1,721,183 research outputs found
Towards a multi-scale multi-modal model of infrastructure interdependence
No full textThere has in recent years been an increasing focus in both research and policy on considering infrastructure networks as interdependent systems, rather than as separate interconnected entities. This has resulted from a recognition that the functionality of transport, energy, water, waste, and ICT networks is inextricably linked, with their efficiency, effectiveness and resilience dependent on their connectivity to the other systems with which they interact. The importance of such interdependencies has been reflected in policy making, with the recent establishment of a National Infrastructure Commission by the UK government, and in the development of a range of research projects focusing on network interconnections (in other words, on infrastructure nexus thinking). This session will focus on the geographies of interdependency between transport and other infrastructure networks, examining how nexus thinking can 1) enhance existing approaches to dealing with and exploiting infrastructure interdependencies, in order to realise a more efficient, equitable and sustainable use of transport infrastructure and 2) help understand and address the impacts of interdependencies on society
Un modèle d'étude de l'alimentation des hommes fossiles
No full textIn order to improve our knowledge of Paleolithic man way of life we examine the microscopic marks left on teeth and tools. The method we follow will lead to attain a better knowledge of the alimentary practices of bygone populations.Afin de mieux cerner le mode de vie de l'homme du Paléolithique, nous examinons les traces microscopiques laissées par l'usage sur la surface des dents et des outils. Le modèle d'étude proposé conduit à une meilleure connaissance des pratiques alimentaires de populations disparues.Puech P.F., Pant R. Un modèle d'étude de l'alimentation des hommes fossiles. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, XIII° Série. Tome 7 fascicule 1, 1980. pp. 61-64
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Assessing risks to inform resilience: a criticality assessment of the British railway network
No full textNational infrastructures are constantly at risk from extreme weather events and random shocks that induce widespread
failures across such systems. For example, the vulnerability of Britain’s national-scale rail infrastructure has been
highlighted during extreme floods, and it seems likely that the levels of risk faced by transport infrastructures more
generally will increase in future years. Given the importance of rail infrastructure, there is a clear need for an improved
understanding of the risks which it faces. Such a risk assessment would aim to identify the relative criticality of the
network elements which different risk events are likely to affect, leading towards better risk management and resilience
investment decisions. This paper provides a methodology to meet this need, by analysing the systemic risk to Britain’s
rail infrastructure from a range of disruptive events. It first considers the range of events and processes which have the
potential to disrupt operation of the rail network. Alongside this, a procedure is developed for assessing the relative
criticality of different nodes and edges on the network based on the passenger traffic they carry. Two case study risk
types (floods and traction system failures) are used to demonstrate how criticality assessment can identify those parts
of the rail network which are most at risk of causing substantial disruption to rail traffic, and therefore are most critical
to maintaining national mobility. The paper concludes by considering the implications of this analysis for investment
decisions and the potential for transferring this methodology to other spatial or economic contexts
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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