1,354,123 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Activation of the coagulation system in coronary artery bypass grafting operation: comparison between on-pump and off-pump techniques
No full textObjective: Comparing peri-operative activation of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems and platelet function in patients receiving CABG operation by means of on pump or off pump techniques. Methods: 32 consecutive patients requiring elective CABG were enrolled in the study and assigned in a randomized fashion to: on pump group or off pump group. Heparin was given at the same dose (300 U/kg) and antifibrinolytic drugs were not administered. Activation of the coagulation system was evaluated by means of Prothrombin Fragment 1.2 (PF-1.2) and Tissue Factor (TF) measurements; fibrinolysis was evaluated measuring Tissutal Plasminogen Activator (TPA), Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and D-Dimer (D-D) formation. Platelets function was evaluated by means of the Platelet Function Analyzer (PFA-100®). Blood samples were collected at T0 (during induction of anesthesia), T1 (45 min after heparin administration), T2 (15 min after protamine administration), T3 (3 h after the end of the operation), T4 (postoperative day (POD) 1), T5 (POD4), and T6 (POD6). Results were corrected for haemodilution. Results: No statically significative differences were found in pre, peri and post-operative clinical characteristics between the two groups, except for heparinization time (on pump group 159.6±40.4 min; off pump group 121.6±35.7; P<0.05) and hemoglobin value at POD6 (on pump group 9.3±2.34 g/dl; off pump group 10.9±1.35 g/dl; P<0.05). The coagulation system was activated during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and highest levels of PF-1.2 were measured at T1, T2 and T3 (P<0.05 compared with off pump group); a trend towards increased levels of PF-1.2 was observed in both groups at T4,T5 and T6. TF production was similar in the two groups and no statistically significative differences were found at any sample time. The fibrinolytic system was more activated in the on pump group as demonstrated by TPA levels at T1 (P<0.05), PAI-1 levels at T2 (P<0.05) and D-D levels at T2 and T3 (P<0.05). Not surprisingly, CPB induces platelet dysfunction; PFA-100 bleeding times were significantly elevated in on pump group at T1, T2 and T3 (P<0.05). PFA-100 bleeding postoperative times were not prolonged in both groups despite aspirin administration. Conclusions: Off-pump patients produce less activation of the coagulation system and do not activate fibrinolysis during the operation; their platelet function is preserved during and after the operation. This may explain the reported reduced rate of postoperative bleeding associated with this technique. The absence of fibrinolysis together with functioning platelets and increased thrombin formation postoperatively suggest that off pump patients may experience a pro-thrombotic state
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Cardiac Troponin I release following coronary artery bypass surgery. Effects on operative and mid-term survival
No full textObjective: Myocardial infarction (MI) associated with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) operations represents a serious and relatively frequent peri-operative complication. Markers of myocardial necrosis are usually found elevated in patients undergoing coronary bypass operation with cardiac arrest. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is the preferred marker to detect acute myocardial ischemia. Its ability to predict short and, particularly, midterm outcome following coronary bypass operations is uncertain. The aim of the presented study is to assess the role of postoperative cTnI in predicting in-hospital and mid-term outcome in non-selected patients undergoing CABG and to suggest a critical use of cTnI to improve post-operative care of patients with elevated troponin release. Methods: Between May 2000 and February 2003, 230 unselected patients undergoing surgical revascularization had cTnI measured preoperatively and 11 times postoperatively. Patients with unstable angina and recent MI (<7 days) were included in the study. Patients undergoing aortic dissection surgery and those undergoing heart valve procedures with associated CABG as well as patients transferred on emergency in the operative room following complicated percutaneous coronary intervention were excluded. A receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was constructed using cTnI postoperative peak values to assess prognostic specificity and sensitivity of the test. 13 ng/ml is the cut-off value used to assess the prognostic significance of peak cTnI postoperative release for short and mid-term outcome for mortality and hospitalization for cardiac causes. Mean and maximal follow-up were 22.6±10.7 and 48.3 months, completeness 90%. Results: 146 patients (63.5%) had postoperative cTnI peak values <13 ng/ml (mean peak value 6.6±3.1 ng/ml), 84 patients (36.5%) had postoperative cTnI peak values >13 ng/ml (mean peak value 45.5±59.9 ng/ml). Patients with peak cTnI >13 ng/ml were older, had lower body mass index and had higher preoperative cTnI values. They required longer cross-clamp time and CPB time. Post-operative results are shown. Hospital death was significantly higher in cTnI >13 ng/ml group (9.5% vs. 0.7%, P = 0.0009). = 0.0009). Multivariate analysis showed that cTnI >13 ng/ml was the only independent predictor of hospital death (OR 10.33, P = 0.04) and hospital death for = 0.04) and hospital death for cardiac causes. Two years follow-up demonstrate that cTnI postoperative release had no influence on mid-term mortality and hospitalization for cardiac causes.Conclusions: The presented is the largest study reporting mid-term survival for CABG patients based on postoperative cTnI release. CTnI is a valuable marker for immediate myocardial damage following coronary bypass operations. CTnI postoperative release does not predict mid-term outcome
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Author, publisher and bookseller : a tripartite synergy in Nigerian book industry
No full textThis work is about the roles of Author, Publisher and Bookseller in Book development in
Nigeria. The paper started by delving into the history of Book Publishing in Nigeria after
which it proceeded by defining who an author, a publisher, and a bookseller is and
expatiated on the indispensable roles of these key actors in Nigerian Book Industry and in
the emerging Information Society. Furthermore, the various constraints to book
development were identified while the paper advised on how the Book Industry can be
further promoted in Nigeria. However, the paper concluded and made recommendations
on how the Book sector can help in enhancing scholarship in the country
The Thursday Murder Club: Launching a megabrand author - a publishing case study
No full textIn 2020, the Christmas book charts in the UK made headlines: Barack Obama’s eagerly awaited autobiography, The Promised Land, was beaten to the top spot by The Thursday Murder Club by Richard Osman, a debut cosy crime novel set in a retirement village. Not only did Osman’s book beat the former US president’s expected bestseller, it also broke records, becoming the fastest-selling debut crime novel of all time. Although Osman has a certain level of fame in the UK from his TV appearances on shows such as Pointless, his celebrity status does not entirely explain the novel’s huge sales. This article tracks the acquisition, publication, and promotion journey of The Thursday Murder Club in order to understand the industry and cultural context of its success and to interrogate the role of celebrity in the creation of author brands. The findings suggest that the unexpected scale of the success of the book owed to a number of factors, including in-depth editing by the novel’s agent, editor, and author to tighten up the plot, an extensive and strategic promotional campaign, the pandemic (which drove interest in the book’s genre and themes), and the quality of the writing. We find that the book’s success was accentuated by Osman’s celebrity status rather than being entirely reliant on it. This research adds to the growing scholarship on celebrity authorship by means of an in-depth case study and provides insight into the processes behind publishing a ‘celebrity’ book and launching a megabrand author
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
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