1,720,977 research outputs found
Antimicrobial coating films: Development by adding zinc–melamine complex to polyvinyl alcohol and antimicrobial performance
No full textA metal–ligand complex is a complex antimicrobial system with a 3D morphology that diversifies its antimicrobial potency. These complexes with diverse geometries can mitigate microbial resistance to biocidal agents. However, the antimicrobial potential of such complexes has not been extensively investigated. In addition, to meet the goals of the 2030 Agenda, the demand for antimicrobial packaging systems prepared from bio-based and/or biodegradable polymers has been increasing. To this end, in this study, a zinc–melamine (MA) complex was introduced into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) using epichlorohydrin (ECH) as the epoxide crosslinker. PVA was first modified using ECH, allowing interactions between PVA–ECH and MA. Subsequently, zinc ions were introduced into PVA–ECH–MA complex to develop a metal–ligand complex in the PVA matrix and with the solutions created, film samples were obtained with the bar-coating technique. The chemical composition of a film prepared using the metal–ligand complex was assessed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which indicated the presence of the zinc–MA complex in the PVA film. The thermal properties of the samples were verified through thermogravimetric analysis. The introduction of the complex improved the flexibility, Young's modulus, and fracture resistance of PVA. Specifically, the elongation at break increased from 89.29 ± 6.63 % to 338.67 ± 14.54 %. Additionally, the Young's modulus considerably decreased from 740.40 ± 195.15 to 2.51 ± 0.26 N/mm2. Furthermore, the antimicrobial properties of the metal–ligand complex against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were evaluated using the inhibition zone assay. The metal–ligand complex film exhibited a large inhibition zone against both microbes, with a stronger effect against E. coli than S. aureus. Indeed, the inhibition zone for E. coli was around 13/14 ± 1 mm, while the positive control obtained a zone of around 7 ± 0.5 mm. Because of its significant antimicrobial efficacy and enhanced mechanical properties, the as-prepared antimicrobial film can be applied in the production of food packaging materials and coatings for food contact paper
Effect of epichlorohydrin treatment on the coating process and performance of high-barrier paper packaging
No full textThe fabrication of coated papers using hydrophilic and biodegradable polymers is important for developing sustainable packaging materials with high barrier and superior mechanical properties. However, water, which is used as the solvent in the paper coating process using hydrophilic polymers, deforms the shape of the paper and deteriorates performance. Therefore, we propose a new coating process that treats Kraft paper (KP) with epichlorohydrin (ECH) as a binder before the coating process. Crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol is coated on the ECH-treated KP using a solution casting method. ECH maintains the shape of the paper and improves coating uniformity; significantly enhances interfacial interactions, which increases barrier properties and sealing strength; and extends the shelf life of biscuits by reducing oxygen and moisture permeability. An ecotoxicity test using Lolium multiflorum demonstrates an insignificant phytotoxicity level for the as-prepared coated papers. Thus, ECH-treated KP is a potential candidate for high -barrier food packaging.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
<Articles>The Popularization of Pseudo-Historical Discourse in South Korea and its Relationship with the Media Environment (Special Issue : Deception)
No full text本稿は、先行研究が抱える「偽史言説が広まる背景の学際的検討の不足」と「歴史大衆化と偽史批判との関係性の検討不足」という二つの課題に応え、韓国における偽史言説の「大衆化」を、一九九〇年代から二〇〇〇年代にかけてのメディア環境の変化を軸に考察する。偽史言説が一九九〇年代に大衆文学の商業性を取り込み、二〇〇〇年前後にはインターネットの普及と愛国主義の高揚を背景に拡大した過程を分析した。また、メディア環境の変化により、次第に多くの人々が偽史言説の消費者としてだけでなく、生産者としても関与するという一貫した流れが形成されたことを明確にし、偽史言説の批判者と信奉者の対立が激化したことも示した。これにより、偽史言説の「大衆化」がメディアとの相互作用によってどのように進行したのかが浮き彫りになった。本稿は、これらを通じて偽史言説の変容を長期的視点で捉え、メディアとの関係を動態的に解明している。The purpose of this paper is to examine the “popularization” of pseudohistorical discourse in Korea based on the changes in the media environment from the 1990s to the 2000s, and to clarify the process of its diffusion and transformation. In response to two issues addressed in previous research, namely the lack of interdisciplinary examination of the background to the spread of pseudo-historical discourse and the lack of examination of the relationship between the popularizing history and the critique of pseudo-history, I will analyze how pseudo-historical discourse has been accepted and reproduced. This paper examines changes and provides specific examples of the media environment related to the production and consumption of pseudohistorical discourse from the 1990s to the 2010s. I analyze popular literature, Internet communities, and online controversies to elucidate the influence of the media environment on the spread of pseudo-historical discourse. In particular, this paper focuses on the impact of the growth of popular literature and the spread of the Internet on the “popularization” of pseudo-historical discourse. Within this paper, I first summarize the trends, characteristics, and issues found in previous research on pseudo-historical discourse and forged writings in Korea. Before examining them, I divided the studies into those done prior to the year 2000 and those from 2010 onwards, and I confirmed that behind these studies of the diffusion of pseudo-historical discourse and its influence was a sense of crisis in the community of academic historians. Next, based on the trends and issues dealt with in previous research, I saw the “popularization” of pseudo-historical discourse accompanying changes in the media environment from the dynamic perspective of “production and consumption” and classified the diffusion process. Specifically, I analyzed the content and characteristics of pseudo-historical discourse found in popular literature that had become popular in Korea in the 1990s, the themes of pseudo-historical discourse in large online communities (“cafes”) created in the 2000s, and the historical background surrounding them. In this way, I have clarified that while pseudo-historical discourse displays patriotic and xenophobic characteristics, pseudohistorical discourse has been widely disseminated to the masses through popular literature, and that the spread of the Internet has transformed consumers of conventional passive pseudo-historical discourse into producers of it. This paper elucidates these consistent trends of “popularization” of pseudo-historical discourse since the 1990s. Due to changes in the media environment, more and more people gradually became involved not only as consumers of pseudo-historical discourse, but also as active producers. This trend includes the acceleration of the spread of the Internet around the year 2000, and the confrontation between critics and followers of pseudohistorical discourse in the Internet controversies of the 2010s, and finally the process of the weakening power of believers. It also points out that the reinvigoration of criticism of pseudo-historical discourse in the late 2010s may have developed in continuity with the Internet debates that preceded it. Through these studies, this paper examines the transformation of pseudo-historical discourse from a long-term perspective and dynamically elucidates its relationship with the media. It points out that the trend of consuming existing pseudo-historical discourses and producing original discourses through online communities where non-expert individuals can easily browse and freely use historical materials is an important insight into the “popularizing history” that has been sought in the academic discipline of history
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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