1,721,031 research outputs found
Bystander CPR - results and consequences from the Gottingen Pilot Project.
No full textFrom 1985-1989 a community project on bystander CPR was carried out, including about 20.000 citizens; most of them were male, more than 60% younger than 30 years old. Evaluation of knowledge and skills among former participants in a realistic setting showed that six months after the course 66,7% performed according to AHA standards, after 12 and 24 months 23,5 % and 21,1%. Using a more practical method of interpreting the data with emergency medicine based criteria it could be found that after 6 months 90% of the test persons were able to improve the chances of survival in a real emergency, after 12 and 24 months each time 70%. The CPR data bank which has been established with the start of the project actually includes 1.825 cases. 70% of the patients on whom resuscitation has been attempted were male, mean age was 62 years. 60% of the emergencies occurred in the patients' home, 84% were witnessed, and 74% of cardiac origin. In 28% bystanders initiated resuscitation prior to the arrival of the EMS. Out of all 1.825 CPR attempts 35,8% were primarily successful, that means patients could be admitted to hospital with a spontaneous circulation. Following bystander CPR 42,4% of patients had VF in the first ECG compared with 29,1% in the non-bystander group. Corresponding to this out of the bystander group 43,6% of patients could be admitted to hospital with a spontaneous circulation, out of the non-bystander group only 32,7%. The positive effects of bystander CPR continued during the clinical course: 31,8% out of this group could be discharged without neurologic damage compared with 7,2% out of the non-bystander group. As far as long-term survival is concerned five years after discharge 53% of patients in whom bystanders had initiated resuscitation were alive and 31 % out of the non-bystander group. As an attempt to increase the rate of bystander initiated CPR and thus to bridge the interval without therapy a project on telephone CPR has started just recently
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Detection of Elevated RBE in Human Lymphocytes Exposed to Secondary Electrons Released from X-Irradiated Metal Surfaces.
No full textMonolayers of human lymphocytes, attached to a 2-mum Mylar film, were irradiated with 60 kV X rays in the presence and absence of a 150-mum gold film backing the Mylar film. With the gold film present, the absorbed dose imparted to the cells was increased by a factor of 45.4 due to the release of photoelectrons from the gold film. The frequencies of dicentric chromosomes and centric rings as well as of excess acentric fragments were increased in agreement with this dose enhancement, and in addition an RBE of about 1.7 compared to the frequencies observed in the absence of the gold film was found. These radiation effects, which contribute to risk consideration in radiology, are interpreted in terms of the increased dose-mean restricted LET of the photoelectrons back-scattered from the metal and slowed down in the Mylar film before they enter the cell layer. (C) 2001 by Radiation Research Society
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Out-of-hospital airway management in northern Germany. Physician-specific knowledge, procedures and equipment
No full textBackground. Out-of-hospital airway management confronts emergency medical teams with complex challenges. To date no specific data are available on the qualifications of emergency physicians (EPs) and the quality of emergency equipment in northern Germany. Materials and methods. This study surveyed individual EPs at regional emergency dispatch centres about their personal knowledge and skills, and the procedures and equipment used in out-of-hospital airway management. Results. A total of 606 EPs from 59 of the 66 (89.4%) regional emergency dispatch centres surveyed responded and 56.1% of the EPs questioned were anesthesiologists. The other EPs were qualified in either internal medicine (22.6%), surgery (12.4%), general medicine (5.6%) or other specialties (3.3%). All (100%) of the EPs trained in anesthesia and 35.2% of the other EPs reported that they had performed more than 100 in-hospital endotracheal intubations (ETI). 93% of all EPs rated out-of-hospital ETI as more difficult than in-hospital ETI. A total of 33.0% of anesthesia-trained EPs and 6.1% of the other EPs used muscle relaxants for ETI in more than 20% of the cases. Of the anesthesia-trained EPs 38.1% used expiratory CO2 monitoring to verify tube placement compared to 12.1% of the other EPs. A total of 97.8% of anesthesia-trained EPs reported having used an extra-glottic airway device more than 20 times compared to 11.1 % of the other EPs. For the emergency equipment 44.4% included an extraglottic airway device, 57.8% a cricothyrotomy set and 27.1% CO2 monitoring options. Conclusion. Neither the emergency equipment nor the physicians' knowledge and skills were sufficient to meet the special demands of out-of-hospital airway management, particularly among non-anesthesiologists
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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