1,721,010 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
La garanzia costituzionale dell'approccio integrato tra esigenze ambientali e modelli di sviluppo
No full textL'emergere della crisi ecologica richiedendo un approccio olistico e interdisciplinare, derivante dalla convergenza delle conoscenze tecnico-scientifiche e delle scelte politico-sociali, ha comportato un ripensamento anche sul piano giuridico. A tal stregua, si ritiene che la dimensione costituzionale rappresenti il miglior livello normativo in grado di rendere più coerenti i principi del diritto internazionale ed europeo in materia ambientale, fornendo ai legislatori statali il supporto normativo idoneo a stabilire norme primarie certe e a declinarle sul piano dell’efficacia amministrativa e, al contempo, dotando le Corti costituzionali e le altre giurisdizioni competenti di strumenti ermeneutici più specifici e di maggiore garanzia dell’approccio integrato tra esigenze ambientali e modelli di sviluppo. Invero, si è consapevoli che la soluzione del conflitto tra gli interessi ambientali e quelli dell’impresa dipende anche dalla conoscenza scientifica e dalle soluzioni tecniche. Si pone, dunque, il problema di disciplinare le modalità con cui la scienza è autorizzata a dare le sue indicazioni. La scienza è anch’essa incerta, quindi la disciplina delle modalità con cui si perseguono determinati risultati è elemento fondamentale. In secondo luogo, diviene centrale la questione dei limiti entro i quali si possono porre in discussione le scelte del legislatore, e in che misura i giudici, costituzionali e ordinari, potranno interpretare le norme costituzionali in materia ambientale, data la concreta possibilità che - in presenza di legislatori inerti, inadeguati o poco attenti – le giurisdizioni siano costrette ad esercitare parte della discrezionalità politica. Tali profili problematici rendono ancora più evidente l’apporto che la dimensione costituzionale può offrire alla “giuridificazione” del nuovo paradigma ambientale
Agricoltura sostenibile e costituzionalizzazione dell'approccio One Hearth-One Health
No full textLa revisione costituzionale degli artt. 9 e 41 è destinata a riverberare i suoi effetti anche sul comparto agricolo, e in particolare sull’art. 44 Cost. Infatti, alla luce della nuova prospettiva ecologica introdotta dalla riforma, possiamo operare una lettura evolutiva delle due finalità (razionale sfruttamento del suolo e stabilire equi rapporti sociali) a cui l’attività e la proprietà agricola devono essere ispirate ex art. 44 Cost. Il nuovo paradigma costituzionale, pur non citandolo espressamente, non può altresì prescindere dal principio di sostenibilità (ambientale, sociale ed economica), implicante un modello di sviluppo finalizzato ad una maggiore equità sociale nell’accesso alle risorse e un diverso sistema di produzione e consumo (la c.d. economia circolare) mediante la riduzione dei rifiuti, il riciclo e l’estensione del ciclo di vita dei prodotti. Tale lettura evolutiva dell’art. 44 Cost. si pone coerentemente in linea con la prospettiva One Earth, One Health recentemente oggetto del One Health Joint Plan of Action-2022-2026 in cui, accanto all’approccio integrato e unificante a tutela della salute, vi è la considerazione dell’importanza di un’ adeguata protezione dell’aria, dell’acqua, del clima, dell’alimentazione e dell’energia pulita
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Postmenopausal osteoporosis: current status of bone densitometry
No full textOsteoporosis is the most common of all metabolic bone disorders characterized by loss of bone strength, due to modifications in bone turnover. It leads to bone fragility and increased fracture risk. Because of the increasing aging of the world population, the number of people affected by osteoporosis is continuously increasing. The WHO operational definition of osteoporosis, based on a measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), identifies patients at greatest risk of fracture. However, in the population overall a greater total number of fractures occurs in individuals with BMD values above threshold for osteoporosis diagnosis; for this reason, algorithms have been developed to improve the identification of individuals at high fracture risk, including clinical risk factors for fracture. The correct diagnosis of osteoporosis with an appropriate and accurate use of diagnostic imaging results in better management in terms of adequate treatment and follow-up. Moreover, screening strategies will improve identification of patients who are most likely to benefit from drug treatment to prevent fracture. All women after the age of 65 years previously untested and women after the age of 50 years with previous low trauma fractures should be screened by DXA. In fact, osteoporosis-related fractures cause a significant increase in morbidity and mortality, decreasing the quality of life, with an increasing social and economic burdens. For this reason, fracture risk assessment should be a high priority amongst health measures
Social Perception in Schizophrenia: Evidence of Reduced Prejudiced Attitudes Among People With a Diagnosis of Schizophrenia
Full text linkOnly recently research in social psychology has started to systematically investigate intergroup attitudes among members of stigmatized minority groups. In particular, the study of the way people with mental health problems perceive the social groups around them is so far very scarce. In this work, we focused on people with schizophrenia, analyzing their attitudes toward another stigmatized group, namely Black individuals. In Study 1, the attitudes toward White and Black people were assessed in a sample of respondents with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and in a sample of non-clinical individuals. Results showed the presence of less negative attitudes toward the minority outgroup (i.e., Black people) among the clinical sample. In Study 2, we aimed at investigating what members belonging to the majority group (i.e., White non-clinical people) believe about the attitudes toward Black people held by individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. In general, results suggested a general awareness in lay persons that people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, as compared to people with no history of mental disorders, hold reduced negative attitudes toward Black individuals. Overall, these results may help to enrich our knowledge about social cognition among members of stigmatized groups in general and, more specifically, among individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia
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