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Apiocera vespera Paramonov 1953
No full text<i>Apiocera vespera</i> Paramonov 1953: 476. <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> A small, elongate, grey and black species. Proboscis 0.6 x length of fore tibia, flagellum 2 x longer than maximum width, costa ending at M veins, vein M3+CuA1 absent, M2 present, becoming pale towards wing margin. Abdomen black with distinctive narrow grey bands on the posterior margin of each tergites.</p> <p> <b>Note</b>: the diagnosis of this species, based on the single holotype specimen from Booanya Rock in Cape Arid National Park and Paramonov’s description, is provisional. The holotype specimen is now lacking a head, and Paramonov did not describe all the features of the head, in particular the antenna. Paramonov described the species as most closely related to <i>A. mackerrasi</i>, and his description of <i>A. vespera</i> compares it with <i>A. mackerrasi</i>. We have assumed that the diagnostic features of the head of this species that were not described by Paramonov are the same as <i>A. mackerrasi</i>. The distinctive grey bands on the abdominal tergites make the species easy to distinguish from all other species in the group.</p>Published as part of <i>Yeates, David K. & Oberprieler, Stefanie K., 2013, Review of the Australian Apiocera minor Norris species-group (Diptera: Apioceridae) with a revised key to species, pp. 195-209 in Zootaxa 3680 (1)</i> on page 199, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3680.1.13, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/218744">http://zenodo.org/record/218744</a>
Parageron Paramonov 1929
No full textGenus <i>Parageron</i> Paramonov, 1929 Type species <p> <i>Parageron orientalis</i> Paramonov, 1929 by monotypy.</p> Diagnosis <p> Rather delicate pale yellow species (<i>Par. erythraeus</i> darker), male eyes holoptic (or very narrowly separated in <i>Par. erythraeus</i>) with upper facets enlarged. The single feature differentiating this genus from all others in <i>Parageron</i> s. lat. is the presence of a round blackish (sometimes velvety) spot placed on the thoracic suture above the notopleuron (see TSS in Gibbs 2011: fig. 2).</p> Etymology <p> ‘Near <i>Geron</i> ’, referring to similarity with the genus <i>Geron</i> (from ‘Para’, ‘Παρά’ Greek prefix = ‘near’ and ‘ <i>geron</i> ’, from Greek ‘γέρων’ = ‘old man’).</p> Included species <p> <i>Parageron erythraeus</i> (Greathead, 1967)</p> <p> <i>Parageron lutescens</i> (Bezzi, 1925)</p> <p> <i>Parageron longilingua</i> sp. nov.</p> <p> <i>Parageron orientalis</i> Paramonov, 1929</p>Published as part of <i>Gibbs, David, 2023, A world review of the bee fly tribe Usiini (Diptera, Bombyliidae) - Part 3: Parageron Paramonov s. lat., pp. 1-162 in European Journal of Taxonomy 863 (1)</i> on page 35, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.863.2081, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7767958">http://zenodo.org/record/7767958</a>
Merodon flavitibius Paramonov 1926
No full text<i>Merodon Flavitibius</i> Paramonov, 1926 <p> <i>Merodon isperensis</i> Hurkmans, 1993 (as subspecies of <i>M. aberrans</i>) <b>syn. n.</b></p> <p> “ <i>Merodon aberrans</i> Egg. var. <i>flavitibius</i> nova” Paramonow, 1926: 153.</p> <p> <i>Type locality</i>: Armenia. Original description was based on an unknown number of syntypes, two of them were located in the Paramonov’s collection (SIZK, examined): <i>Lectotype</i>: male with labels: [N 317], [Инаклю (= Inaklyu, modern Antarut village, 40.35N, 44.266667E, asl 1450 m) / Эчмиадз. у. (= Echmiadzin (modern Vagharshapat) District) / Эрив. г. (= Yerevan Region, <b>Armenia</b>) 17.vii.24.], [<i>Merodon aberrans</i> Eger / var. <i>flavitibius</i> / var. nov. ♂ Typus / Paramonov. d.] (SIZK). <i>Paralectotype</i>: female with labels: [N 318], [г. Карны-Ярых (KarnyMount Yarykh, = Mount Ara, 40.4056N 44.4522E, asl 2614 m) / Эчмиадз. у. / Эрив. г. (= Yerevan Region, <b>Armenia</b>) 26.vii.24.], [<i>Merodon</i> / <i>aberrans</i> Egg. / var. <i>flavitibius</i> / var. nov. ♀ Typus / Paramonov d.] (SIZK).</p> <p> <i>Note</i>. In the original description, only the type locality is given, namely “Patria: Armenia ”. The exact number of types is unknown, as it is not specified by the author of the species (Paramonow, 1926: 153). The types were considered lost (Liepa, 1969: 20; Hurkmans, 1993: 205). In Peck (1988: 166), taxon was given as subspecies <i>Merodon aberrans flavitibius</i> Paramanov (sic!), 1926, according to article 45g (II) ICZN (1985). Hurkmans (1993: 176) also left the subspecific rank for the taxon. He also erroneously indicated that Paramonov published the name with a subspecies status (ibid.). We designate here the male as the lectotype, and the female as the paralectotype.</p>Published as part of <i>Vujić, Ante, Radenković, Snežana, Tubić, Nataša Kočiš, Likov, Laura, Popov, Grigory, Rojo, Santos & Miličić, Marija, 2023, Integrative taxonomy of the Merodon aberrans (Diptera, Syrphidae) species group: distribution patterns and description of three new species, pp. 51-96 in Contributions to Zoology 92 (1)</i> on page 64, DOI: 10.1163/18759866-BJA10037, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/8349804">http://zenodo.org/record/8349804</a>
Usia aeneoides Paramonov 1950
No full text<i>Usia aeneoides</i> Paramonov, 1950 <p>(Plate XVIII)</p> <p> <i>Usia aeneoides</i> Paramonov, 1950: 369.</p> <p> <i>Usia aenea</i> Rossi var.: Becker, 1906b: 214.</p> <p> <b>Type material examined.</b> Type locality <b>Spain</b>. The lectotype, designated by Zaitzev & Kandybina (1983), is in ZIS and it had not proved possible to visit or to borrow the specimen or obtain photographs. However, Paramonov’s description is quite adequate to be certain that the non-type material examined in this study belongs to this taxon.</p> <p> <b>Other material examined. Spain</b>, Andalucia, Cortija del Alcazar, 990–1200m, N36°55′15″ W4°5′18″, 9 June 2006, leg. D.J. Gibbs [10♂ 12♀] (PCDG); El Pardo [Madrid], Arias Encobet/ 11June 1905 / M.N.C.N, Madrid [♂]; El Pardo [Madrid], Arias Encobet/ 1906/ M.N.C.N, Madrid [♀]; Torre del Vinagre, 0 6 July [19]88/ Sierra de Cazorla, Jaen España, Col. C.M. Herrera/ <i>Usia aenea</i>, Rossi, A. Sanchez-Terrón det./ M.N.C.N, Madrid [♀]; 4 June 1963, Province Madrid, El Chorro, Leg. T.W. Tolman [♂] (MNCN).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> from Latin <i>aeneus</i> meaning “bronzy” + - <i>oides</i> meaning resembling.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> A medium sized, compact, exceptionally short-haired species endemic to Iberia. An all black species, in natural light with a clear bluish hue, nearly all hairs on head, thorax and legs very short and black to dark brown, longer yellow hairs on abdomen laterally and gonocoxite. Occiput densely grey dusted, oral margin very narrow, frons relatively narrow, with longitudinal and diagonal grooves. Mesonotal cuticle with strong serrate punctures that give it a very rough appearance, few smooth shining areas away from paramedian vittae. Wings in most specimens with clear pattern of yellow base, brown mid-anterior patch and clear tip and trailing edge. Genitalia large and prominent, lateral horn-like projections of gonostylus usually readily seen and rule out all but <i>U. similis</i> Paramonov. Furca with distinct step between ‘arms’ and apical part.</p> <p> <b>Redescription. Measurements</b>. <i>Body length</i>. 4.3–6.0mm. <i>Wing length</i>. 3.9–5.2mm.</p> <p> <b>Male</b>. <i>Head</i>. Oral margin very narrow, linear, disappearing below, shining black to brownish, narrower than tip of palps. Frons black, shining but conspicuously grooved diagonally in hind half, more shallowly so between dust spots, rather matt due to microsulpture. Anterolateral grey dust spots occupying most of width of frons, black, subshining middle strip narrower than each duster area. Eyes separated at their narrowest by about one sixth to one seventh head width, a little more than width across lateral ocelli inclusive, almost parallel in hind half, abruptly widening then continuing almost parallel to insertion of proboscis. Lateral ocellus separated from the eye margin by the diameter of that ocellus or slightly more. Ocellar tubercle shining, undusted, minute black setulae less than diameter of a lateral ocellus, frons in front of anterior ocellus glabrous. Occiput densely grey dusted, the black ground colour obscured including on most of the triangular depressed area behind ocellar tubercle. A fairly even covering of short black hairs across the dusted area, shorter and more even above, significantly longer close to lower oral margin. Ommatidia uniform in size across the eyes. Antennae black, third segment, almost longer than twice length of scape and pedicel together, parallel sided, sensilla inconspicuous, translucent brownish. All antennal segments with minute brown setulae above. Palps small, black, slightly browner basally, clavate tip wider than oral margin, the dark apical setae about half as long as the length of the palps. Proboscis shorter than headthorax length, black, dorsally hairless. <i>Thorax</i>. Mesonotum shining black with faint bluish hue under natural light, grey dusting on post-pronotal lobe and adjacent parts of mesonotum, notopleuron near suture and above wing root. Disc densely punctate, the individual punctures raised and stellate, often coalescing to create a rough texture to cuticle. On disc any areas of smooth shining cuticle small and usually cross-striated. Paramedian vittae usually traceable by their different surface sculpture, faintly transversely striate and hardly punctured, extending from anterior slope of thorax almost to wing insertions. Mesonotal vestiture very short, black setulae only readily visible on notopleuron and above wings, even shorter ones on anterior slope, disc essentially hairless but in some tiny dark setulae present barely longer than diameter of a puncture. Acrostichal punctures between the bare paramedian vittae in about 3–4 irregular rows. Scutellar punctuation and hairing as adjacent parts of mesonotum, looks naked but tiny black setulae often present. Pleurae uniformly grey dusted largely obscuring ground colour, except for the anterior, dorsal and posterior margins of anepisternum and a small median patch on anepimeron which are shining black. Short black setulae like those on notopleuron on posterior third of the anepisternum. <i>Wing</i>. Membrane with distinct brown markings extending from costa to vein M and faintly to Cu, distally to end of subcostal cell and just beyond r-m, contrasting with yellow base proximal to the humeral crossvein. Veins all dark brown except proximal to humeral crossvein where they are paler, yellowish. Crossvein r-m a little before the middle of discal cell, conspicuously beyond dm-cu. Anal lobe relatively narrow, trailing edge straighter proximally, convex medially, a little over half the width of anal cell. <i>Haltere</i>. Yellow, base of stem slightly brownish. <i>Legs</i>. Coxae black with a coating of grey dust like that on the pleurae. Remainder of legs black, undusted, shining below the setulae. Coxae externally with rather sparse short, black hairs, femora ventrally with short brown hairs, shorter than depth of tibia, hardly different from dorsal hairs. Tibia rather densely covered with short, recumbent, yellow-brown setulae. <i>Abdomen</i>. All tergites shining black, often with faint bluish reflections, slight dusting on down-curved margins, only obvious on first tergite. Each tergite densely punctured, the punctures tuberculate, often joined to neighbours by transverse ridges, each puncture with a tiny brown setae, hardly longer than width of a puncture. Apical rim of each tergite narrowly impunctate, smooth and shining. Sternites grey dusted, faintly punctate, with relatively long, erect pale yellow hairs. <i>Genitalia</i>. Large and globular, occupying much of underside of abdomen. Epandrium flaskshaped with rather triangular apicolateral blunt extensions, longer than wide, mostly shining black, the cuticle with simple punctures, evenly coated with short pale yellow hairs. Gonocoxite approximately square, shining black, orange-yellow apically where gonostyli articulate. Apicolaterally the gonocoxite has a conspicuous blunt ‘thumb’- like process surmounted by a brush of golden hairs. Gonostyli ‘T’-shaped with an inner, basal lobe, apex of epiphallus with two divergent, paddle-shaped lobes that can often be seen in pinned specimens.</p> <p> <b>Female</b>. As male except as follows: oral margin significantly broader, but still disappearing below. Frons noticeably wider, about one-sixth head width, lateral ocelli separated from eye margin by about twice their diameter, diverging more evenly from vertex. Diagonal grooves in front of anterior ocellus deeper and minute setulae on front of frons between grey dust spots more apparent. Abdomen tends to be more aeneous with coppery, gold and even red reflections (incandescent light). <i>Genitalia</i>. Tip of abdomen coming to a rounded point; apical tergites much less densely punctate. Apical sternite almost square, rather large and convex, apical notch very small, barely visible. Furca pigmented, the arms long and attached to the apical part at a distinct step, lacks any pigmented vaginal plate.</p> <p> <b>Discussion.</b> This very distinctive species is clearly a sibling species of <i>U. similis</i> Paramonov which has closely similar male and female genitalia and much the same general appearance. Its relationship to other <i>Usia</i> species is less obvious, while it shares the same wing pattern with <i>U. aenea</i> (Rossi), there is little else in common with this species.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Endemic to Iberia and so far only found in Spain from Madrid south to Andalucia. Specimens in collections are rather few so seems to be a local species but can occur in large numbers when found.</p>Published as part of <i>Gibbs, David, 2014, A world revision of the bee fly tribe Usiini (Diptera, Bombyliidae) Part 2: Usia sensu stricto, pp. 1-85 in Zootaxa 3799 (1)</i> on pages 68-70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3799.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/286090">http://zenodo.org/record/286090</a>
Johnmannia tasmanica Paramonov
No full textJohnmannia tasmanica (Paramonov) (Figs 2, 6, 8) Eupsilocephala singula Mann, 1928: 159. Mannia tasmanica Paramonov, 1950: 526; Liepa, 1969: 12. Johnmannia tasmanica Irwin & Lyneborg, 1989: 357. Material Examined. AUSTRALIA: Tasmania. 1 Ψ (ANIC 29 003419), A. Simson (SAM); 1 Ψ (UQIC 040944) Holwell Gorge State Forest, 40 ° 15 ' 32 "S, 46 ° 46 ' 15 "E, 20.xii. 1998 – 9.i. 1999, Malaise trap across creek, J. & A. Skevington (UQIC); 1 Ψ (MEI 108917), Lake St. Clair [42 °04'S, 146 ° 10 'E], Dec. 1963, K.L. Taylor; 1 Ψ (ANIC 29 003418), Warra Long Term Ecological Research Site 106. Grid: 744282, LTIS 8211, [43 °04'S, 146 ° 40 'E], Malaise trap, 14.i 12.xii. 1998 (ANIC). Diagnosis. Wings (Fig. 6 I) with dark reddishbrown opaque triangular basal band; hyaline basomedially; triangulate very dark reddishbrown opaque line medially; apical half of wing dark brown, paler posteriorly, paler within cells. Frons (Fig. 6 H) without silver pruinescence, deep broad medial concavity without silver pruinescence. Face with dense, gold pruinescence laterally from antennae along inner eye margin, absent medially, broadening ventrally on gena covering anteriorly directed triangular flange of gena at base of compound eye. Occiput glossy black dorsally (Fig. 6 H). Scutum without lateral silver pruinescent stripes. Tarsomeres without basal orange band (Fig. 6 A). Female S 8 (Fig. 6 F) quadrate (1.1 x as long as wide). Redescription. Female (Fig. 6 A). Wing length: ca. 9.5–11 mm. Similar to Johnmannia powerae sp. nov., except: dark. Head. Ocellar triangle with 12–16 short, dark, setae; frons (Fig. 6 H) narrow (3.0 x width of median ocellus), deep broad medial concavity without silver pruinescence; lower frons with dark reddish brown to black callus, paler light brown medial line ventrally in paler specimens, fine line of matte redbrown pruinescence around base of antennae extending dorsally to surround interantennal groove. Face (Fig. 6 H) with dense, gold pruinescence laterally from antennae along inner eye margin, absent medially, broadening ventrally on gena. Occiput glabrous, glossy black dorsally (Fig. 6 H), indistinct row of dark postocular setae almost length of ocellar triangle from compound eye, dense, gold pruinescence laterally and medially, absent dorsally. Gena overlain with dense, gold pruinescence; laterally flattened, triangular flange of gena (Fig. 6 B) at base of compound eye distinct, anteriorly directed. Labellum reddishbrown to black. Antenna (Fig. 6 B, C) dark, short (antennae/head = 1.1), scape shorter than postpedicel (scape/postpedicel = 0.8), black; pedicel black; postpedicel longer than pedicel and scape combined (postpedicel/ pedicel = 5.4), black cylinder, with dense, reddishgold pruinescence. Thorax dark. Scutum reflective metallic dark blue, laterally dark reddishbrown to black, without silver pruinescence; postpronotum dark red to black; post alar callus dark reddishbrown to black. Lateral silver pruinescent stripes absent; indistinct gold pruinescence in suture between scutum and scutellum. Scutellum black, reflective metallic dark blue. Pleuron glossy with reddishgold pruinescence (Fig. 6 B) on extreme ventral margin of proepisternum and antepronotum, dorsal, ventral and posterior margin of anepisternum, katepisternum, and proepimeron, and anepimeron anteromedially. Less setation; fine black setae on postpronotum, proepisternum, and antepronotum; short fine setae on anepisternum posteriorly and dorsally, absent from katepisternum. Legs black; tarsomeres without basal orange band. Hind legs longer (Fig. 6 A) (hind femur/mid femur 1.2). Wing (Fig. 6 A, I) dark infuscation, dark reddishbrown opaque triangular basal band. Triangulate, very dark reddishbrown, opaque line between apex of Sc and R 1, extending to CuA 2 A 1 join, over mcu crossvein and CuA 2; over apex of bm and br, indistinct posteriorly. From this line on apical half of wing dark brown, paler posteriorly and within cells. Halter stem and knob dark reddishbrown to black. Abdomen dark, very dark reddishbrown to black. Genitalia: T 8 (Fig. 6 G); furca (Fig. 6 D); S 10 diamondshaped, narrowed posteriorly, rounded anteriorly; S 8 (Fig. 6 F) quadrate (1.1 x as long as wide), broadest apically; spermathecal duct join individual spermathecal sac duct less than length of furca from spermathecal sac duct join; spermathecal sac (Fig. 6 E) joining common spermathecal sac duct together at length of furca from anterior margin of furca; shorter ovoid median spermathecal sac (Fig. 6 E) (1.2 x length of furca) with shorter narrow tube (length of furca) to smaller oval lobe (1.4 x length of furca); pair of larger ovoid outer spermathecal sacs (Fig. 6 E) (2.0 x length of furca) with shorter narrow tube (length of furca) to smaller round lobe (1.5 x length of furca). Male. Unknown. Distribution. Tasmania. Comments. The Holotype and Paratype described by Paramonov and supposedly placed in the NMV (Liepa 1969; Paramonov 1950) have not been found, in any collection. The specimen ANIC 29 0 0 3419 collected by Simson (SAM) was used as a basis for a redescription of Eupsilocephala singula (Mann 1928) and was examined by Paramonov and noted in his description of tasmanica (Paramonov 1950). The identification of the species is not in question and therefore a neotype designation is unnecessary. The specimen from Holwell Gorge State Forest (UQIC 040944) has a distinct pruinescent patch ventrally on the apex of the mid femur (Fig. 6 J). Less distinct pruinescence is found in the same area on the other femora of the same specimen. This pruinescence was not observed on other Johnmannia.Published as part of Lambkin, Christine L., Recsei, Jacqueline M. & Yeates, David K., 2005, Systematic revision of Johnmannia Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae): Atypical metallic stiletto flies from Australian mesic habitats, pp. 1-28 in Zootaxa 866 on pages 16-17, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17086
Merodon femoratoides Paramonov 1925
No full text<i>Merodon femoratoides</i> Paramonov, 1925 <p> <b>Material examined.</b> 1 3, quarry below Akrasi, 7.vi.2010, leg. G.E. Rotheray; 1 Ƥ, east Kalloni bay, salt marsh, 29.v.2010, leg. G. Wilkinson [NMS].</p> <p> <b>Notes.</b> Larva undescribed.</p>Published as part of <i>Ricarte, Antonio, Nedeljković, Zorica, Rotheray, Graham E., Lyszkowski, Richard M., Hancock, Geoffrey, Watt, Kenneth, Hewitt, Stephen M., Horsfield, David & Wilkinson, Geoffrey, 2012, Syrphidae (Diptera) from the Greek island of Lesvos, with description of two new species, pp. 1-23 in Zootaxa 3175</i> on page 14, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/213390">10.5281/zenodo.213390</a>
Apiocera australis Paramonov 1953
No full text<i>Apiocera australis</i> Paramonov 1953: 474. <p> <b>Diagnosis</b> A small, elongate, grey and black species. Proboscis 0.8 x length of fore tibia, flagellum 2 x longer than maximum width, costa ending at M veins, vein M3+CuA1 absent, M2 present, becoming pale towards wing margin. Abdomen black with lateral grey markings extending from posterior margin of tergite towards anterior margin on tergites 1-4, and extending from anterior margin towards posterior on tergites 5-6 (like <i>A. microeremia</i>, Fig. 17).</p>Published as part of <i>Yeates, David K. & Oberprieler, Stefanie K., 2013, Review of the Australian Apiocera minor Norris species-group (Diptera: Apioceridae) with a revised key to species, pp. 195-209 in Zootaxa 3680 (1)</i> on page 198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3680.1.13, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/218744">http://zenodo.org/record/218744</a>
Parageron orientalis Paramonov 1929, stat. rev.
No full text<i>Parageron orientalis</i> Paramonov, 1929 stat. rev. <p>Figs 3, 27, 38</p> <p> <i>Parageron orientalis</i> Paramonov, 1929: 189 (127).</p> Etymology <p> From Latin ‘ <i>orientis</i> ’ meaning ‘morning’ or ‘east’.</p> <p> <b>Type material</b> (not examined, photo only)</p> <p> <b>Holotype</b></p> <p> TURKMENISTAN • ♂; “Bachaselin, piap., Askhabad, Transcaspia, 10 July 1926 / <i>Parageron orientalis</i> n.gen. et sp ♂ Typus Paramonov/N276.”; SIKZ. [Good quality photos only from Valery Korneyev.]</p> Other material examined <p>IRAN • 1 ♂; “Ghazvin, Barajin 8km N of city, 1512m, N36°20’50” E50°4’15” 13 June 2009 pan trap Leg. Babak Gharali”; PCDG • 1 ♀; “Tarom City, Olive research station, N36°40’ E49°25’, 339m, 30 June 2009, pan trap, Leg Babak Gharali”; PCDG.</p> Redescription <p>MEASUREMENTS. Body length: 6.0 mm. Wing length: 3.4–4.5 mm.</p> <p>Very little variation in the three specimens examined. Descriptions from pinned specimens recovered from spirit so colours my differ a little from fresh material.</p> <p> <b>Male</b></p> <p>HEAD. Gena relatively broad, at level of proboscis wider than depth of postpedicel, broadening out onto frons, entirely pale yellow in ground colour with thin coating of white dust, a slightly shinier border to the oral opening below. Frons in dorsal view acute, drawn into narrow point between eyes a few short silky-white hairs longer than the general pile. Eyes confluent for about twice the width across hind ocellus, about seven facets. Ocellar tubercle dark brown, more blackish adjacent to ocelli, thinly grey dusted, all ocelli narrowly but distinctly separated from eyes; a narrow, acute yellow triangle in front of front ocellus. Distinct, fairly long, very pale yellow proclinate hairs on ocellar tubercle at least twice as long as diameter of a lateral ocellus. Eye facets in the upper three fifths enlarged, at least twice the size of those in lower part, rather sharply demarcated. Occiput darker yellow than frons, infuscated above neck and along seams of occipital callosities, thinly whitish dusted and covered with fine white hairs longer than length of scape and pedicel combined. Antennae with scape and pedicel yellow, a little darker than frons, postpedicel variably brownish to brown-yellow a little darker than pedicel, significantly longer than scape and pedicel together. The tip of postpedicel simply pointed, almost devoid of hairs, subapical sulcus small and inconspicuous. Scape and pedicel with fine white hairs dorsally and externally. Palps small and slender, not swollen apically, pale yellow with short yellowish hairs. Proboscis relatively long, longer than femur and tibia combined, and about three times head length, yellow, labrum conspicuously swollen basally equal to twice width of pedicel, becoming darker apically, labium contrastingly black, the basoventral membrane yellow.</p> <p>THORAX. Yellow in ground colour, mesonotum with three broad black vittae, sometimes clearly but narrowly separated by yellow dorsocentral lines, the mid-vittae continuing back to the scutellum, antehumeral vittae shorter, all dulled by a coating of whitish-grey dust. On each side of the thorax are dust-free, velvety, roundish to elongate-oval black spots on the thoracic suture. Just behind the suture and above the wing base is a vague, roundish dark spot. Hairs of mesonotum very pale yellow, narrowly absent on paramedian vittae, otherwise evenly distributed, relatively short and uniform in length, longest about half length of scutellum, anteriorly reclinate to upright, in hind third proclinate. Scutellum yellow, a little paler than adjacent yellow parts of mesonotum, very pale yellow hairs very similar to those on mesonotum. Pleura yellow in ground colour, katepisternum black ventrally, meron black posteroventrally, anepisternum with a darker, brownish antero-ventral corner, all thinly white dusted. Pronotum and anepisternum with white hairs like those on notopleuron, other pleural sclerites hairless.</p> <p>WING. Membrane hyaline, the veins yellow, becoming browner distally and towards hind margin. Crossvein r-m at or a little before middle of the discal cell, well beyond m-cu. Anal lobe well developed with evenly convex margin, noticeably broader than anal cell.</p> <p>HALTERE. Knob whitish with a faint yellow suffusion dorsally, stem yellowish, very slightly darker at base.</p> <p>LEGS. Predominantly yellow except for apical tarsal segments which become progressively darker to fifth segment. Hind coxae vaguely brown-marked basally. Claws yellow basally with well demarcated black apical half. Legs covered with short pale yellow hairs, longest on the coxae and femora, very short and adpressed on tibia and tarsi. Basal three tarsal segments and mid- and hind-tibia apically with black spicules ventrally.</p> <p>ABDOMEN. Basal tergite yellow with distinctly whiter apical margin, remaining tergites brown on disc, yellow apically and laterally. All tergites very pale yellow dusted, less densely than on mesonotum with mid-length pale hairs those on disc of mid-tergites about as long as the respective tergite, laterally hairs hardly longer, hairs tending to be distinctly curved towards the tip of the abdomen. Sternites similar but lacking dark brown colour basally but mostly creamy-yellow, hairing as tergites, or a little shorter.</p> <p>GENITALIA. Mostly brownish yellow, gonocoxite basally a little darker, gonostyli darkened apically. Hairing similar to tergites but shorter. [Only dissected male available so colours of epandrium and gonocoxite may differ in dry specimens, dusting not discernible.]</p> <p> <b>Female</b></p> <p>Very like male in colour and patterning, but vestiture generally shorter on head, mesonotum and abdomen, most obviously so on tergites. Gena and mouth margin almost identical to male, but broadening more widely towards frons. Frons about one fifth to a quarter head width, conspicuously narrowing towards vertex, yellow centrally with some brown patches, paler yellow along eye margin anteriorly, hairs very short and largely adpressed. Ocellar triangle equilateral to slightly acute, hind ocelli separated from eye margin by about twice the diameter of that ocellus. Hairs on ocellar tubercle a little longer than those on adjacent part of frons.</p> Remarks <p> Engel (1932) synonymised this species with <i>Par. lutescens</i> Bezzi. He wrote that he had compared a female specimen borrowed from Paramonov with a female example of <i>Par. lutescens</i> sent by Professor Efflatoun Bey and concluded [translated from original German]: “It resembles the female <i>Parageron orientalis</i> Param …..so completely that the identity of both species cannot be doubted”. In his work on the Usiini Paramonov (1947) stated that he considered this action to be premature, going on to point out several clear differences that Engel (1932) seems to have dismissed. Unfortunately, Paramonov’s opinion was ignored and thus <i>Par. orientalis</i> has remained a synonym since Engel (1932) sunk it.</p> <p> Had the male aedeagus been examined then this conflation could never have happened. On receiving specimens from Iran that were clearly identical in external appearance to the photos of the type of <i>Par. orientalis</i> in Kiev, it was immediately apparent that this was not only a good species, but clearly distinct from <i>Par. lutescens</i>.</p> Distribution <p>Northern Iran, southern Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.</p>Published as part of <i>Gibbs, David, 2023, A world review of the bee fly tribe Usiini (Diptera, Bombyliidae) - Part 3: Parageron Paramonov s. lat., pp. 1-162 in European Journal of Taxonomy 863 (1)</i> on pages 47-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.863.2081, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7767958">http://zenodo.org/record/7767958</a>
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Usia transcaspica Paramonov 1950
No full text<i>Usia transcaspica</i> Paramonov, 1950 <p>(Plate X)</p> <p> <i>Usia transcaspica</i> Paramonov, 1950: 351.</p> <p> <b>Type material examined.</b> HOLOTYPE; <b>Turkmenistan</b>, Transcaspia mont, Kopet-dag Tshulli, 21–25 May 1913, A. Hohlbeck / 1104/ <i>Usia transcaspica</i> sp. nov. S. Paramonov det. ♀ / <i>Holotypus</i> / Zool. Mus. Berlin [♀ in ZMHB].</p> <p> <b>Other material examined.</b> <b>Turkey</b>, Adiyaman, Nemrutdagi, 1500–2100m, 1 June 1985, ♂ (leg. H. v. Oorschot) (PCJD); <b>Armenia</b>, 7km N Armash, 2 July 1959, ♀ (leg. L. Zimina) (ZMUM); <b>Iran</b>, Ghazvin, 1463m, road to Abazar village, N36°17′ E50°10′, pan trap, 16–17 June 2009, Leg. Babak Gharali [♂♀] (PCDG).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> named for the type locality east of the Caspian Sea.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Perhaps one of the most readily identified <i>Usia</i> species, superficially more reminiscent of some <i>Parageron</i>. A strikingly marked black and yellow species, Both sexes easily identified by the combination of shining black disc of mesonotum, densely grey dusted marginally, largely undusted, shining black tergites with broad yellow apical margins and legs yellow but for blackish apical tarsomeres. Similarly patterned species of <i>Parageron</i> always have densely dusted or at least matt second to terminal visible tergite and all sympatric species have densely grey dusted disc of mesonotum.</p> <p> <b>Redescription. Measurements</b>. <i>Body length</i>. 3.7–6.0mm. <i>Wing length</i>. 3.3–5.2mm.</p> <p> <b>Male</b>. <i>Head</i>. Oral margin narrow but quite prominent above oral margin, disappearing below in lateral view, shining brown. Frons blackish in ground colour, sometimes paler medially adjacent to eye margin, grey-dusted except for small rounded shining patch, on some extending forward of antennal bases. Eyes separated at their narrowest by between one sixth and one fifth head width, about equal to width across lateral ocelli inclusive. Lateral ocellus separated from the eye margin by about half to two thirds the diameter of that ocellus. Ocellar tubercle shining, thinly dusted, subshining, eye margins in front of anterior ocellus diverging slightly, then relatively abruptly before continuing parallel to insertion of proboscis, there diverging to rear of oral opening. Fine white hairs on ocellar tubercle short, barely longer than space between lateral ocelli, frons in front of anterior ocellus glabrous. Occiput black in ground, often browner below close to oral opening, densely grey dusted, except small triangular area behind ocellar tubercle which is thinly dusted. Upper part of occiput with fairly dense covering of fine white hairs with conspicuously procurved tips, the hairs thinning out and becoming shorter below, opposite to the usual condition in <i>Usia</i>. Ommatidia uniform in size across the eyes. Antennae black, sometimes yellower on scape and pedicel, third segment, a little less than twice length of scape and pedicel together, narrow swollen below basally, narrowing apically, sensilla white. All antennal segments with very short fine white setulae above. Palps relatively long, yellow, barely clavate tip a little wider than oral margin, short white hairs below, those on tip hardly longer than width of palp a widest point. Proboscis relatively long, approximately equal to headthorax length, black, dorsally hairless. <i>Thorax</i>. Mesonotum with a shining black patch on disc of variable extent, broadly grey dusted on anterior slope of mesonotum outside paramedian vittae, leaving a shining black stripe extending to the pronotum or almost so, post-pronotal lobe, notopleuron along thoracic suture, above wing root, prohumeral area and rear quarter to third of disc up to scutellum. Disc finely punctured, the hair insertions well separated by smooth shining cuticle. Paramedian vittae can be distinct, impunctate and finely transversely striated, reaching to wing insertions, or almost invisible. Mesonotum clothed with fairly long, fine silky white vestiture, erect to slightly reclinate, tending to proclinate close to scutellum, hairs as long as those on upper occiput. Laterally the hairs are longer and erect or inclined inwards. Acrostichal hairs between the bare paramedian vittae multiserial, entirely erect to slightly reclinate, widening slightly posteriorly, dorsocentrals not distinguishable from the general vestiture. Scutellum dusted as adjacent parts of mesonotum, hairing as mesonotum, cuticle smooth, unwrinkled. Pleurae uniformly grey dusted largely obscuring ground colour, except for a small area of shining cuticle on anepisternum anterodorsal in some individuals. Fine white hairs, like those on mesonotum, on pronotum and upper half of the anepisternum. <i>Wing</i>. Membrane clear, lacking any infuscation, veins all yellow, darkening slightly distally. Crossvein r-m at or a little before the middle of discal cell, conspicuously beyond dm-cu. Anal lobe well developed, with strongly curved trailing edge, wider than anal cell. <i>Haltere</i>. Yellow, base of stem slightly brownish. <i>Legs</i>. Coxae brown, becoming blacker basally, with a coating of grey dust like that on the pleurae. Remainder of legs yellow, undusted, shining below the setulae, except tip of basitarsus and apical tarsal segments which are dark brown to blackish. Coxae externally covered with moderately long, white hairs, especially apically. Femora, tibia and tarsi covered with short setulae, even those on femora shorter than width of tibia. <i>Abdomen</i>. All tergites shining black on disc with broad yellow apical margins that continue on to down-curved margin where it narrows slightly, tergite one thinly dusted laterally. Each tergite densely punctate, the punctures somewhat transverse forming a surface sculpture that gives the appearance of transverse striations. Disc uniformly and densely covered with fine, pale yellow, recumbent hairs, longer and more erect laterally. Sternites blackish brown with thin grey dusting, faintly punctuation almost invisible, with fairly long, recumbent pale yellow hairs. <i>Genitalia</i>. Relatively large and conspicuous, elongate. Epandrium yellow with apicolateral extensions bluntly pointed, the tips black, in dorsal view apical margin rectangularly emarginated, shining, the cuticle distinctly punctate evenly coated short pale yellow hairs. Gonocoxite about twice as broad as long, dusky basally, yellow in apical half, the tips curving towards each other but well separated, haired as epandrium, gonostyli slightly curved, truncate with basal ‘thumb’ and an external ‘step’.</p> <p> <b>Female</b>. As male except as follows: oral margin decidedly broader, more convex but still disappearing below. Frons a little wider, about one-fifth head width, a little wider than distance across lateral ocelli. Mesonotal vestiture often slightly shorter. One female from Armenia with black coxae, trochanter and all but tip of femora. <i>Genitalia</i>. Tip of abdomen coming to a rounded point; apical sternite rather rectangular, yellow, the basal part partially divided from the main part, no apical notch present but short median projection. Main part of apical sternite with raised basal boss, sclerite clothed with very short white hairs. Furca typical of the group, with rounded tip sometimes with short spine apically, arms long, conspicuous rectangular, dark-pigmented vaginal plate.</p> <p> <b>Discussion.</b> This very distinctive species is by far the most differentiated of the <i>lata</i> -group. Apart from the very obvious pattern of yellow, it has more extensive mesonotal dusting, longer occipital hairs above than below, smoother more finely punctured mesonotum and scutellum and broader anal lobe than in other species. In the latter two characters it approaches the condition seen in some <i>Parageron</i> with similar abdominal pattern. However, the male and female genitalia clearly place it in the <i>lata</i> -group and lack the diagnostic characters of <i>Parageron</i> so the similarities with <i>Parageron</i> are coincidental.</p> <p>Only five specimens have been seen which exhibit considerable variation in size, extent of mesonotal dusting and leg colour in the females. When much more material becomes available it will be worth looking to see if there is more than one species involved. However, amongst the four dissected specimens there no clear evidence of more than a single species.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Armenia, western Iran, eastern Turkey and Turkmenistan, poorly studied areas but does not appear to be very common.</p>Published as part of <i>Gibbs, David, 2014, A world revision of the bee fly tribe Usiini (Diptera, Bombyliidae) Part 2: Usia sensu stricto, pp. 1-85 in Zootaxa 3799 (1)</i> on pages 45-47, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3799.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/286090">http://zenodo.org/record/286090</a>
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