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Effects of Whole-Body Electromyostimulation on Physical Fitness and Health in Postmenopausal Women
Full text linkLa menopausa s’associa amb un deteriorament de la forma física juntament amb guanys de pes i massa grassa, que poden resultar de canvis hormonals relacionats amb la menopausa, malalties associades a l’envelliment i una disminució del temps d’activitat física. Aquesta situació adversa deixa a les dones postmenopàusiques un risc elevat de desenvolupar resultats adversos per a la salut que condueixen a una dependència en un futur proper i a una baixa qualitat de vida. S'ha establert que l'activitat física té un paper fonamental en la prevenció d'aquest deteriorament físic. Per tant, l’electromioestimulació del cos sencer (WB-EMS) podria ser una metodologia d’èxit com a entrenament per millorar la forma física i la salut en dones postmenopàusiques.
L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi era: (1) Analitzar els resultats obtinguts de la investigació existent sobre WB-EMS i provar el nivell d'evidència de cadascun dels estudis per comprendre l'estat del problema i identificar possibles mètodes d'investigació en el futur. ; (2) Establir un protocol compatible amb una rigorosa metodologia científica per estudiar els efectes del WB-EMS. (3) Analitzar si el WB-EMS és adequat per a la prevenció i el tractament del deteriorament físic postmenopàusic. En conseqüència, aquesta tesi es presenta en un compendi de quatre publicacions, amb diferents dissenys i metodologies: la primera d’elles presenta una revisió sistemàtica dels efectes del WB-EMS sobre la salut i el rendiment. El segon presenta un disseny d’un protocol que permet avaluar, des d’una perspectiva àmplia i multivariable, la influència d’un programa d’entrenament WB-EMS de 10 setmanes sobre la condició física i la salut mitjançant un disseny de grup paral·lel de 2 braços amb seguiment. . Els dos restants, discuteixen els resultats d’una fase experimental on es va dur a terme l’esmentat protocol amb dones postmenopàusiques.
Els resultats d’aquesta investigació suggereixen que hi ha una manca d’estudis controlats aleatoris i que els estudis existents presenten un nivell de risc de biaix moderat a elevat, cosa que fa necessària la realització d’assaigs de control que abordin aquesta qüestió des d’una perspectiva científica i rigorosa. A més, el WB-EMS mostra un efecte aïllat favorable en el desenvolupament de la força dinàmica de les cames, agilitat i resistència cardiovascular, però no en la força del braç dinàmic, la velocitat de la marxa, l’equilibri o la flexibilitat de les dones postmenopàusiques.
La principal contribució d’aquest treball és l’evidència que, sota la supervisió d’un tècnic d’activitat física, el programa d’entrenament proposat basat en WB-EMS superposat podria ser adequat per a dones postmenopàusiques que tenen dificultats per realitzar exercici físic continu. Seria una metodologia adequada per desenvolupar la seva resistència aeròbica, així com la seva capacitat funcional. D’aquesta manera, a causa d’aquesta millora de la forma física, reduirien el risc de caigudes, el deteriorament cardiovascular i la dependència, cosa que milloraria la seva qualitat de vida.La menopausia se asocia con un deterioro de la condición física junto con el aumento de peso y masa grasa, que pueden derivarse de cambios hormonales relacionados con la menopausia, enfermedades asociadas al envejecimiento y disminución del tiempo de actividad física. Esta situación adversa deja a las mujeres posmenopáusicas en un mayor riesgo de desarrollar resultados de salud adversos, que conduzcan a una dependencia futura y una baja calidad de vida. Se ha establecido que la actividad física juega un papel fundamental en la prevención de este deterioro físico. Así, la electroestimulación de cuerpo entero (WB-EMS) podría ser una metodología exitosa como entrenamiento para mejorar la condición física y la salud en mujeres posmenopáusicas.
Los objetivos de esta tesis fueron: (1) Analizar los resultados obtenidos de la investigación existente sobre WB-EMS y probar el nivel de evidencia de cada uno de los estudios para comprender el estado del tema e identificar posibles métodos de investigación en el futuro; (2) Establecer un protocolo compatible con una metodología científica rigurosa para estudiar los efectos de WB-EMS; (3) Analizar si WB-EMS es adecuada en la prevención y tratamiento del deterioro físico posmenopáusico. En consecuencia, esta tesis se presenta en un compendio de cuatro publicaciones, utilizando diferentes diseños y metodologías. La primera de ellas presenta una revisión sistemática sobre los efectos de WB-EMS en la salud y el desempeño. La segunda presenta el diseño de un protocolo que permite evaluar, desde una perspectiva amplia y multivariable, la influencia de un programa de entrenamiento WB-EMS de 10 semanas sobre la condición física y la salud, mediante un diseño de grupos paralelos de 2 brazos con seguimiento. Las dos restantes, discuten los resultados de una fase experimental donde se realizó el mencionado protocolo con mujeres posmenopáusicas.
Los resultados de esta investigación sugieren que existe una falta de estudios controlados aleatorizados, y los estudios existentes exhiben un nivel de riesgo de sesgo de moderado a alto, lo que hace necesaria la realización de ensayos de control que aborden este tema desde una perspectiva científica y rigurosa. Además, WB-EMS muestra un efecto aislado favorable en el desarrollo de la fuerza dinámica de las piernas, la agilidad y la resistencia cardiovascular, pero no en la fuerza dinámica del brazo, la velocidad de la marcha, el equilibrio o la flexibilidad de las mujeres posmenopáusicas.
El principal aporte de este trabajo es la evidencia de que, bajo la supervisión de un técnico de actividad física, el programa de entrenamiento propuesto basado en WB-EMS superpuesto podría ser adecuado para mujeres posmenopáusicas que tienen dificultades para realizar ejercicio físico continuo. Sería una metodología adecuada para desarrollar su resistencia aeróbica, así como su capacidad funcional. De esta forma, debido a esta mejora de la condición física, reducirían su riesgo de caídas, su deterioro cardiovascular y su dependencia, lo que mejoraría su calidad de vida.Menopause is associated with a deterioration of physical fitness along with weight and fat mass gains, which may result from menopause-related hormonal changes, aging-associated diseases, and decreased physical activity time. This adverse situation leaves postmenopausal women at a heightened risk for developing adverse health outcomes leading to a near future dependence and low quality of life. It has been established that physical activity plays a fundamental role in the prevention of this physical deterioration. Thus, whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) could be a successful methodology as a training to improve the physical fitness and health in postmenopausal women.
The objectives of this thesis were: (1) To analyze the results obtained from the existing research on WB-EMS and testing the level of evidence of each of the studies to understand the status of the issue and identify possible methods of investigation in the future; (2) To establish a protocol compatible with a rigorous scientific methodology to study the effects of WB-EMS. (3) To analyze if WB-EMS is suitable in the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal physical deterioration. Accordingly, this thesis is presented in a compendium of four publications, using different designs and methodologies: the first of them presents a systematic review of the effects of WB-EMS on health and performance. The second presents a design of a protocol that allows the assessment, from a broad and multivariable perspective, the influence of a 10-week WB-EMS training program on the physical condition and health using a 2-arm parallel group design. The two remaining texts, discuss the results of an experimental phase where the mentioned protocol was carried out with postmenopausal women.
Results of this research suggest that there is a lack of randomized controlled studies, and the existing studies exhibit a moderate to a high level of risk of bias, which makes necessary the realization of control trials approaching this issue from a scientific and rigorous perspective. Furthermore, WB-EMS shows a favorable isolated effect on the development of dynamic leg strength, agility, and cardiovascular endurance but did not in dynamic arm strength, gait speed, balance, or flexibility of postmenopausal women.
The main contribution of this work is the evidence that, under the supervision of a physical activity technician, the proposed training program based on superimposed WB-EMS could be suitable for postmenopausal women who find it difficult to carry out continuous physical exercise. It would be an adequate methodology to develop their aerobic resistance, as well as its functional capacity. In this way, due to this physical fitness enhancement, they would reduce their risk of falls, their cardiovascular deterioration, and their dependence, what would improve their quality of life
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Whole-Body EMS Superimposed Walking and Nordic Walking on a Treadmill—Determination of Exercise Intensity to Conventional Exercise
No full textElectrical muscle stimulation (EMS) is an increasingly popular training method and has become the focus of research in recent years. New EMS devices offer a wide range of mobile applications for whole-body EMS (WB-EMS) training, e.g., the intensification of dynamic low-intensity endurance exercises through WB-EMS. The present study aimed to determine the differences in exercise intensity between WB-EMS-superimposed and conventional walking (EMS-CW), and CON and WB-EMS-superimposed Nordic walking (WB-EMS-NW) during a treadmill test. Eleven participants (52.0 ± years; 85.9 ± 7.4 kg, 182 ± 6 cm, BMI 25.9 ± 2.2 kg/m2) performed a 10 min treadmill test at a given velocity (6.5 km/h) in four different test situations, walking (W) and Nordic walking (NW) in both conventional and WB-EMS superimposed. Oxygen uptake in absolute (VO2) and relative to body weight (rel. VO2), lactate, and the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured before and after the test. WB-EMS intensity was adjusted individually according to the feedback of the participant. The descriptive statistics were given in mean ± SD. For the statistical analyses, one-factorial ANOVA for repeated measures and two-factorial ANOVA [factors include EMS, W/NW, and factor combination (EMS*W/NW)] were performed (α = 0.05). Significant effects were found for EMS and W/NW factors for the outcome variables VO2 (EMS: p = 0.006, r = 0.736; W/NW: p < 0.001, r = 0.870), relative VO2 (EMS: p < 0.001, r = 0.850; W/NW: p < 0.001, r = 0.937), and lactate (EMS: p = 0.003, r = 0.771; w/NW: p = 0.003, r = 0.764) and both the factors produced higher results. However, the difference in VO2 and relative VO2 is within the range of biological variability of ± 12%. The factor combination EMS*W/NW is statistically non-significant for all three variables. WB-EMS resulted in the higher RPE values (p = 0.035, r = 0.613), RPE differences for W/NW and EMS*W/NW were not significant. The current study results indicate that WB-EMS influences the parameters of exercise intensity. The impact on exercise intensity and the clinical relevance of WB-EMS-superimposed walking (WB-EMS-W) exercise is questionable because of the marginal differences in the outcome variables
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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