1,720,965 research outputs found
Incorporating Prognostic Biomarkers into Risk Assessment Models and TNM Staging for Prostate Cancer
No full textIn current practice, prostate cancer staging alone is not sufficient to adequately assess the patient's prognosis and plan the management strategies. Multiple clinicopathological parameters and risk tools for prostate cancer have been developed over the past decades to better characterize the disease and provide an enhanced assessment of prognosis. Herein, we review novel prognostic biomarkers and their integration into risk assessment models for prostate cancer focusing on their capability to help avoid unnecessary imaging studies, biopsies and diagnosis of low risk prostate cancers, to help in the decision-making process between active surveillance and treatment intervention, and to predict recurrence after radical prostatectomy. There is an imperative need of reliable biomarkers to stratify prostate cancer patients that may benefit from different management approaches. The integration of biomarkers panel with risk assessment models appears to improve prostate cancer diagnosis and management. However, integration of novel genomic biomarkers in future prognostic models requires further validation in their clinical efficacy, standardization, and cost-effectiveness in routine application
Oncocytic Tumors in the Kidney: A Tri-Focal Review - Integrated Pathological, Cytopathological, and Molecular Perspectives, Part 2
No full textBackground: This second of two parts review is devoted to the practical aspects of fine needle aspiration biopsy diagnosis of renal oncocytoma and the interesting biology underlying the morphologic transformation of oncocytes. Summary: In the first section, we describe themost useful cytologic variables for the recognition of oncocytoma since its first cytologic description 44 years ago. The usefulness of the recently introduced cytologic diagnostic category of "low-risk oncocytic neoplasm"is discussed, as well as the known problems of differential diagnosis. The second section deals with the molecular aspects of oncocytes, with special emphasis on correlating it with the peculiar morphology of oncocytic tumors and their less aggressive behavior. First, why does this accumulation of abnormal mitochondria occur, and second, what are the consequences? Regarding oxidative phosphorylation, oncocytes show a dysfunctional respiratory complex that makes them unable to respond adequately to the hypoxia so typical of the neoplastic environment. Key Messages: The low-risk oncocytic neoplasm category is so relevant that they may limit the possibility of an accurate diagnosis in small specimens, such as FNA and core biopsies. However, this must be compatible with the possibility of making a useful diagnosis for the therapeutic management of the patient. Further, we discuss the genes and molecules responsible for mitochondrial dysfunction, and, finally, the molecular differences between sporadic oncocytomas and those associated with a hereditary context
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Surgical pathology of cystic renal cell carcinomas: is there an overestimation of malignancy?
No full textMost cystic renal epithelial tumors have excellent prognosis after resection despite the high proportion of renal cell “carcinoma” diagnosis. The 2019 Bosniak classification revision and recent downgrading of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) to multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential (MCNLMP) may help reduce the discrepancy. Cystic clear cell (CC) RCC has been shown to behave favorably compared to non-cystic CC RCC and suggests a continuum with MCNLMP which would represent the most indolent of this spectrum. Further, the current pathological criteria distinguishing MCNLMP and extensively (>75%) cystic CC RCC should be revisited as both tumors show similar excellent prognosis. Clear cell papillary (CCP) RCC, which often has cystic change, should be renamed as “clear cell papillary neoplasm of low malignant potential”. However, cystic (and pseudocystic) features may also occur in other non-CC RCC types, including uncommon aggressive tumors with metastatic potential. This review highlights the need for reappraisal of the pathological categorization of cystic RCCs including the cystic CC RCC and CCP RCC
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
