and was renewed to a lesser
de ee afterwards . Sett lers alon0 this road pr ospered
by reason of ready sale for their eorn and other products.
(Footnote Jo. 2 - For parallel case see Art hur, '•History
of Vlestern Nol-th Carolina", pp . 285-287; also see map referred
to in Footnote No . 1).
5. - The M1n~s 111. The corn grinding un1 t
of this old ~Il haa ~rea3y been restored to operating
basis and it 18 being run as a customs proposition. It
lends ~reatly to the looal color and historical significance
or this area, and 1 t is known that an old overshot
type mill was in operation here tor many years prior
t c the building or the present Mingus Mill 1n about 18R6.
Sash sawn ttMber and high class hand carpentry char acterize
this mill, both the building and the installed eppl1-
anoes. ( Footnote no. 3 - See Conner Manuscript, Extract
lo . 2).
b) The lfain lfus eum . 1ld1ng
1. - Portner SU~eet1on~. In the report of 'f.'r.
Alden B. Stevens Wb!cn suSD!tted July 31, 19~5, it was
f!Uggested that apac tor geolo~ be provided here. l'ore
recent studies have led to tbe conclua1on that this subjeot
would best be treated elseWhere. Mr. SteYena also
suggested that thf subjects archaeology and ethnology be
aasigned apace 1n the awue bUilding aDd on the s ame floor
with mountain aalture. More recent study and consideration
have raie d a question .. to the dea1rab111ty ot
this procedure. Possibl y t he graYest question involved
here 1s the extent t o which the Rational Park Service
will go into theae subjects at all, 1n Y1ew ot the possibility
of the Indians enter1 g thia tield for themselves.
Whichever way this ~eat1 on may be decided, it seems that
in so f a r as the historical period of the Cherokee Indian
1s concerned pertinent exhibits would not be out of place
here. Two reasons tor this are as follows; t1rat is the
fact of the close and 1nt~n e relationDh!p that has existed
bet een the Indians and Whites in th1s area fer a
great many years. In the early days the Indians were despoiled
and robbed of t heir lands ; then same of the lands
were recovered and the Indians re-settled upon them. The
second reason has to do with 11ter&ture. An historical
re.ference l ibrary for the region would necessarily include
material pertinent to both racea.
2 . - PJ-eeent Su~estions. It is believed that a
buildin~ with approximate y Io.ooo~ 12,000 fe et of floor
SJ ace is necessary to provide proper exhibit, o!f1ee, storage,
laboratory, and preparation t a.c111t1ee. The foll0\1-
i ng unit s are suggested:
( A) Lobb7. About 1,000 square feet of floor
spae~ required; an intormation desk, check room and two
rest ~
Park fiction - a participatory artistic park project
No full textThe extraordinary green recreational area Park Fiction was proposed, planned, and established by a group of artists, residents, and local institutions in Hamburg from 1994 until 2005. The project was financially supported with public funds from the programme Art in Public Spaces sponsored by the Hamburg Department of Culture. The special combination of art and social work of the group has been seen as an important one and was honoured with an invitation to present Park Fiction at the documenta 11 in 2002. The basic conditions and the main phases of the eleven year history of the project are outlined in the text. Difficulties and helpful conditions are analysed. Special regard is given to the combination of social work and art in the project. The significance of the project for the careers of the project members is also taken into account. At the end, the subtle instrumentalisation of the park within the gentrification process of Hamburg is considered.Publisher PD
Letter from Stephen T. Mather to Carl Hayden
No full textLetter from Stephen Mather to Carl T. Hayden regarding automobile regulations within Grand Canyon National Park
Sylvia Benson (third from right), an interpreter for the Pitjantjatjara Women's Council, with some traditional owners wearing their specially printed T-shirts [picture] /
No full textPart of collection: Uluru (Ayers Rock-Mt. Olga) National Park Handover/Leaseback Ceremony, a pictorial record.; Also available in an electronic version via the Internet at: http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-an24341960
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