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Une approche éclectique de l'amélioration de la compétitivité des avantages concurrentiels des nations : une analyse des facteurs du succès des économies d’Asie de l’Est à travers l'exemple de la Corée du Sud
No full textExisting economic theories focus on advantages that nations possess as a key factor to growth and success. However, the unprecedented success of East Asian economies cannot be appropriately explained by these earlier theories. The success of these countries should be addressed in a different way because they started their economic growth without any significant advantages. Therefore, the purpose of this dissertation is to develop a new paradigm that can fully explain the key success factors for the economic development of East Asian economies.Les théories économiques existantes se concentrent sur les avantages que possède chaque pays en tant que facteurs essentiels pour le développement. Cependant, le succès sans précédent des économies d’Asie de l’Est, comme Hong Kong, Singapour, Taiwan et la Corée du Sud, ne peut pas être convenablement expliqué par ces théories antérieures car ces économies ont commencé leur développement sans avantages significatifs. L’examen du succès de ces économies devrait être abordé dans une perspective différente. Le but de la thèse est de développer une nouvelle approche laquelle permet de mieux déterminer les facteurs clés de la réussite du développement économique des quatre « dragons asiatiques »
Une approche éclectique de l'amélioration de la compétitivité des avantages concurrentiels des nations : une analyse des facteurs du succès des économies d’Asie de l’Est à travers l'exemple de la Corée du Sud
No full textLes théories économiques existantes se concentrent sur les avantages que possède chaque pays en tant que facteurs essentiels pour le développement. Cependant, le succès sans précédent des économies d’Asie de l’Est, comme Hong Kong, Singapour, Taiwan et la Corée du Sud, ne peut pas être convenablement expliqué par ces théories antérieures car ces économies ont commencé leur développement sans avantages significatifs. L’examen du succès de ces économies devrait être abordé dans une perspective différente. Le but de la thèse est de développer une nouvelle approche laquelle permet de mieux déterminer les facteurs clés de la réussite du développement économique des quatre « dragons asiatiques ».Existing economic theories focus on advantages that nations possess as a key factor to growth and success. However, the unprecedented success of East Asian economies cannot be appropriately explained by these earlier theories. The success of these countries should be addressed in a different way because they started their economic growth without any significant advantages. Therefore, the purpose of this dissertation is to develop a new paradigm that can fully explain the key success factors for the economic development of East Asian economies
Between Technological Advancement and Protectionism: The Bumpy Evolution from MP3 Players to Smartphones in Korea
Get PDFIn recent years, K-pop or Korean popular songs have enjoyed immense popularity around the world. However, the situation was very different before the mid-2000s when the industry was suffering from widespread piracy of its music. Furthermore, the emergence of the MP3 phone in the early 2000s provoked two critical conflicts. One was between the producers of the MP3 phone who were large conglomerates and the manufacturers of the standalone MP3 player who were smaller companies that feared for their future. The other conflict was between the producers of the MP3 phone and the Korean music industry who believed this new device would hinder their development. Given the current global popularity of K-pop, it is meaningful to analyze the position and rationale of these players at the time and their consequences. In brief, protecting existing industries hindered the corporate and industrial adaptions in the global competition and held back the momentum to explore innovation and a new business model. First, the MP3 player manufacturers encountered serious financial and managerial problems and even went into bankruptcy because they were too slow in pursuing change. Second, the Korean conglomerates were late in producing a new digital device, the smartphone, and entering its growing market. Third, the Korean music industry was able to survive but only because entertainment companies have adopted a new business model that generated alternative sources of earnings. This paper demonstrates the importance of having a broader view and recognition of industrial dynamics in formulating effective policies
The Implications of Moons Research Methodology for Studies on Hallyu and its Cultural Industries
No full text문화산업이 문화, 예술, 민족정체성 등의 특수성을 내포하기에 다수의 학자들에 의해서 한류와 한국문화산업의 문화·예술적인 측면의 연구가 주로 수행되어 왔다. 그러나 한류 연구가 타 국가 학자들에게 중요한 이유는 한국문화의 현황, 성장 과정 및 방법에 관한 연구를 통해 각국에 적용 가능한 효과적인 문화산업 부흥 전략과 정책의 도출에 있다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 한류 연구의 강화와 세계화를 위해서는 문화 자체에 대한 연구와 함께 경제 및 산업적인 측면의 연구가 병행되어야 한다. 이러한 측면에서 문휘창 연구방법론은 한류 연구의 균형있는 발전 및 연구영역의 확대에 이바지할 수 있다. 일반화된 더블 다이아몬드 모델을 활용하여 과거와 현재의 한류 및 문화산업의 경쟁력을 비교·평가할 수 있으며, ABCD 모델을 통해 국제경쟁력 향상 과정과 방향을 분석할 수 있다. 또한 경쟁력 향상 과정에 대한 효과적인 방법론을 모색하는데 있어서 불균형 이론을 활용할 수 있으며, 기업의 사회적 기회는 문화산업을 통해서 사회와 기업의 이익과 경쟁력 향상을 함께 이루기 위한 방법을 연구하는데 활용될 수 있다. 이러한 문휘창의 연구방법론은 다른 국가의 문화산업 연구에도 활용 가능하며, 이를 통하여 향후 진정한 문화다양성 향유에 이바지할 수 있다.With the emergence of Hallyu or the Korean Wave, there has been growing interest within academia in understanding its characteristics. Many studies on this subject tend to utilize approaches that are generally dominated by cultural and artistic facets. However, it should be stressed that the importance of Hallyu for international scholars and even other countries is to find meaningful implications for their own cultural industries. This is done by analyzing its current status, improvement (or development) process, and enhancement method(s). If studies on Hallyu are to expand and deepen in scope, the business and economic aspects of the industry need to be considered. In this regard, Moons research methodology can make an important contribution toward broadening the scope of study on Hallyu through its balanced and comprehensive development of related research. Such an approach can serve to achieve true cultural diversity
In Search of an Effective Trade Policy for the Film Industry: Lessons from Korea
No full textThis article explores which trade-related policies are effective – that is both economically and culturally sound – to promote the film industry that has recently been highlighted more due to its prominent political, economic and cultural dimensions. By examining the trade-related policies of nine major countries for their film industries over the last forty years, several important findings are extracted which contribute towards a more pragmatic debate on ‘trade and culture’. First, regulatory barriers such as import or screen quotas should be avoided at all costs since they do not protect the domestic film industry. Second, tax relief schemes are unreliable because they tend to offer excessive support to attract foreign film producers. Third, as a choice to be considered, subsidies should be kept reasonable in size and focus on consistent goals. Fourth, well-designed trade agreements can contribute greatly to enhance film policies. Finally, once combined, these results explain to a large extent the remarkable success of the Korean film industry over the last two decades, which can be a good bench marker for countries that want to enhance their film industry and to promote their culture
Wrestling With or Embracing Digitization in the Music Industry: The Contrasting Business Strategies of J-pop and K-pop
Get PDFDigitization has significantly changed the process for producing and consuming music: from analogue to digital, albums to songs, possess to access, audio to visual, and end products to promotional products. In this globalized digital era, actively embracing digitization would likely help enhance the competitiveness of the music industry. The rise of K-pop and the decline of J-pop clearly demonstrate the different results from whether to embrace or wrestle with digitization. The Korean music industry recognized changes brought on by digitization earlier and was more active in responding with effective strategies. By contrast, the Japanese music industry did not immediately respond to these changes but stuck to its rent-seeking behavior in order to take advantage of its larger market size and “sophisticated” copyright regime. The implications from this paper is that business activities are the core element for creating and enhancing competitiveness of the music industries
Accumulated and Accumulable Cultures: The Case of Public and Private Initiatives toward K-Pop
No full textWhen it comes to the promotion of culture, many tend to highlight the vital role of public initiatives. This idea is based on the common perception that culture is part of the nation- state. This belief also stems from the confusion between two types of culture. To address such misperceptions, this paper emphasizes a distinction between accumulated and accumulable cultures: The former is associated with the nation-state and local conditions. Given that it has formed over a long period of time with the accumulation of related cultural practices, the need to protect it is strong. On the other hand, accumulable culture is less associated with the nation-state and is more universalistic. As it has only formed relatively recently, it can be further improved and enhanced. Alongside this, it should be well understood that accumulated culture was also once accumulable and has survived over time. Furthermore, this paper argues that in order to promote accumulable culture, private initiatives would have a more significant impact than public efforts. For example, the role of the Korean government has usually been credited by several media outlets and scholars in explaining the emergence of K-pop; however, a rigorous analysis of K-pop clearly demonstrates that private initiatives have actually been more effective in promoting K-pop internationally. This perspective intends to provide important implications for policy makers to formulate more effective policies that would help promote their national culture as a source of soft power
Types of Nations Operating System and a New Economic Development Model: A Case Study of Koreas Economic Development
No full text기존 연구들이 국가 간 서로 다른 국가운영체제의 차이점을 구분하지 않고, 주로 선진국 학자들에 의해서 개발된 경제발전 모델을 일반화하여 개발도상국의 발전에 적용해왔으나 그 효과가 기대에 크게 못 미쳤다. 본 연구에서는 국가와 시장의 기능에 따라 국가운영체제를 크게 4가지 범주로 구분하여 더 포괄적이면서도 체계적인 국가운영체제 분류법을 제시하였다. 이 틀을 활용하여 많은 개발도상국들에게 경제발전 모델국가가 선진국보다는 한국이나 싱가포르와 같은 동아시아 신흥산업국임을 제시하였다. 또한, 경제발전을 이룬 동아시아 국가들 중 특히 한국경제발전의 원동력은 기존의 경제이론들이 주장하는 우위를 강화하는 전략이 아닌 열위를 극복하고 우위를 창출해 내는 새로운 패러다임이라는 것을 POSCO, 삼성전자 및 현대자동차와 같은 기업적 측면과 각 시대별 연구를 통한 국가적 측면으로 나누어서 살펴보았다. 이러한 한국의 경제발전 모델은 특히 개발도상국의 경제발전에 있어서 매우 중요한 시사점을 줄 것이다.
Existing studies, mostly introduced by the scholars from advanced countries, have not distinguished the differences in nations operating system between developed and developing countries, and tried to generalize the models regardless of national characteristics. When these models are applied to developing countries, therefore, the policy implications may be misleading. To solve this problem, this paper, firstly, provides a new framework of four types of nations operating system-capitalistic democracy, socialistic democracy, capitalistic authoritarianism, and socialistic authoritarianism―categorized in terms of the function of market and the mechanism of policy making. This typology proves that East Asian countries such as Korea, rather than other advanced countries, can be a role model for developing countries in their efforts to achieve economic success. Furthermore, this paper
demonstrates that the driving force of East Asian economic success cannot be adequately explained by existing theories that are mostly based on exploiting advantages, but by a new paradigm that is based on overcoming disadvantages. This new development model is supported by case studies on Korean companies including POSCO, Samsung Electronics, and Hyundai Motors. The macro perspective of this new theory is also proven by case studies on Koreas economic development patterns of the past decades. Koreas economic development model can provide very useful implications for developing countries economic achievement
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