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Taxonomy and phylogeny of Panus (Polyporales, Panaceae) in China and its relationship with allies
No full textPanus is a typical wood-rotting fungi, which plays considerable roles in ecosystems and has significant economic value. The genus Panus currently consists of more than 100 species; however, only eight species have been reported from China. This study aims to distinguish and describe two novel species from the Panus similis complex, namely Panus minisporus and Panus baishanzuensis, one new record species from Zhejiang Province, Panus similis and three common species, Panus conchatus, Panus neostrigosus and Panus rudis, based on detailed morphological and phylogenetic studies, relying on Chinese specimens. Panus minisporus is characterised by its reddish-brown pileus, decurrent lamellae with cross-veins, slender stipe, smaller basidiospores, wider generative hyphae and absence of sclerocystidia. Panus baishanzuensis is featured by its pileus with concentric and darker ring zone, decurrent lamellae with cross-veins, shorter stipe, longer basidiospores, diverse and shorter cheilocystidia and smaller sclerocystidia. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU) and translation elongation factor 1-α gene (tef-1α) were employed to perform a thorough phylogenetic analysis for genus Panus and related genera, using Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood analysis. The results indicate that Panus minisporus and Panus baishanzuensis form two independent clades within the Panus similis complex themselves. Detailed descriptions, taxonomic notes, illustrations etc. were provided. In addition, a key to the reported species of Panus from China is also provided
The Effect of Panus Conchatus Mushroom Extracts on Antioxidant Enzymes
No full textGünümüzde pekçok çalışma, farklı mantar ailesine ait antioksidan etkinin, vücudu serbest radikallerden koruyarak yaşam örünü artırdığı yönünde etkisini ispatlar niteliktedir. Panus conchatus mantarına ait literaturde çok az sayıda çalışmada mantarın antioksidan özelliğinden bahsedilmiştir. Ancak mantarın antioksidan enzimler üzerine etkisini gösteren bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Bu çalışmada ilk olarak Panus conchatus mantarının antioksidan enzimler üzerine etkisi çalışılmıştır. Mantara ait toplam fenol ve flavonoid içeriklerinin belirlenerek radikal süpürücü etkinliği tespit edilmiş ve mantar özütünün GST,CAT ve SOD gibi antioksidan enzimler üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Panus conchatus mantar özütü, sıcak su, soğuk su , metnol ve etanol çözücüleri kullanılarak hazırlanmış ve özütlere ait toplam fenol ve flavonoid içerikleri kıyaslanmıştır. Sonuçlara göre, sıcak suda hazırlanan mantar özütü en yüksek toplam fenol ve flavonoid içeriğe sahip olup, tüm analizler bu özüt kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Mantarın 2,2-Difenil-1-Pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) serbest radikalini süpürücü etkinliğini %100 den az bir inhibisyonla önlediği gözlenmiş, IC50 degeri ise 0.02214 g/L olarak hesaplanmıştır. Panus conchatus mantar özütünün KAT ve SOD aktivitelerini sırasıyla %25 den daha az önlediği ancak GST enzim aktivitesini yaklaşık olarak %50 önlediği bulunmuştur. GST enzimi için Panus conchatus mantar özütü IC50 degeri 0.3744 g/L olarak hesaplanmıştır.Many studies were proven the antioxidant effect of several mushroom families by protecting the body from free radicals and hence increasing the human life span. However only few recent researches evaluated the antioxidant bioactivity of Panus conchatus. In addition, the effect of Panus conchatus on anti-oxidant enzymes has not been studied so far. Therefore, for the first time in this study, antioxidant effect of Panus conchatus mushroom extract was analyzed by measuring its total phenolic and flavonoid contents, determining free radical scavenging activity of mushroom, and finally, measuring the effect of mushroom on the activity of the antioxidant enzymes; glutathione-S-transferase, catalase and superoxide dismutase. The mushroom extracts were prepared by different methods so called hot water, cold water, methanol, and ethanol extraction methods. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of these different extracts were compared, then, the extract with highest total phenolic compounds was used for further analyses. The results showed that hot water extract has highest total flavonoid and phenolic contents, however the ability of mushroom to inhibit the free radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was 100 % with half maximal inhibitory concentration value (IC50) of 0.02214g/L. . The inhibitory effects of mushroom on both catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were less than 25%, whereas, Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) inhibition was less than 50 % with half maximal inhibitory concentration value (IC50) of 0.3744g/L
Validation of Panus bambusinus and P. roseus (Panaceae, Polyporales)
No full textKumar, T.K. Arun (2022): Validation of Panus bambusinus and P. roseus (Panaceae, Polyporales). Phytotaxa 533 (4): 235-236, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.533.4.
The lentinoid fungi (Lentinus and Panus) from Western Ghats, India
No full textPanus natarajanus sp. nov. from the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India, is described, illustrated and discussed along with P. velutinus, P. tephroleucus, P. ciliatus, P. hookerianus, Lentinus fasciatus, L. concentricus, and L. megacystidiatus. Lentinus alpacus is re-allocated to Panus as P. alpacus comb, nov., and contrasted with P. parvus. A short description with illustrations is provided of L. concinnus, which is also newly reported from the Western Ghats. A synoptic key for all species of lentinoid fungi of the Western Ghats is provided
Ergothioneine Production by Submerged Fermentation of a Medicinal Mushroom Panus conchatus
No full textErgothioneine is a natural and safe antioxidant that plays an important role in anti-aging and the prevention of various diseases. This study aimed to report on a kind of medicinal mushroom of Panus conchatus with great potential for the bioproduction of ergothioneine. The effect of different nutritional and environmental conditions on the growth of Panus conchatus and ergothioneine production were investigated. Molasses and soy peptone were found to promote cell growth of Panus conchatus and enhance ergothioneine accumulation. Adding precursors of histidine, methionine and cysteine could increase ergothioneine production and the highest ergothioneine concentration of 148.79 mg/L was obtained. Finally, the extraction and purification processes were also established to obtain the crude ergothioneine extract for further antioxidant property evaluation. The ergothioneine from Panus conchatus showed high antioxidant activity with good stability in a lower pH environment. This study provided a new strain and process for the bioproduction of ergothioneine
Systematics and species concepts in the genera Lentinus Fr. and Panus Fr., with emphasis on the Lentinus tigrinus, L. crinitus and Panus lecomtei complexes
Get PDFThe monographic work of Pegler (1983) on Lentinus has established the taxonomic guidelines for most recent studies involving members of the genus (Moncalvo et al. 2002, Rolen 2001, Krüger 2002). Pegler’s taxonomic hierarchy combined both Lentinus Fr. and Panus Fr. into one large genus, Lentinus Fr. The combination of these genera and its validity was one of the reasons for beginning this study. For generic level comparisons, ribosomal DNA sequence data can be helpful for determining relationships among taxa (Binder and Hibbett 2002, Hibbett and Vilgalys 1991, 1993, Hibbett and Donoghue 2001, Moncalvo et al. 2002, Thorn et al. 2000). In this study, ribosomal large subunit (LSU) sequences were used to determine if Lentinus sensu Pegler should contain both Lentinus Fr. and Panus Fr. LSU data were also used to explore the relationships of Lentinus sensu Pegler (1983) to genera affiliated with it in other works (Krüger 2002, Hibbett and Donoghue 2001, Moncalvo et al. 2002). I sought to assess various taxonomic schemes and the delineation of taxa using techniques such as morphology, sexual intercompatibility, and DNA sequence data. In order to determine if ITS data could be useful in elucidating biogeographical patterns, this study concentrated on three morphological species complexes: Lentinus crinitus (Linn.: Fr.) Fr., L tigrinus (Bull.: fr.) Fr., and L. strigosus (Schwein.) Fr. [Panus lecomtei (Fr.) Corner in this study].
The ribosomal ITS1 – 5.8S – ITS2 (ITS) region evolves faster and mutates more frequently than LSU (Hibbett 1992). ITS sequence data was used to study species circumscriptions and delineations among Lentinus sensu Pegler (1983) and its segregates. In some cases ITS sequence patterns can also be used to determine biogeographical patterns (Hughes et al. 1999, Petersen and Bermudes 1992, Petersen 1995a, 1995b).
Lentinus and Panus were found to be separable at the generic level based on LSU sequence data. Several morphological sections (Pegler 1983) of the genera were polyphyletic in maximum parsimony and neighbor-joining analyses (sects. Rigidi, Velutini, and Panus). Group Polyporellus (Nuñez and Ryvarden 1995) was closely related to Lentinus tigrinus and sect. Tigrini (Pegler 1983). Synonymization of L. lindquistii Lechner and Albertó (2000) and L. glabratus under L. tigrinus is suggested. Data also suggests that Panus fragilis O. K. Miller (1965) should be synonymized under P. lecomtei Fr. Lentius suavissimus Fr. is not part of either generic clade containing Lentinus or Panus spp. The transfer of Lentinus suavissimus Fr. to another genus is necessary. A bioegeographical pattern observed in sect. Tigrini showed a correlation between geography and clades based on ITS data. Synonymization of L. lindquistii Lechner and Albertó and L. glabratus Mont. Under L. tigrinus (Bull.: fr.) Fr. is suggested based on sexual intercompatibility studies and molecular data. Polyporus group Polyporellus sensu Nuñez and Ryvarden appears to be a monophyletic group related to Lentinus sect. Tigrini.
This study concentrated on the circumglobal species complex Panus lecomtei Fr. to access biogeographical relationships in that group. Sexual intercompatibility studies indicated that seven collections of this complex formed a cohesive intersterility group. Ribosomal ITS sequence data for all collections of P. lecomtei fr. sampled were nearly 100% identical. Two collections of Panus fragilis O. K. Miller (1965) were also included and found to be conspecific with P. lecomtei Fr. based on ITS and LSU sequence data. Because of the macromorphological similarity of Panus conchatus and P. lecomtei, data from both species were collected. Eight collections of P. conchatus were shown to form an intersterility group. Other species of subg. Panus sensu Pegler (1983) were sequenced for ITS data, but not used for intercompatibility studies. These species include the following: Panus ciliatus Lév. (= Lentinus ciliatus Lév. sensu Pegler 1983), Panus strigellus Berk. (= Lentinus similis Berk. sensu Pegler 1983), Panus fulvus (Berk.) Pegler and Rayner (= Lentinus velutinus sensu Pegler 1983), and Panus similis Berk. and Br. (= Lentinus similis sensu Pegler 1983). Lentinus suavissimus Fr., group Polyporellus (Nuñez and Ryvarden 1995), Ganoderma and Neolentinus Redhead and Ginns (1985) were included to explore possible supra-generic relationships
Reactions of "hybrid" Mn-peroxidase of the white rot fungus Panus tigrinus with benzylic alcohols in the presence of mediators
No full text"Hybrid" Mn-peroxidase (hMnP) isolated from the white rot fungus Panus tigrinus 8/18 was studied with respect to its reactions with veratryl alcohol in the presence of typical laccase mediators in the reaction mixture. Eight compounds were tested as potential mediators in this reaction and only 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) and 3-hydroxy-1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-one (HBTO) were found to be effective. Up to 99% of 1 M veratryl alcohol was oxidized with formation of veratraldehyde as a reaction product over 24 h depending on the buffer system used. Except for veratryl alcohol, anisyl alcohol but not benzyl alcohol was oxidized in this reaction. Reactions with the participance of mediators were not catalytic, and the mediators were consumed during reaction with formation of dehydroxylated derivatives. Reactions with both HBT and HBTO resulted in temporal inactivation of hMnP. Kinetics of hMnP inactivation revealed it to be a pseudo-third order reaction. Investigation of the transformation of the absorption spectra of hMnP redox cycle intermediates in the presence of HBT or HBTO showed that the most likely reason of hMnP inactivation was its interaction with non-oxidized mediators
Panus roseus N. Vinjusha & T. K. A. Kumar 2022, comb. nov.
No full textPanus roseus (Karun., K.D. Hyde & Zhu L. Yang) N. Vinjusha & T.K.A. Kumar comb. nov. MycoBank No: MB 842792 Basionym:— Lentinus roseus Karunarathna, K.D. Hyde & Zhu L. Yang, in Karunarathna, Yang, Zhao, Vellinga, Bahkali, Chukeatirote & Hyde, Mycol. Progr. 10 (4): 392 (2011) Panus roseus is characterized by a relatively small basidiome, with coriaceous, deeply cyathiform, pink-coloured pileus, dimitic hyphal system, with thick-walled unbranched skeletal hyphae, presence of clavate, cheilocystidia and metuloids, and ellipsoid to elongate basidiospores (Karunarathna et al. 2011).Published as part of Kumar, T. K. Arun, 2022, Validation of Panus bambusinus and P. roseus (Panaceae, Polyporales), pp. 235-236 in Phytotaxa 533 (4) on page 235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.533.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/609165
Estudo sistemático de espécies de Panus Fr. (Panaceae, Basidiomycota) que ocorrem no território brasileiro
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Fungos, Algas e Plantas, Florianópolis, 2018.Panus é caracterizado por apresentar basidiomas solitários a cespitosos, pileado-estipitados, píleo coreáceo, infundibiliforme a ciatiforme, superfície superior velutina, radialmente estriado, margem geralmente involuta, estipe cilíndrico, central a excêntrico, himenóforo lamelar com lamelas decurrentes. O sistema hifal é dimítico com hifas generativas, fibuladas e esqueletais, tipicamente não ramificadas de parede espessada, os basídios clavados, tetraesporados, com basidiósporos elipsoides, lisos IKI-, os cistídos apresentam parede fina e/ou parede espessa (pleurocistídos e queilocistídios) e a pileipeles é indiferenciada, do tipo epicutis, às vezes tricodermal. Algumas espécies podem apresentar pseudoesclerócio. O gênero apresenta distribuição cosmopolita, cresce em madeira morta no solo, causando podridão branca. Este trabalho apresenta aspectos taxonômicos e filogenéticos sobre Panus, a partir de análises morfológicas (macro e micro), bem como filogenéticas moleculares. Ao todo, foram revisados morfologicamente 118 espécimes representando 12 espécies de Panus. Dentre essas, três novas espécies são propostas e uma nova combinação. Foram obtidas 70 sequências (ITS e LSU) e os resultados das análises filogenéticas moleculares corroboram a posição de todos os espécimes testados como pertencentes ao gênero Panus, bem como de duas das três espécies novas. Esse é o primeiro estudo sitemático, a partir de análises filogenéticas moleculares e de delimitação molecular de espécies, que se propõe a testar as hipóteses morfológicas das espécies de Panus com registro de ocorrência no território brasileiro. Neste sentido P. fulvus e P. strigellus são aqui tratados em um sentido mais amplo, por apresentarem evidências da possibilidade de serem complexos de espécies. Descrições morfológicas, ilustrações e uma chave para as espécies estudadas são apresentadas.Abstract : Panus is characterized by presenting basidiomata solitary to cespitose, pileate-stipitated, coreaceus infundibiliform to cyathiform, upper surface velutinous, radially striated, margin often involute, central to excentric cylindrical stipe, lamellate hymenphore with lamellae decurrent. The hyphal system is dimitic with generative hiphae with clamp-connections and skeletal hyphae typically unbranched with a thickened wall, basidia clavate, bearing four sterigmata, with basidiospores ellipsoid, thin-walled, smooth, IKI-, cystidia thin or thick-walled (pleurocystidia and cheylocystidia) pileipellis undifferentiated, epicutis type, sometimes tricodermal. Some species may present a pseudosclerotium. The genus presents a cosmopolitan distribution, growing on dead wood in the soil causing white rot. This work presents taxonomic and phylogenetic aspects on Panus, from morphological (macro and micro) as well as molecular phylogenetic analysis. In total, 118 specimens were morphologically studied, representing 12 species of Panus. Among these, three new species and a new combination are proposed. 70 sequences (ITS and LSU) were obtained and the results of the molecular phylogenetic analysis corroborate the position of all the specimens tested as belonging to the genus Panus as well the two of the three new species. This is the first systemic study, based on molecular phylogenetic analyzes and molecular species delimitation, which aims to test the morphological hypotheses of the Panus species with a record of occurrence in the Brazilian territory, in this sense P. fulvus and P. strigellus are here treated in sensu lato, for presenting evidence of the possibility of being complexes of species. Morphological descriptions, illustrations and a key for the species studied are presented
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