9 research outputs found
Study of a community of small mammals in subalpine spruce woods at Lavazé Pass (Trentino, Italy)
No full textAre we ready for the wolf comeback? Patterns of wolf depredation on livestock in Trentino, Italy
No full textThe Only Good Neighbour is an Absent Neighbour! 15 Years of Conflicts Between Agro–Livestock Systems and Brown Bears in North–Eastern Italy
No full textEnvironmental factors influencing the odds of livestock predations by wolves in North–Eastern Italy across 10 years: a network analysis approach
No full textThe recent return of the wolf Canis lupus has led to increasing conflicts with extensive livestock practices in shared landscapes. Using data from 2012 to 2022 on official claims for wolf damages (i.e. preyed, injured and missing livestock), this study aimed to assess the spatio–temporal dynamics of wolf damages over the past decade and identify the main environmental factors contributing to their occurrence in North–East Italy, using regression models and a network analysis. Our findings revealed an increasing trend in wolf damages and post–damage compensation payments over the years. Damages were more prevalent on sheep and goats than cattle. Furthermore, a higher frequency of surplus damages was observed at the expense of sheep and goats. The network analysis indicated a dynamic process where the expansion of the edges, i.e. connections between municipalities experiencing wolf damages each year, and their persistence overcompensated their dissolution in the following year. Expansion and stability of edges were favoured in the presence of a high number of summer farms and livestock head and in forested and fragmented landscapes, while almost nil in intensive agricultural landscapes. These results indicate that prevention strategies should be prioritised in fragmented landscapes and/or where sheep and goats, the most vulnerable categories, are predominant. Large–scale data accessible to public institutions can help predict the temporal and spatial evolution of livestock predations by wolves. They also underscore the existence of a conflictive situation in the Eastern Italian Alps, emphasising the need for better monitoring to devise mitigation actions for long–term wolf–livestock coexistence
A network of small protected areas favoured generalist but not specialized wetland birds in a 30-year period
No full textProtected areas (PAs) have been established to promote the long-term conservation of biodiversity and ecosystems. Wetlands, which represent a key habitat worldwide, have been largely destroyed, particularly in more industrialized countries, and their remnants are now often preserved by PA networks, especially in the European Union. We tested the effectiveness of a PA network of 26 small wetlands in preserving wetland birds over a thirty-year period (1989-2019), by investigating changes in species occurrence and relating them to the species' ecological specialization. Out of 23 species, 10 showed an increase in occurrence, 7 remained stable and 6 declined. The number of occupied habitats (between 1 and 8) was significantly associated with the species' trend: specialized species decline, whereas generalists increased. Species with increasing occurrence mostly included common birds, whereas the declining ones were all species with an unfavourable conservation status at the national level. Generalist species increased their occurrence rates, whereas species with stricter, more specialized requirements, generally underwent contraction, suggesting that the conservation of isolated wetlands, managed according to criteria not strictly focused on birds, is not enough to preserve the more specialized species. The proper management of key habitats and the increase of ecological connectivity in the wetland system are crucial for the conservation of wetland-specialist birds
Intensità dei conflitti tra grandi carnivori e pratiche zootecniche estensive nell'Italia nord-orientale: implicazioni gestionali e di conservazione
No full textAnálise do controle metabólico in silico da via glicolítica da Saccharomyces cerevisiae
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química, Florianópolis, 2015.Saccharomyces cerevisiae é o principal micro-organismo produtor de etanol, empregado no Brasil. Devido a alta capacidade de adaptação a processos contínuos de produção, esse fungo possui caracterização genética muito bem definida, viabilizando otimizações de isoenzimas. Uma vez que alta concentração de glicose no meio reacional inibe-o, modificações genéticas foram realizadas a fim de que a sacarose fosse incorporada e submetida à hidrólise enzimática intracelular, obtendo glicose e frutose, evitando também contaminações e reduzindo a produção de células. Quantificou-se tais modificações pela Análise de Controle Metabólico (MCA). As entradas de glicose, via difusão facilitada (HXT) ou pelo simporte de sacarose (ATPase) e posterior hidrólise desta, foram avaliadas pelos coeficientes de controle dessas respectivas enzimas. Através das elasticidades de glicose intracelular, frutose-6- fosfato, quantificou-se localmente a influência de NAD e ATP em enzimas reguladoras e produtoras de compostos de interesse. Logo, a preferência entre rotas metabólicas foi identificada pela relação entre tais influências globais e locais, através dos coeficientes de resposta particionado, revelando quantitativamente a contribuição da permease no saldo energético e seu efeito consequente na rede metabólica. A interdisciplinaridade realizada entre MCA e Análise Dinâmica revelou o ganho de processo como uma elasticidade dimensional discreta. Dessa forma, perturbações em degrau na glicose extracelular revelaram as contribuições locais do substrato em cada reação do modelo estruturado, provando que esse recurso in silico deve ser usado paralelamente a análises cinéticas microbianas, para orientar a pesquisa e descrever a lógica metabólica pela técnica da MCA.Abstract : Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the most useful microorganism in Brazilian ethanol production. Because of its great ability in adaptation to continuous process, this fungus has a complete genetic characterization, allowing optimization of isoenzymes. Once high glucose concentration on reaction media inhibits it, genetic modifications were done in order to embody sucrose and hydrolyze it, freeing glucose and fructose, also avoiding contamination and reducing cell production. Such modifications were quantified by Metabolic Control Analysis (MCA). Glucose incomings, through facilitated diffusion (HXT) or sucrose symport (ATPase) and then its hydrolysis, were evaluated by their respective control coefficients. Through elasticities of intracellular glucose, fructose 6-phosphate, local influences of NAD and ATP over regulatory enzymes and high-value metabolite production were quantified. Therefore, the preference among metabolic routes was identified by the partitioned response coefficients, which are relations between local and global influences, uncovering quantitatively the permease contribution to energetic balance and then its effect at metabolic web. The interdisciplinarity between MCA and Dynamic Analysis defines the static gain as a dimensional and discrete elasticity. In order that, degree perturbations at extracelllular glucose reveal the substrate local contributions at each reaction defined on the estructured model, proving that in silico source must be used with microbian kinetic analysis, guiding the research and unveil the metabolic logic through MCA principles
Prévention des dégâts causés par les grands carnivores dans les Alpes
No full textThe main objectives of this report are to (1) present an overview of the systems of livestock protection against large carnivores and sources of financing, (2) highlight examples of good practice and (3) prepare general and technical recommendations regarding livestock protection for all members of the Alpine convention
Prévention des dégâts causés par les grands carnivores dans les Alpes
No full textThe main objectives of this report are to (1) present an overview of the systems of livestock protection against large carnivores and sources of financing, (2) highlight examples of good practice and (3) prepare general and technical recommendations regarding livestock protection for all members of the Alpine convention
