1,721,109 research outputs found
Crucial steps in the natural history of inflammatory bowel disease
No full textInflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including ulcerative
colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), are chronic,
progressive and disabling disorders. Over the last few
decades, new therapeutic approaches have been introduced
which have led not only to a reduction in
the mortality rate but also offered the possibility of a
favorable modification in the natural history of IBD.
The identification of clinical, genetic and serological
prognostic factors has permitted a better stratification
of the disease, thus allowing the opportunity to indicate
the most appropriate therapy. Early treatment with
immunosuppressive drugs and biologics has offered
the opportunity to change, at least in the short term,
the course of the disease by reducing, in a subset of
patients with IBD, hospitalization and the need for
surgery. In this review, the crucial steps in the natural
history of both UC and CD will be discussed, as well as
the factors that may change their clinical course. The
methodological requirements for high quality studies
on the course and prognosis of IBD, the true impact of
environmental and dietary factors on the clinical course
of IBD, the clinical, serological and genetic predictors
of the IBD course (in particular, which of these are relevant
and appropriate for use in clinical practice), the
impact of the various forms of medical treatment on
the IBD complication rate, the role of surgery for IBD in
the biologic era, the true magnitude of risk of colorectal
cancer associated with IBD, as well as the mortality
rate related to IBD will be stressed; all topics that are
extensively discussed in separate reviews included in
this issue of World Journal of Gastroenterology
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Il prelievo di tessuto osseo l’efficienza del sistema donazione prelievo. L’esperienza del CTO di Firenze.
No full textViene attuato uno studio retrospettivo sui trapianti ossei espiantati in condizioni di sterilità da 168 donatori sia multiorgano che a cuore fermo tra il Gennaio 1999 e il Luglio 201, per valutare l'eficienza del sistema donazione-prelievo. Sono anche investigati gli effetti di vari parametri sui rischi di contaminazione
Consensus Conference. La terapia delle malattie infiammatorie intestinali (MICI). Gastroenterology International, Edizione Italiana, 1993; 4: 84-89
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