1,720,997 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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A neuromusculoskeletal tracking method for estimating muscle forces in human gait from experimental movement data
Full text linktextThe research results contained in this dissertation relate to a novel approach to estimating
individual muscle forces in human movement by exploiting typical experimental observations acquired
in movement laboratories. A neuromusculoskeletal model is made to move as observed and exert the
same forces on the environment as recorded in the laboratory. Electrical activity of muscles can also be
used to guide the solution process such that in the end, the muscle activity of the model is in better
agreement with these recordings while still producing the desired movement.
The innovation of this process is the efficient combination of inverse and forward analysis techniques.
These classical techniques combined with nonlinear control theory form the basis of a neuromusculoskeletal
tracking methodology for systematically replicating human performance in a computer
model. The purpose is to capitalize on the non-invasive nature of this methodology to extract internal
information about muscle forces and subsequent bone and soft-tissue loads during human movement.
This information is sought by orthopedic surgeons and movement scientists alike in order to determine
the function of individual muscles and to understand what interventions/treatments may be the most
effective at restoring function and comfort to their patients.
This treatise has accomplished three primary objectives: 1) it provides the detailed development
of a non-invasive method for estimating muscle forces that includes complete system dynamics and is
computationally tractable; 2) performs a benchmark analysis to validate the increased accuracy and
computational advantages of the tracking approach, and 3) applies neuromusculoskeletal tracking to one
of the most challenging problems in biomechanics, which is human gait simulation and analysis.
In reaching these objectives four principle findings were made. 1) Tracking has provided results
that are superior to previous dynamic optimization methods and at 3 to 4 orders of magnitude savings
in computational costs, with the relative savings increasing with model complexity. 2) When random
and systematic error/noise is present in kinematic data (due to skin movement, sampling, environmental
interference, and data processing techniques), then ground reaction forces are better predictors of the
true movement of the system. Under these circumstances, closely tracking experimentally estimated
model kinematics is insu cient to demonstrate movement accuracy and ground reaction forces must be
closely duplicated to indicate accuracy. 3) Because of its relative speed, neuromusculoskeletal tracking
has proven to be a powerful validation tool since poor results or even tracking failure occurs if the
model is not adequately representative of the subject data. Therefore, models must be evolved until
the desired accuracy is obtained. 4) Controller weightings can further improve simulation accuracy by
tracking certain reference data (such as ground reaction forces) more closely than others (i.e. motion
of the toes). However, obtaining the set of weightings that balance tracking accuracy across multiple
references is not a trivial task especially when there are a large number of reference signals to consider.
Although improvements in tracking accuracy can be obtained by the optimization of weightings, they
may not justify the high computational cost.Biomedical Engineerin
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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