1,720,977 research outputs found
Detection of Entamoeba histolytica DNA in the Saliva of Amoebic Liver Abscess Patients Who Received Prior Treatment with Metronidazole
Get PDFSaliva is an easily-accessible and a non-invasive clinical specimen
alternate to blood and liver pus. An attempt was made to detect
Entamoeba histolytica DNA released in the saliva of amoebic liver
abscess (ALA) patients by applying 16S-like rRNA gene-based nested
multiplex polymerase chain reaction (NM-PCR). The NM-PCR detected E.
histolytica DNA in the saliva of eight (28.6%) of 28 ALA patients. The
NM-PCR result was negative for E. histolytica DNA in the saliva of all
the eight ALA patients who were tested prior to treatment with
metronidazole but was positive in the saliva of eight (40%) of 20 ALA
patient who were tested after therapy with metronidazole. The NM-PCR
detected E. histolytica DNA in liver abscess pus of all 28 (100%)
patients with ALA. The TechLab E. histolytica II enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay was positive for E. histolytica Gal/GalNAc lectin
antigen in the liver abscess pus of 13 (46.4%) of the 28 ALA patients.
The indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test was positive for anti-amoebic
antibodies in the serum of 22 (78.6%) of the 28 ALA patients and 2
(5.7%) of 35 healthy controls. The present study, for the first time,
demonstrates the release of E. histolytica DNA in the saliva of ALA
patients by applying NM-PCR
Entamoeba Moshkovskii and Entamoeba dispar -associated Infections in Pondicherry, India
Get PDFThe prevalence of Laredo strain - Entamoeba moshkovskii - and
non-pathogenic E. dispar in patients attending the Jawaharlal Institute
of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research hospital, Pondicherry,
India, is reported here. E. moshkovskii is reported for the first time
in India. The species are morpho-logically indistinguishable from
pathogenic E. histolytica. Of 746 stool samples screened, 68 showing
cyst or trophozoite stage of E. histolytica, E. dispar, or E.
moshkovskii were subjected to small sub-unit (SSU) rRNA gene-based
polymerase chain reaction, which revealed a higher prevalence of E.
dispar (8.8%) and E. moshkovskii (2.2%) compared to E. histolytica
(1.7%) in patients. Only 19% of the 68 stool samples, resembling E.
histolytica by microscopy, were actually E. histolytica , implying that
81% of suspected infections were misdiagnosed and would have been
treated unnecessarily with antiamoebic drugs
A serological study of cysticercosis in patients with HIV
No full textNeurocisticercose (NCC) tem alcançado a importância de uma das mais comuns causas de lesões focais no cérebro em pacientes infectados pelo HIV (vírus da imunodeficiência adquirida). Dados adequados relativos à frequencia desta co-infecção estão faltando. Portanto, o presente estudo foi realizado para determinar a prevalência da cisticercose entre pacientes com HIV residindo em Puducherry ou distritos vizinhos do Estado de Tamil Nadu, India. Um total de cem amostras foram coletadas de casos soropositivos do Hospital JIPMER, Puducherry, entre junho de 2007 e maio de 2008. "Enzyme immunotransfer blot" (EITB) e ELISA foram utilizados para demonstrar anticorpos contra a fase larval do T. solium. Testes de co-aglutinação (Co-a) foram usados para demonstrar antígenos da fase larval do T. solium no soro. Dois casos HIV soropositivos foram positivos para anticorpos contra a fase larval do T. solium por EITB e quatro foram positivos por ELISA. Somente uma amostra foi positiva por ambos EITB e ELISA. Nenhuma amostra de soro foi positiva para antígeno da fase larval do T. solium pelo teste Co-a. A soropositividade total detectada por todos os métodos foi 5% neste grupo de estudo. O diagnóstico clínico exato de NCC em HIV é difícil devido aos desordenados parâmetros imunológicos nos pacientes infectados pelo HIV. Os resultados deste estudo fornecem dados importantes sobre a prevalência da cisticercose em pacientes HIV positivos em Puducherry e áreas vizinhas que eram previamente desconhecidos. Este estudo também aumentará a atenção dos médicos e agências de saúde pública sobre a cisticercose por T. solium em grupo selecionado.Neurocysticercosis (NCC) has attained the importance of one of the most common cause of focal brain lesions in patients infected with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). Adequate data regarding the rate of this co-infection is lacking. Therefore, the present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of cysticercosis among HIV patients residing in Puducherry or its neighboring districts of Tamil Nadu State, India. A total of one hundred blood samples were collected from HIV seropositive cases visiting JIPMER hospital, Puducherry, between June 2007 and May 2008. Enzyme immunotransfer blot (EITB) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to demonstrate anti- T. solium larval stage antibodies and Co-agglutination (Co-A) test was used to detect T. solium larval stage antigens in sera. Two HIV seropositive cases were found positive for anti-T. solium larval stage antibody by EITB and four were positive by ELISA. Only one sample was positive by both EITB and ELISA. No serum sample was found positive for T. solium larval stage antigen by Co-A test. The overall seropositivity detected by all the methods was 5% in this study group. The accurate clinical diagnosis of NCC in HIV is difficult due to deranged immunological parameters in the HIV infected patients. The results of this study provides important data on the prevalence of cysticercosis in HIV positive patients in Puducherry and neighboring areas which was previously unknown. This study will also increase awareness among physicians and public health agencies about T. solium cysticercosis in the selected group
Detection of Entamoeba histolytica DNA in the Saliva of Amoebic Liver Abscess Patients Who Received Prior Treatment with Metronidazole
Get PDFSaliva is an easily-accessible and a non-invasive clinical specimen
alternate to blood and liver pus. An attempt was made to detect
Entamoeba histolytica DNA released in the saliva of amoebic liver
abscess (ALA) patients by applying 16S-like rRNA gene-based nested
multiplex polymerase chain reaction (NM-PCR). The NM-PCR detected E.
histolytica DNA in the saliva of eight (28.6%) of 28 ALA patients. The
NM-PCR result was negative for E. histolytica DNA in the saliva of all
the eight ALA patients who were tested prior to treatment with
metronidazole but was positive in the saliva of eight (40%) of 20 ALA
patient who were tested after therapy with metronidazole. The NM-PCR
detected E. histolytica DNA in liver abscess pus of all 28 (100%)
patients with ALA. The TechLab E. histolytica II enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay was positive for E. histolytica Gal/GalNAc lectin
antigen in the liver abscess pus of 13 (46.4%) of the 28 ALA patients.
The indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test was positive for anti-amoebic
antibodies in the serum of 22 (78.6%) of the 28 ALA patients and 2
(5.7%) of 35 healthy controls. The present study, for the first time,
demonstrates the release of E. histolytica DNA in the saliva of ALA
patients by applying NM-PCR
Emerg Infect Dis
No full textVibrio cholerae resistance to third-generation cephalosporins is rarely reported. We detected a strain that was negative for extended-spectrum \u3b2-lactamase and positive for the AmpC disk test, modified Hodge test, and EDTA disk synergy test and harbored the blaDHA-1 and blaNDM-1 genes. The antimicrobial drug susceptibility profile of V. cholerae should be monitored
Dot-Elisa for evaluation of hydatid cyst wall, protoscoleces and hydatid cyst fluid antigens in the serodiagnosis of cystic echinococcosis
No full textO propósito do presente trabalho é avaliar a parede cística e protoscolex como fontes alternativas de antígeno no sorodiagnóstico de equinococose cística (CE). De um total de 90 amostras de sangue, foram coletadas 30 de casos CE confirmados, 30 de controles de doença e 30 controles saudáveis. Dot-Elisa usando parede cística, protoscolex e fluido cístico foi utilizada para demonstrar anticorpos anti-hidáticos. A sensitividade de Dot-Elisa usando parede cística, protoscolex e fluido cístico foi de: 96,66%, 86,66% e 93,33% respectivamente e a especificidade do ensaio de 70% para Dot-Elisa usando fluido cístico, protoscolex e antígeno da parede cística. Resultados do presente estudo mostram que parede cística e protoscolex podem ser fontes úteis de antígeno na detecção de anticorpos hidáticos no sorodiagnóstico do CE.The aim of the present study is to evaluate cyst wall and protoscolex as an alternate source of antigen in serodiagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (CE). A total of 90 blood samples, 30 each of confirmed CE cases, disease controls and healthy controls were collected. Dot-ELISA using cyst wall, protoscolex and cyst fluid were used to demonstrate anti-hydatid antibodies. The sensitivity of Dot-ELISA using cyst wall, protoscolex and cyst fluid was 96.66%, 86.66% and 93.33% respectively and the specificity of the assay was 70% for Dot-ELISA using cyst fluid, protoscolex and cyst wall antigens. Results of the present study show that cyst wall and protoscolex can also be an useful source of antigen in detection of hydatid antibodies in the serodiagnosis of CE
Increasing Antimicrobial Resistance of Vibrio cholerae O1 Biotype El Tor Strains Isolated in a Tertiary-care Centre in India
Get PDFThe antimicrobial susceptibility patterns are on constant change with
the recent emergence of multidrugresistant strains of most bacteria.
Results of recent studies in India showed that most isolates of Vibrio
cholerae O1 were resistant to the commonly-used antibiotics. The
study was conducted to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns
of V. cholerae O1 isolated during 2008-2010 at the hospital of the
Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and
Research, Puducherry, India. In total, 154 strains of V. cholerae O1
from 2,658 stool specimens were reported during January
2008–December 2010—34 in 2008, 2 in 2009, and 118 in 2010.
The isolates of V. cholerae O1 were subjected to antimicrobial
susceptibility testing using the Kirby-Bauer method. The antibiotic
disks tested were tetracycline (30 μg), furazolidone (100
μg), ampicillin (10 μg), ceftriaxone (30 μg), and
ciprofloxacin (5 μg). Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 was used as
the control organism. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of
ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline were determined using the
agar dilution method for all the strains. The E-test method was used
for the strains which had either intermediate resistance or were
resistant to the antibiotics by the agar dilution method. The results
of the agar dilution corroborated the results of the E-test. The MIC of
ceftriaxone in 151 strains was <2 μg/mL while it was 16
μg/mL in three strains; the latter three strains were resistant to
ceftriaxone by the disc-diffusion test. The MIC of ciprofloxacin in 150
strains was <0.5 μg/mL while the MIC of tetracycline was <1
μg/mL. In the remaining four strains, the MIC of tetracycline was
>32 μg/mL, and the MIC of ciprofloxacin was >8 μg/mL.
These four strains were resistant to both tetracycline and
ciprofloxacin by the disc-diffusion test and were exclusive of the
three ceftriaxone-resistant strains. The majority of the isolates were
obtained from children aged 0-5 year(s)—70.3% (83 of 118) and
41.2% (14 of 34) were reported in 2010 and 2008 respectively. Since
treating severe cases of cholera with antibiotics is important, the
continuing spread of resistance in V. cholerae to the most important
agents of therapy is a matter of concern. Also, chemoprophylaxis with
antimicrobial agents is likely to become even more difficult
Virulence factors in clinical and commensal isolates of Enterococcus species
No full textBackground: Enterococci have emerged as important nosocomial pathogens and have been found to possess many virulence factors, some of which are considered very important in the pathogenesis of diseases caused by them. The following study was carried out to evaluate some of the virulence determinants elaborated by strains of enterococci in our setup and to ascertain if these strains differ considerably from commensal strains of enterococci in the expression of these virulence determinants. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty-seven isolates of Enterococcus species from clinical specimens were evaluated for the presence of virulence determinants like hemolysin production, gelatinase production and biofilm formation by phenotypic tests. The presence of enterococcal surface protein (esp) gene in the isolates was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Thirty strains of Enterococcus isolated from fecal samples of patients admitted to the hospital were also tested for the presence of these virulence factors. Strains of Enterococcus from clinical specimens and those present as commensals were compared with respect to the elaboration of virulence factors using Fisher′s exact test. Results: The association between biofilm formation and presence of the "esp" gene was not found to be statistically significant. Among the virulence determinants studied, gelatinase production and the "esp" gene were found to be significantly more common in clinical isolates than commensal strains of Enterococcus species. Conclusion: Among the virulence factors, gelatinase and the "esp" gene were more common in clinical isolates than commensal strains. The association between biofilm formation and the presence of "esp" gene was not found to be statistically significant
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