2,113 research outputs found
How far are we from closing the loop of sewage resource recovery? A real picture of municipal wastewater treatment plants in Italy
No full textThis paper presents the results of a broad-scale survey of resource recovery implementation in Italian wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first survey comprising a large number of WWTPs done in Europe: more than 600 plants were investigated, representing a treated load of around 20 million population equivalent (≈25% of the total in Italy). Conventional and innovative options for both material and energy recovery along the water and sludge line were surveyed, in order to i) offer a real and complete picture of the current state of resource recovery in WWTPs, and ii) underline key aspects and potential areas for improvements, as a baseline for future developments in the direction of more sustainable plants. Survey outcomes showed that resource recovery is just in its infancy in sewage treatment: only 40% of plants perform at least one option for material/energy recovery. The action most often implemented is recovery of material from surplus sludge for agricultural purposes and the internal reuse of treated effluent as water for various types of plant maintenance. The production of energy from biogas also occurs frequently but only in large plants. On the other hand, some well-known options, such as external reuse of treated effluent or nutrients recovery, were implemented only in a minority of plants: this is likely due to limitations resulting either from strict regulation or difficulty placing recovered products on the market. In conclusion, an overall explanation of these driving forces within the system is explored
L’applicazione delle BAT nel controllo degli odori: azioni preventive nella gestione dei processi
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TUTELA DEL LAVORO E LIBERTA' D'IMPRESA NEI PROCESSI DI ESTERNALIZZAZIONE
No full textL’elaborato analizza le conseguenze lavoristiche della successione fra imprenditori, muovendo da una ricognizione delle varie tipologie di esternalizzazione con le relative esigenze e principali criticità.
L’indagine si concentra in primo luogo sul trasferimento d’azienda, esaminando la normativa e la giurisprudenza europee per passare poi alla disciplina di diritto interno, alle procedure sindacali e a uno specifico focus sul trasferimento delle aziende in crisi.
Successivamente l’autore si sofferma sull’appalto, prendendone in particolare considerazione gli indici di genuinità, i criteri di distinzione dalla somministrazione illecita di manodopera e la tutela delle maestranze in caso di avvicendamento fra imprese.
Da ultimo, la ricerca approfondisce le c.d. “clausole sociali”, sia di prima che di seconda generazione, valutandone la compatibilità con il diritto eurounitario e con la costituzione nonché riflettendo sui possibili rimedi in caso di loro violazione.The author analyzes the labour consequences of the succession between entrepreneurs, starting from a recognition of the various types of outsourcing with the related needs and main critical issues.
The survey focuses primarily on the transfer of businesses, examining European legislation and case-law and then moving on to internal legislation, trade union procedures and a specific focus on the transfer of companies in crisis.
The author then dwells on the contract, taking into account in particular the indications of authenticity, the criteria of distinction from the illicit administration of labour and the protection of workers in the event of turnover between companies.
Finally, the research deepens the "social clauses", both first and second generation, assessing their compatibility with European law and with the constitution and reflecting on possible remedies in case of their violation
How can sludge dewatering devices be assessed? Development of a new DSS and its application to real case studies
No full textA key issue in biological Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTPs) operation is represented by the sludge management. Mechanical dewatering is a crucial stage for sludge volume reduction; though, being a costly operation, its optimization is required. We developed an original experimental methodology to evaluate the technical (dewatering efficiency) and financial (total treatment costs) performance of dewatering devices, which might be used as a DSS (Decision Support System) for WWTP managers. This tool was then applied to two real case studies for comparing, respectively, three industrial size centrifuges, and two different operation modes of the same machine (fixed installation vs. outsourcing service). In both the cases, the best option was identified, based jointly on economic and (site-specific) technical evaluations
Papa Eugenio IV, Matteo di Agrigento e Pietro Geremia. L’istituzione dello Studium Siciliae Generale e le istanze di riforma della Chiesa isolana
No full textL’articolo analizza il ruolo di Papa Eugenio IV nell'istituzione dello Studium Siciliae Generale a Catania e nelle riforme della Chiesa siciliana durante il XV secolo, in particolare attraverso le figure di Matteo di Agrigento e Pietro Geremia. La ricerca si concentra su come Eugenio IV sostenne l’attività riformatrice di Matteo, un francescano impegnato nella diffusione del movimento dell’osservanza in Sicilia. Attraverso la bolla Dum intra del 1444, il papa contribuì all’erezione dello Studium, un'importante istituzione accademica per l'isola. Contestualmente, si esamina la creazione della collegiata di Santa Maria dell’Elemosina a Catania, che rappresenta un passo significativo nel processo di riforma ecclesiastica. L’articolo sottolinea le tensioni tra le autorità civili e religiose, nonché le resistenze interne alla Chiesa, mettendo in evidenza le complesse dinamiche politiche e sociali dell’epoca. La figura di Pietro Geremia emerge come cruciale nel facilitare queste riforme, contribuendo così a una nuova organizzazione della Chiesa e del clero catanese
Pietro Campori. Il papa mancato
No full textPietro Campori, scrisse nel 1643 il suo biografo, non arrivò agli onori con il denaro ma con la virtù. La vicenda del cardinale Campori, nato nella Garfagnana estense e avviato sin dalla giovinezza alla carriera di Curia, si inserisce nel quadro degli anni tra Controriforma e età barocca. Dopo un apprendistato presso le principali corti europee, da Madrid a Praga, Campori seguì le sorti del vescovo Cesare Speciano, di cui fu a lungo segretario. Affiliato al partito dei Borghese, alla morte di Paolo V il suo nome prese a circolare tra i cardinali chiamati a scegliere il nuovo pontefice. Sfumata la sua elezione per pochi voti, Campori veniva destinato da papa Gregorio XV alla diocesi di Cremona, dove avrebbe trascorso il resto della vita attraversando i momenti difficili della Guerra dei Trent'Anni e della peste. Munifico protettore delle arti, il cardinale Campori non fu meno attento ai propri affari, acquistando per i nipoti un piccolo feudo in terra estense, dove ancora oggi rimangono le sue tracce. Questo volume, frutto del primo convegno di studi dedicato a Pietro Campori, offre un ritratto complesso e articolato del personaggio e del suo tempo, tracciando un affresco del contesto politico, culturale e figurativo in cui visse e operò
How green are environmental technologies? A new approach for a global evaluation: the case of WWTP effluents ozonation
No full textThe research on the impact of chemical pollution is now increasingly attracted by the topic of organic micropollutants: as secondary biological treatment of wastewater does not provide the complete elimination of these substances, an advanced treatment downstream the biological process can be implemented. Notwithstanding, the benefits of improved effluent quality can be weakened by the negative effects on air quality, when energy consumption and related pollutants emissions deriving from the advanced treatment technologies are taken into account. It is the aim of this work to present an innovative methodology to judge the environmental compatibility of wastewater treatment processes on the basis of the damage on human health produced/avoided, expressed as an economic value. In particular, while for air pollution the established external costs were applied, for water pollution the rates of the impacts on human health have been evaluated in terms of Global Burden of Disease and measured in units of DALY (Disability-Adjusted Life Years), then converted into costs based on Gross Domestic Product. As a first application, this procedure was used for assessing environmental compatibility of a final ozonation: the results of this study showed that the reduction of water pollution achieved by means of ozonation might be beneficial for human health at an extent which is in the same order of magnitude of damage caused by air pollution, emphasizing that the question if the use of advanced (energy-intensive) treatments is a proper solution to remove organic micropollutants from wastewater remains still open
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