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Pharmacokinetic Interaction of Salbutamol Co-administered with Vasicine Isolated from Adhathoda vasica on Rabbit
Get PDFBackground: The study aims at the establishment of pharmacokinetic interaction between vasicine and salbutamol in low and high dose combinations on rabbits. Methods: Previously developed in vitro simultaneous estimation method of vasicine and salbutamol was further validated by recovery study in the spiked plasma sample. Pharmacokinetic interaction study was performed on the rabbit at 30 and 60 mg/kg vasicine administered with 2 and 4 mg/kg salbutamol orally based on literature reports. Vasicine and salbutamol were extracted from plasma up to 12 hr post drug administration, analyzed by HPLC and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Results: HPLC co-analysis of vasicine and salbutamol in the spiked plasma samples showed recovery in the range of 92.44 to 99.14% and RSD less than 1%. Vasicine showed the limit of quantification 136 ng/ml with interday and intraday variation less than 1% indicating reproducibility. Co-administration of vasicine and salbutamol significantly (p < 0.001) elevates elimination rate constant, decreases clearance, biological half-life and volume of distribution of salbutamol compared to administration alone. Salbutamol showed high (p < 0.001) clearance and AUC value, whereas vasicine showed significantly high (p < 0.01-0.001) elimination rate constant, clearance, volume of distribution and AUC when co-administered. Conclusions: Combined administration of vasicine and salbutamol has drastically increased the bioavailability of salbutamol though vasicine bioavailability was practically unchanged. This study signifies that concurrently administered salbutamol with vasicine can induce occurrence of serious life threatening adverse event may be due to additive vasodilatory effect
EFFICACY OF NATEGLINIDE AND PIOGLITAZONE COMBINATION THERAPY COMPARED WITH MONOTHERAPY ON DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY
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The effect of Macrotyloma uniflorum seed on bile lithogenicity against diet induced cholelithiasis on mice
No full textBackground: The seeds of Macrotyloma uniflorum Lam. (Family Fabaceae) contain extractable total and tannins with reported hepatoprotective, hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant activity. In this study, dietary M. uniflorum seed, methanolic and acetone extracts (ME and AE) were examined for their bile-antilithogenic potential.
Materials and Methods: Mice fed with 1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid lithogenic (LG) diet for 8 weeks resulted in cholesterol super saturation in gallbladder bile, which promotes the formation of cholesterol gallstones (CGSs).
Results: AE reduced the CGS incidence by 60.21%, and serum total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), very low density lipoprotein (LDL) and LDL compared to control animals. Seed extracts at 300 mg/kg dose markedly reduced biliary cholesterol (BC) and decreased bile salt content. The ratio of BC to phospholipid which was 2.64 in the LG diet group was reduced to 1.57-1.35 in the M. uniflorum seed extracts treated groups. Liver cholesterol and TG were decreased significantly by feeding of ME and AE at 300 mg/kg dose. AE significantly reversed the changes in apolipoproteins A-I and C-II level disturbed by LG diet.
Conclusions: M. uniflorum seed exerted antilithogenic influence by decreasing the cholesterol hyper-secretion into bile and increasing the bile acid output, thus decreasing the formation of LG bile in mice. The effect was maximum in the AE as it also reduced papillary proliferation of gallbladder and fatty degeneration of the liver. The potential antilithogenic effect of the AE of M. uniflorum may be due to antioxidant property of its rich total polyphenol and tannins content
Protective action of picroliv isolated from Picrorhiza kurroa against radiation clastogenecity on mice and cyclophosphamide-induced cytotoxicity in Allium cepa Root
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Development of Sustained Release Capsules Containing “Coated Matrix Granules of Metoprolol Tartrate”
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