31,320 research outputs found
Data visualisation in R
No full textCílem práce je představit možnosti grafického zobrazení dat a ukázat implementaci těchto zobrazení v R. Grafická zobrazení jsou rozdělena dle počtu a charakteru proměnných. Jednotlivá zobrazení jsou popsána a je ukázán postup jejich tvorby. Zobrazení jsou porovnávána mezi sebou a je diskutován jejich přínos stejně tak jako výhody a nevýhody oproti ostatním. Je předvedena jejich implementace v R. Dále je rozvedena tvorba grafů v R obecně, včetně druhotného přizpůsobování a kombinování těchto grafů. Jsou prezentovány autorem vytvořené funkce umožňující tvorbu některých z méně tradičních grafů.The aim of this thesis is to present ways of visualising data using R. Based on the number and types of variables suitable visualisation methods are presented. These methods are described and their creation is explained. They are further discussed and compared. Implementation of these methods in R is shown. Finally, the ways of customizing and combining graphs in R are presented, including some custom author-created functions
Storozhenkotilla binghami Lelej & Williams & Terine & Okayasu & Parikh & Kumar 2023, comb. nov.
No full textStorozhenkotilla binghami (Lelej, 2005), comb. nov. (Figs 55–58) Mutilla binghami Lelej, 2005: 35. Replacement name for Mutilla valida Cameron, 1897; Terine et al. 2020a: 3; Pagliano et al. 2020: 227. Mutilla valida Cameron, 1897: 71, ♀ (nom. praeocc., non Smith, 1855), type locality: ”Barrackpore” [India: West Bengal], Rothney leg. [OUMNH]; Bingham 1897: 4, 14, ♀; André, 1902: 71, ♀, India. Material examined. SRI LANKA: Mannar District: 0.8 km NE Kokmotte Bungalow, Wilpattu National Park, 21– 25.V.1976, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, S. Karunaratne, D.W. Balasooriya, 2♀ [USNM]. INDIA: Tamil Nadu, Tiruchirappali District, Pudukkottai: XII.1991, T.R.S. Nathan, 1♀ [SEMC]; XI.1992, T.R.S. Nathan, 1♀ [SEMC]; XI.2002, T.R.S. Nathan, 1♀ [FSCA]. INDIA: Karnataka, 15 km N Bangalore [Bengaluru], KT, 23–24.VII.1996, K. Werner & L. Lorenz, 5♀ [MSNF]. Distribution. * Sri Lanka, India (Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal). Remarks. The type of this species, from West Bengal, is the only specimen of Storozhenkotilla known from northern India. As suggested in the remarks for K. visrara above, there are doubts about the veracity of type localities for many of Cameron’s species. It seems possible that the type could be mislabeled and the genus Storozhenkotilla truly is restricted to a southern Indian and Sri Lankan distribution. Previous studies (Lelej 2005) considered K. cicatricifera comb. nov. as a member of this genus that could be separated from S. binghami by minor color and sculpture differences (see couplet 5 in key to females above). The form that was previously considered S. cicatricifera (Figs 57, 58) is here treated as a color variant of S. binghami, but further studies could eventually reveal it as a discrete species.Published as part of Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Terine, Joshua B., Okayasu, Juriya, Parikh, Grishma R. & Kumar, Girish P., 2023, Review of the tribe Mutillini (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) from the Oriental Region, pp. 455-476 in Zootaxa 5228 (4) on pages 471-472, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5228.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/754010
Depletion of Salvage NAD+ Biosynthesis Exerts Tissue-specific Roles in Systemic Inflammation
No full textIncreases in cholinergic neurotransmission measured by using choline-sensitive microelectrodes: enhanced detection by hydrolysis of acetylcholine on recording sites?
No full textPrevious experiments demonstrated that second-based transient increases in choline concentrations measured by electrodes coated with choline oxidase (ChOx) and the amperometric detection of hydrogen peroxide validly indicate the depolarization-dependent release of acetylcholine (ACh) and its hydrolysis by endogenous acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Therefore, choline-sensitive microelectrodes have become valuable tools in neuropharmacological and behavioral research. The present experiments were designed to test the possibility that co-immobilization of ChOx plus AChE on recording sites increases the level of detection for evoked ACh release in the brain. If newly released ACh is not completely hydrolyzed by endogenous AChE and capable of reaching the extracellular space, currents recorded via sites equipped with both enzymes should be greater when compared with sites coated with ChOx only. Pairs of platinum-recording sites were coated either with AChE plus ChOx or ChOx alone. Potassium or nicotine-evoked currents were recorded throughout the entire dorsal-ventral extent of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The amplitudes of evoked cholinergic signals did not differ significantly between AChE+ChOx and ChOx-only coated recording sites. Additional experiments controlling for several potential confounds suggested that, in vivo, ACh levels > or =150fmol were detected by recordings sites featuring dual enzyme coating. Collectively, these results indicate that co-coating of microelectrodes with AChE does not enhance the detection of cholinergic activity in the cortex compared with measurements via recording sites coated only with ChOx
R v Ireland; R v Burstow [1998] AC 147, House of Lords
No full textEssential Cases: Criminal Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R v Ireland; R v Burstow [1998] AC 147, House of Lords. The document also included supporting commentary from author Jonathan Herring.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Liftings for noncomplete probability spaces
No full textThe current state of knowledge concerning liftings for noncomplete probability spaces is discussed. This is a somewhat expanded version of the author's talk given at the 1991 Summer Conference on General Topology and Applications in Honor of Mary Ellen Rudin and Her Work.PT: S; CR: BURKE MR, IN PRESS P AM MATH S BURKE MR, 1991, ISRAEL J MATH, V73, P33 BURKE MR, 1992, ISRAEL J MATH, V79, P289 CARLSON T, THEOREM LIFTING CHRISTENSEN JPR, 1974, TOPOLOGY BOREL STRUC FREMLIN DH, 1989, HDB BOOLEAN ALGEBRAS, P877 INOESCUTULCEA A, 1966, 5TH P BERK S MATH ST, V2 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1967, CONTRIBUTIONS PROB 1, P63 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1969, TOPICS THEORY LIFTIN JECH TJ, 1978, SET THEORY JOHNSON RA, 1980, P AM MATH SOC, V80, P234 JUST W, IN PRESS T AM MATH S KUPKA J, 1983, INDIANA U MATH J, V32, P717 LOSERT V, 1983, LNM, V1080, P95 MAHARAM D, 1958, P AM MATH SOC, V9, P987 SHELAH S, 1983, ISRAEL J MATH, V45, P90 TALAGRAND M, 1982, P AM MATH SOC, V84, P379 VONNEUMANN J, 1931, CRELLES J MATH, V165, P109; NR: 18; TC: 0; J9: ANN N Y ACAD SCI; PG: 4; GA: BZ86BSource type: Electronic(1
Communication, consensus and order. Who wants to speak first ?
No full textParikh and Krasucki [1990] showed that if rational agents communicate the value of a function f according to a protocol upon which they have agreed beforehand, they will eventually reach a consensus about the value of f, provided a fairness condition on the protocol and a convexity condition on the function f. In this article, we address the issue of how agents agree on a communication protocol in the case where they communicate in order to learn information. We show that if it is common knowledge among a group of agents that some of them disagree about two protocols, then the consensus value of f must be the same according to the two protocols.Common knowledge, consensus, communication protocol.
R v Khawaja and the Fraught Question of Rehabilitation in Terrorism Sentencing
No full textIn R v Khawaja, Supreme Court of Canada addressed the question of how courts should handle the sentencing of terrorism offenders. Although it affirmed the Ontario Court of Appeal’s decision to raise the sentence imposed by the trial judge, the Supreme Court took a different approach to the importance of rehabilitation as a goal in terrorism sentencing generally. The Court of Appeal found that because of terrorism’s unique and serious nature, there should be very little consideration of the possibility of rehabilitation. The Supreme Court disagreed, ruling that the weight to be placed on rehabilitation in such cases should be left to trial judges and that, depending on the facts, rehabilitation could be a significant factor even in the context of very serious terror offences.
The author reviews the history of R v Khawaja, contrasting the Supreme Court’s decision with the approach of the Ontario Court of Appeal both in Khawaja and in a number of other cases. He reviews the British and Australian jurisprudence drawn on by the Court of Appeal, which looks on terrorism as a distinct type of crime that calls only for an emphasis on deterrence and punishment in sentencing, and argues that the Supreme Court’s decision indicates a significantly different attitude to the issue. Khawaja allows for rehabilitation to potentially factor into the sentencing of terrorism offenders. The author further considers this decision though the lens Antony Duff’s theory of punishment, which suggests that the concepts of moral agency, equality and the possibility of individual redemption are foundational to a sense of political community. He argues that the Supreme Court’s decision constitutes an implicit affirmation of Duff’s view on the importance of the goal of rehabilitation even for the worst offenders.Peer reviewedPost-prin
R v Khawaja and the fraught question of rehabilitation in terrorism sentencing
No full textIn R v Khawaja, Supreme Court of Canada addressed the question of how courts should handle the sentencing of terrorism offenders. Although it affirmed the Ontario Court of Appeal’s decision to raise the sentence imposed by the trial judge, the Supreme Court took a different approach to the importance of rehabilitation as a goal in terrorism sentencing generally. The Court of Appeal found that because of terrorism’s unique and serious nature, there should be very little consideration of the possibility of rehabilitation. The Supreme Court disagreed, ruling that the weight to be placed on rehabilitation in such cases should be left to trial judges and that, depending on the facts, rehabilitation could be a significant factor even in the context of very serious terror offences.
The author reviews the history of R v Khawaja, contrasting the Supreme Court’s decision with the approach of the Ontario Court of Appeal both in Khawaja and in a number of other cases. He reviews the British and Australian jurisprudence drawn on by the Court of Appeal, which looks on terrorism as a distinct type of crime that calls only for an emphasis on deterrence and punishment in sentencing, and argues that the Supreme Court’s decision indicates a significantly different attitude to the issue. Khawaja allows for rehabilitation to potentially factor into the sentencing of terrorism offenders. The author further considers this decision though the lens Antony Duff’s theory of punishment, which suggests that the concepts of moral agency, equality and the possibility of individual redemption are foundational to a sense of political community. He argues that the Supreme Court’s decision constitutes an implicit affirmation of Duff’s view on the importance of the goal of rehabilitation even for the worst offenders.Peer reviewedPost-prin
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