1,720,956 research outputs found
Dual-use technologies in biological weapons development and ethical considerations
No full textTehnologije dvojne namjene javljaju se u kontekstu istraživanja bioloških i sličnih znanosti gdje
se takve tehnologije mogu koristiti u dobre, ali i u loše svrhe (poput razvoja biološkog oružja).
Biološko oružje gotovo je staro koliko i čovječanstvo, gdje bi se kroz povijest protivnicima
bacali leševi u bunare s pitkom vodom kako bi se izazvale bolesti, a danas se to svodi na
molekularnoj biologiji gdje se ona može iskoristiti i u svrhe izrade biološkog oružja. Što se tiče
etike, istraživanje u području tehnologija dvojne namjene je moralno problematično budući da s
jedne strane, takvo istraživanje daje koristi (ili barem potencijalno), a s druge strane, postoji rizik
od zlouporabe takvog istraživanja. NATO-va analiza strateškog predviđanja obuhvaća glavne
buduće prijetnje u segmentu politike, društva, ekonomije, tehnologije i ekologije do 2035.
godine.Dual-use technologies appear in the context of research in biological and similar sciences where
such technologies can be used for good as well as for bad purposes (such as the development of
biological weapons). Biological weapons are almost as old as humanity, where throughout
history corpses of opponents would be thrown into wells with drinking water to cause disease,
and today it boils down to molecular biology where it can be used for the purpose of making
biological weapons. In terms of ethics, research on dual-use technology is morally problematic
since, on the one hand, such research provides benefits (or at least potentially), and on the other
hand, there is a risk of misuse of such research. NATO's strategic foresight analysis covers the
main future threats in the segment of politics, society, economy, technology and ecology until
2035
Dual-use technologies in biological weapons development and ethical considerations
No full textTehnologije dvojne namjene javljaju se u kontekstu istraživanja bioloških i sličnih znanosti gdje
se takve tehnologije mogu koristiti u dobre, ali i u loše svrhe (poput razvoja biološkog oružja).
Biološko oružje gotovo je staro koliko i čovječanstvo, gdje bi se kroz povijest protivnicima
bacali leševi u bunare s pitkom vodom kako bi se izazvale bolesti, a danas se to svodi na
molekularnoj biologiji gdje se ona može iskoristiti i u svrhe izrade biološkog oružja. Što se tiče
etike, istraživanje u području tehnologija dvojne namjene je moralno problematično budući da s
jedne strane, takvo istraživanje daje koristi (ili barem potencijalno), a s druge strane, postoji rizik
od zlouporabe takvog istraživanja. NATO-va analiza strateškog predviđanja obuhvaća glavne
buduće prijetnje u segmentu politike, društva, ekonomije, tehnologije i ekologije do 2035.
godine.Dual-use technologies appear in the context of research in biological and similar sciences where
such technologies can be used for good as well as for bad purposes (such as the development of
biological weapons). Biological weapons are almost as old as humanity, where throughout
history corpses of opponents would be thrown into wells with drinking water to cause disease,
and today it boils down to molecular biology where it can be used for the purpose of making
biological weapons. In terms of ethics, research on dual-use technology is morally problematic
since, on the one hand, such research provides benefits (or at least potentially), and on the other
hand, there is a risk of misuse of such research. NATO's strategic foresight analysis covers the
main future threats in the segment of politics, society, economy, technology and ecology until
2035
Dual-use technologies in biological weapons development and ethical considerations
No full textTehnologije dvojne namjene javljaju se u kontekstu istraživanja bioloških i sličnih znanosti gdje
se takve tehnologije mogu koristiti u dobre, ali i u loše svrhe (poput razvoja biološkog oružja).
Biološko oružje gotovo je staro koliko i čovječanstvo, gdje bi se kroz povijest protivnicima
bacali leševi u bunare s pitkom vodom kako bi se izazvale bolesti, a danas se to svodi na
molekularnoj biologiji gdje se ona može iskoristiti i u svrhe izrade biološkog oružja. Što se tiče
etike, istraživanje u području tehnologija dvojne namjene je moralno problematično budući da s
jedne strane, takvo istraživanje daje koristi (ili barem potencijalno), a s druge strane, postoji rizik
od zlouporabe takvog istraživanja. NATO-va analiza strateškog predviđanja obuhvaća glavne
buduće prijetnje u segmentu politike, društva, ekonomije, tehnologije i ekologije do 2035.
godine.Dual-use technologies appear in the context of research in biological and similar sciences where
such technologies can be used for good as well as for bad purposes (such as the development of
biological weapons). Biological weapons are almost as old as humanity, where throughout
history corpses of opponents would be thrown into wells with drinking water to cause disease,
and today it boils down to molecular biology where it can be used for the purpose of making
biological weapons. In terms of ethics, research on dual-use technology is morally problematic
since, on the one hand, such research provides benefits (or at least potentially), and on the other
hand, there is a risk of misuse of such research. NATO's strategic foresight analysis covers the
main future threats in the segment of politics, society, economy, technology and ecology until
2035
Gulf War Syndrome, Causes and Consequences
No full textPrvi zaljevski rat obilježio je početak suvremenog ratovanja u kompleksnom kemijsko, biološko,
radiološko, nuklearno (u nastavku: KBRN) kontaminiranom okruženju. Iz tog rata nastaje tzv.
sindrom Zaljevskog rata među veteranima koji su sudjelovali u njemu jer nisu imali dovoljno
razvijene taktike, tehnike i procedure KBRN obrane za prevenciju i izbjegavanje KBRN noksi, a
posebno za detekciju, prvu pomoć te fizičku zaštitu. Sindrom Zaljevskog rata predstavlja
najistaknutiji zdravstveni problem koji pogađa veterane Zaljevskog rata. To je ozbiljno stanje s
više simptoma koje pogađa najmanje četvrtinu od 697 000 američkih veterana. Neki od
problema koji se najčešće pojavljuju su problemi s pamćenjem i koncentracijom, kronične
glavobolje, raširena bol, gastrointestinalni problemi te razni drugi problemi koji se ne mogu
dobro objasniti utvrđenim dijagnozama.The First Gulf War marked the beginning of modern warfare in the complex chemical,
biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) contaminated environment. From that war arose the
so-called Gulf War Syndrome/Illness among the veterans who participated in it due to
insufficient tactics, techniques and procedures of the CBRN defense for the prevention and
avoidance of CBRN toxins, especially for detection, first aid and physical protection. Gulf War
Syndrome/Illness is the most prominent health problem affecting Gulf War veterans. It is a
serious, multi-symptom condition that affects at least a quarter of 697.000 U.S. veterans. Some
of the problems which occur most often are issues with memory and concentration, chronic
headaches, widespread pain, gastrointestinal problems and various other problems that cannot be
well explained by established diagnoses
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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