9 research outputs found
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of rural and suburban areas about brucellosis in Central Bosnia
No full textIntroduction: Brucellosis is a zoonosis classified as one of the most important neglected zoonoses in the world, especially in low and middle-income countries with livestock farming represented. In recent years, an increased incidence of brucellosis has been reported in Bosnia and Herzegovina, particularly in the Central Bosnia Canton (CBC) region. In the CBC region, the first case of the disease was registered at the end of 2002 in the municipality of Novi Travnik. In the period 2003-2012, 539 cases in humans and 7508 infected animals were registered. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the risk of brucellosis in the population living in rural and suburban areas because human behavior plays a significant role in the spread of brucellosis.
Methods: It is a cross-sectional study conducted in selected rural and suburban areas of the CBC in the period from October 2023 to January 2024. In this study, 117 respondents participated with 60 respondents (51.3%) from rural areas and 57 (48.7%) from suburban areas.
Results: The respondents from rural areas showed better knowledge with an average score of 69.86 ± 11.99% than the respondents from suburban areas with an average score of 59.21 ± 11.86 (p < 0.0001). Looking at the average scores of the attitudes of the same regions, it can be seen that the respondents from the suburban region have a better attitude with 55.56 ± 23.64% (p < 0.0001) than the respondents from the rural region. In practice, the suburban region scored better with an average of 50.50 ± 18.65% than the rural region with 37.08 ± 15.02% (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion: The One Health approach, which involves collaboration between veterinary and public health professionals, is the key to successful brucellosis control
The role of laboratory diagnostics in the assessment of occupational lead exposure
No full textIntroduction: Industrialization and urbanization led to a significant increase in the environment. Lead inhibits the activity of numerous enzymes, triggers oxidative stress, and causes protein biosynthesis dysregulation. Inhalation of lead particles is the most common route of intoxication associated with occupational exposure. This study aims to evaluate laboratory methods and biomarkers in the assessment of lead exposure.
Methods: For non-experimental qualitative research, available scientific articles in English published in the relevant databases (MEDLINE and ScienceDirect) were used. The database search was performed using the keywords “Laboratory diagnostics”, “occupational exposure”, and “lead”.
Results: Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) is the gold standard in laboratory monitoring of occupational lead exposure. Inductively coupled plasma with mass spectrometry is a commonly used method described as more sensitive than AAS due to its low detection limit. Lead concentrations can be determined in various samples, but blood and urine are the most commonly used in laboratory practice. The most important exposure biomarker is the enzyme δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) in the blood, which is characterized by progressive inactivation by lead and a negative correlation with its concentration. The concentration of urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid (δ-ALA-U) reflects the state of impaired enzyme function in heme biosynthesis. In addition, determining blood zinc protoporphyrin and urinary coproporphyrin levels significantly aids in assessing occupational lead exposure disorders.
Conclusion: The availability of the laboratory methods used and the biomarker specificity and sensitivity play an important role in the adequacy of lead exposure monitoring. Accurate determination of ALAD and δ-ALA-U concentrations, along with other biomarkers, is critical for assessing individuals exposed to lead
Correlation of serum ferritin and thyroid hormone levels: A matched case–control study
No full textIntroduction: Hypothyroidism is a common disorder of the endocrine system caused by insufficient biologically active hormones at the tissue level or the inability of the tissue to utilize thyroid hormones. Iron plays a crucial role in the synthesis and metabolism of thyroid hormones, and it is stored in the body as ferritin. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between serum ferritin (SF) levels and thyroid hormone panel levels in both hypothyroid and euthyroid subjects.
Methods: In 2022, a matched case–control study was conducted. The study involved participants with hypothyroidism and a control group (n = 53). The levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), and SF were measured using the chemiluminescence immunoassay on a Mindray Cl 900-i analyzer (Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., China).
Results: The hypothyroid group had TSH levels that were significantly higher (10.76 [8.54-18.76] vs. 1.76 [1.26-2.58]; p < 0.001) and SF concentrations that were significantly lower (39.08 [21.15-45.70] vs. 54.09 [41.41-71.82]; p < 0.001) compared to the control group. In both male and female subjects of the hypothyroid group, a strong negative correlation was found between SF concentration and TSH levels ([Rho = −0.855,p < 0.01]; [Rho = −0.747; p < 0.01]). In female subjects of the hypothyroid group, a weak positive correlation was found between SF concentration and fT3 (Rho = 0.488; p < 0.05). In the euthyroid group, a correlation of the same strength and direction was found for fT4 (Rho = 0.366; p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Research results indicate a correlation between lower SF concentrations and hypothyroidism, which is of particular importance for understanding the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment modalities of patients with hypothyroidism
Imamate in the Contemporary Shiite tafsīr: In the example of al-Amthal fī Tafsīri Kitābillāhi'l-Munzal
No full textDoktora TeziBu tez, el-Emsel fî Tefsîr-i Kitâbillâhi'l-Münzel isimli kolektif tefsir örnekliğinde çağdaş Şiî tefsirinde imâmet inancının yansımalarını konu edinmektedir. Tezde, Şîa'nın en temel inanç esaslarından biri olan imâmetin çağdaş dönemde telif edilen bu eserde ele alınış keyfiyetinin ortaya konması ve imâmet anlayışının tefsir yöntemi üzerindeki etkilerinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Ayrıca el-Emsel'in Şiî gelenekteki yerinin açığa çıkarılması da bu tezin amaçlarından biridir. Bunu gerçekleştirmek üzere el-Emsel tefsiri, imâmet ve ilgili kavramlar çerçevesinde belli âyetler üzerinden tetkik edilmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra müellifin tefsirde öne çıkardığı unsurlar ve bunların imâmet doktrini ile ilişkisi ortaya konmaktadır. Bu tez, el-Emsel'de imâmet inancı çerçevesinde ortaya konan bilgiyi salt aktarım ve hikâye etme yoluyla ele almak yerine imâmete dair izahları tefsir yöntemine etkileri çerçevesinde analiz etmesi itibariyle konu hakkında yapılan çalışmalardan ayrılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte çalışmada metin akışını bozacak itikadî polemiklerden kaçınılması da tezin dikkate değer özelliklerindendir. Üç bölümden oluşan tezin ilk bölümünde eserin baş müellifi Nâsır Mekârim Şîrâzî'nin biyografisi ve eserleri ele alınmakta, el-Emsel tefsiri ana hatlarıyla tetkik edilmektedir. İkinci bölümde Şiî imâmet inancının mahiyeti ve teşekkül süreci incelendikten sonra el-Emsel öncesi Şiî tefsir geleneğinde imâmet inancının işlenişine yoğunlaşılmaktadır. Üçüncü bölümde ise el-Emsel tefsirinde imâmetin yansımaları farklı meseleler çerçevesinde ele alınmaktadır. Sonuç olarak eserde kapsayıcı bir dil ve itidalli bir üslup kullanılmakla birlikte imâmet inancının temel ilkeleri çerçevesinde herhangi bir taviz verilmediği görülmüştür. Bunun yanı sıra Şiî düşüncenin temelini oluşturan Ehl-i beyt rivâyetlerinin kullanımında klasik dönemden farklı bir yöntem takip edildiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca Şiî tefsir literatüründe önemli bir yeri olan bu eserin ortaya koyduğu üslup ve muhteva ile tüm tefsir geleneği içerisinde örneklik teşkil ettiği görülmüştür.This study deals with the reflections of the belief of imamate within the contemporary Shiite tafsīr, in the example of the collective tafsīr book named al- Amthal fī Tefsīri Kitābillāhi'l-Munzal. The study aims to reveal how imamate, one of the most fundamental beliefs of Shia, is discussed in this work written in the contemporary period and to determine the effects of the understanding of imamate on the tafsīr method. In addition, revealing the place of al-Amthal in the Shiite tradition is one of the aims of this study. In order to achieve these goals, al-Amthal is examined through certain verses within the framework of imamate and related concepts. In addition, the elements of tafsīr highlighted by the author and their relationship with the doctrine of imamate are revealed. This study differs from the relevant studies in that it analyzes the explanations about the imamate within the framework of their effects on the tafsīr method, instead of dealing with the information presented within the framework of the belief in imamate in al-Amthal through pure transmission and storytelling. Besides, one of the noteworthy features of the study is avoidance of religious polemics that would disrupt the text flow. In the first chapter of the study, which consists of three chapters, the biography and works of Nāser Mekārim al-Shīrāzī, the main author of the work, are discussed and al-Amthal is examined with the main lines. In the second chapter, after examining the nature and formation process of the Shiite belief in imamate, the attitude of the Shiite tafsīr tradition before al-Amthal against the belief of imamate is focused. In the third chapter, the reflections of the imamate in al-Amthal are discussed. In conclusion, although an inclusive and moderate language was used in the work, it was seen that no compromise was made within the framework of the basic principles of the imamate belief. In addition, it has been determined that a different method is followed in the use of Ahl al-Bayt narrations, which form the basis of Shiite thought. In addition, it was seen that this work, which has an important place in Shiite tafsīr literature, sets an example within the entire tafsīr tradition with its method and content
Nāser Makārım Shīrāzī and tafsīr al-Amthal
No full textModern dönemde ortaya çıkan problemler İslâm düşüncesinde bunlara cevap veren eserlerin ortaya
konulmasını gerekli kılmıştır. Bu ihtiyaca cevap vermek üzere hem Sünnî hem Şiî cenahta içtimâî tefsir çatısı altında
çeşitli eserler ortaya konulmuştur. el-Emsel tefsiri Şia içerisinde bu amaçla telif edilmiş en kapsamlı eserdir. İlk defa
Âyetullah el-Uzmâ Nâsır Mekârim Şîrâzî öncülüğünde farklı alanlardan on âlim tarafından 27 cilt hâlinde Tefsîr-i
Numûne ismiyle Farsça hazırlanan bu eser 2005 yılında El-Emsel fî tefsîri kitâbillahi’l-münzel isimiyle Arapça’ya
tercüme edilmiştir. Arapça ilk baskısı 21 cilt hâlinde iken 2013 yılında üzerinde bazı düzenlemeler yapılmış ve 15
cilt hâlinde son hâlini almıştır. Kur’an’ı sade ve anlaşılır bir şekilde izah ederek müminlerin hayatına dâhil
edebilmek ve bunun sonucunda dinî, ahlaki, siyasi ve sosyolojik yönlerden İslâm toplumunun ıslahını
gerçekleştirmek amacıyla kaleme alınan eserde Şiî ve Sünnî pek çok kaynağa başvurulmuştur. Eserde ayrıca ılımlı
bir dil kullanılmış ve taassup üslubundan uzak durulmuştur. Şiî âlemini oldukça etkileyen el-Emsel tefsiri ılımlı
üslûbu nedeniyle Sünnî ulemanın da dikkatini çekmiş ve ondan yararlanmalarına neden olmuştur. Bununla birlikte
İslâm düşüncesinde önemli bir yer edinmeye başlayan bu eser Türkiye’de yapılan çalışmalarda henüz fazla dikkat
çekmemiştir. Bu çalışmamızda çağdaş dönem Şiî tefsir geleneğinde önemli bir yer edinen el-Emsel tefsirinin, genel
tefsir tarihi incelemelerine konu edilmesini sağlamak amacıyla, ilk olarak eserin başyazarı Nâsır Mekârim Şîrâzî ve
İslâm kültürüne olan katkıları ele alınmış ve Şîa içerisindeki konumu aktarılmıştır. Sonrasında ise eserin tanıtımı,
telif aşamaları, kullanılan kaynaklar, içeriği ve uygulanan yöntemler ana hatlarıyla incelenmiş ve özgün yanları
ortaya konulmuştur. Böylece Şiî düşüncenin modern problemlere yaklaşım tarzları ve bunların çözümü
noktasındaki temel motivasyonlarının anlaşılması amaçlanmıştır.New problems of the modern period necessitated the creation of new works in Islamic thought, which
respond these problems. To answer this purpose, various works in the realm of Social Tefsīr have been produced on both the Sunnī and Shiite sides of Islām. Tafsīr al-Amthal is the most comprehensive work compiled for this purpose within the Shiite community. This work, which was first prepared in Persian under the name of Tafsīr-i Namūna in 27 volumes by ten scholars from different fields under the leadership of Āyatollah al-Uzmā Nāser Makārim Shīrāzī, was translated into Arabic in 2005 with the title al-Amthal fī tafsīr kitāb Allah al-munzal. While the first edition in Arabic was in 21 volumes, some edits were made on it in 2013 and it took its final form in 15 volumes. Many Shiite and Sunnī sources were referred in the work, which was written with the aim of explaining the Qur’ān in a simple and understandable way and integrating it into the world of believers and, as a result, to improve the Islamic society in religious, moral, political and sociological aspects. In the work, a moderate language was used, and the tone of fanaticism was avoided. Tafsīr al-Amthal, which considerably influenced the Shiite world, attracted the attention of Sunnī scholars due to its moderate style and enabled them to benefit from it. However, this work, which has begun to take an important place in Islamic thought, has not yet attracted much attention in studies conducted in Turkey. In this study, in order to ensure that Tafsīr al-Amthal, which has an important place in the contemporary Shiite tafsīr tradition, is subject to general history of tafsīr studies, firstly, the main author of the work, Nāser Makārim Shīrāzī and his contributions to Islamic culture are discussed and his position within the Shiite community is mentioned. Afterwards, the introduction of the work, its compilation process, the sources referred, its content and the methods applied were examined in outline and its original aspects were revealed. Thus, it is aimed to understand the Shiite thought’s approach to modern problems and their basic motivations for their solution
Evaluation of indirect indices in the insulin resistance assessment in patients with different body mass index
No full textIntroduction: Insulin resistance (IR) is a complex pathophysiological condition with multifactorial etiology characterized by a reduced responsiveness of target tissues to insulin (INS). Indirect indices based on mathematical models and derived from laboratory parameters have become increasingly popular in the past two decades. In this study, we evaluated their ability to predict IR in a population with different body mass index (BMI).
Methods: The matched case–control study was conducted in 2021 and 2022. Secondary data from 129 subjects were obtained from medical records, including demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical laboratory test results. The studied group consisted of 91 subjects with a suspected diagnosis of IR who were further categorized according to BMI, while control group consisted from 38 age- and gender-matched subjects. Six widely used indirect indices were calculated: Homeostatic Model Assessment for IR (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), McAuley index (MCAi), metabolic score for IR (METS-IR), triglyceride to glucose index (TyG), and TyG to BMI (TyG-BMI).
Results: Significant differences between the subgroups were found in the mean values for HOMA-IR, TyG, TyG-BMI, and METS- IR, while the control group had the highest mean values for the indirect indices QUICKI and MCAi (p < 0.001). HOMA-IR, TyG, and TyG-BMI showed statistical significance in predicting IR regardless of BMI (p < 0.05). In the obese group, TyG-BMI had good predictive power for discriminating IR (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.820), with a sensitivity and specificity of 84.1% and 87.7%, respectively. HOMA-IR showed moderate predictive power to discriminate IR in the obese group (AUC = 0.720), with a sensitivity and specificity of 70.4% and 89.1%, respectively.
Conclusion: As IR is a multifactorial disease, indirect indices combining laboratory and anthropometric data can significantly help in predicting and mitigating complications
Histopathologic degenerative score as a predictor of minimal clinically important difference in pain and functionality following surgical treatment for disc herniation
No full textLumbar disc herniation (LDH) often results in significant pain and disability, and histopathologic evaluation of intervertebral discs offers critical insights into treatment outcomes. This prospective observational study explores histopathologic (HP) changes in intervertebral discs (IVD) and their association with clinical outcomes following surgical treatment for lumbar disc herniation (LDH). A cohort of 141 patients undergoing MRI-confirmed LDH surgery underwent HP evaluation using a semi-quantitative Histopathologic Degeneration Score (HDS). Preoperatively and at a six-month follow-up, comprehensive clinical assessment included the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS), with a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) calculated from ODI and VAS. Results indicated significant associations between higher HDS and adverse clinical outcomes, including persistent pain and greater disability post-surgery. Specifically, an HDS ≥ 7 was predictive (OR = 6.25, CI: 2.56-15.23) of disability outcomes measured with MCID-ODI (AUC: 0.692, CI: 0.609-0.767, P < 0.001), and HDS ≥ 8 was predictive (OR = 1.72, CI: 1.04-2.77) of persistent pain measured with MCID-VAS (AUC = 0.628, CI: 0.598-0.737, P = 0.008), highlighting the diagnostic potential of HDS in assessing postoperative recovery. This study underscores the potential of HP evaluation using HDS to provide valuable insights into disease progression and outcomes in LDH patients, complementing conventional radiologic methods. The findings support the application of personalized treatment strategies based on HP findings while acknowledging challenges in interpretation and clinical implementation.
Understanding the Significance of Hypoxia-Inducible Factors (HIFs) in Glioblastoma: A Systematic Review
No full textBackground: The study aims to investigate the role of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in the development, progression, and therapeutic potential of glioblastomas. Methodology: The study, following PRISMA guidelines, systematically examined hypoxia and HIFs in glioblastoma using MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, and Scopus. A total of 104 relevant studies underwent data extraction. Results: Among the 104 studies, global contributions were diverse, with China leading at 23.1%. The most productive year was 2019, accounting for 11.5%. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) was frequently studied, followed by hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha (HIF2α), osteopontin, and cavolin-1. Commonly associated factors and pathways include glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) receptors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). HIF expression correlates with various glioblastoma hallmarks, including progression, survival, neovascularization, glucose metabolism, migration, and invasion. Conclusion: Overcoming challenges such as treatment resistance and the absence of biomarkers is critical for the effective integration of HIF-related therapies into the treatment of glioblastoma with the aim of optimizing patient outcomes
Dialect, drama and translation : a socio-cultural investigation into the factors influencing the choice of strategies in German-speaking Europe
No full textThis thesis examines the translation of dialect in drama in German-speaking Europe,
exploring the complex influences on the choice of strategies by practitioners. Utilising
paradigms of Descriptive Translation Studies, polysystem theory and norms theory, it
investigates how the target culture influences dialect translation practice.
The study offers, for the first time, a systematic overview of the functions of dialect in
drama, and the translation strategies available, identifying the influences on dialect
translation practice in northern Germany, German-speaking Switzerland and Scotland.
Based on these, three research areas are explored, focussing on northern Germany,
German-speaking Switzerland and Luxembourg:
- the sociolinguistic situation and the emergence of oral standard;
- the use of dialect in German-language drama as a stylistic device in particular
genres and, especially, for socio-political functions;
- how the translation process illuminates the norms for drama and dialect translation
and their connection with both sociolinguistic factors and norms of German drama
production.
Three case studies exemplify the findings, illustrating the complexity of targetculture-
related factors that had an impact on translating three British plays into
standard and into Swiss German, Low German and Luxembourgish: Stephen
Greenhorn’s Passing Places, John Millington Synge’s The Playboy of the Western
World and Ray Cooney’s Run for Your Wife.
This study offers a unique insight into drama and dialect translation in Germanspeaking
Europe. It demonstrates that the introduction of an oral standard mitigates
against dialect use in German original drama and translations; that changing
relationships between German-speaking countries, nationalist movements and efforts
to raise the status of a dialect encourage its use in drama; and that genres like comedy,
murder mystery, farce, but also Naturalist, Realist and folk plays are more likely to
use, and be translated into, dialect. It suggests similar projects for other countries, and
will be of relevance to theatre and translation practitioners
