1,720,959 research outputs found
Using air pollution health risk assessment for future land use planning in Korba, India
No full textHealth effects of air pollution are investigated to provide an impetus for implementation of air pollution mitigation strategies and policies and estimation of benefits for the same. The present paper demonstrates the use of human health data as a guide for urban land use planning at the Korba planning area located in the state of Chhattisgarh in India. Korba is identified as the fifth most polluting city in India based on the Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Index (CEPI) by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) of India. The major contributors to the high levels of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and respiratory suspended particulate matter (RSPM) in the city are the thermal power plants, abandoned and operating fly ash dykes/bunds and the three open-cast coal mines at Gevra, Kusmunda and Dipka. A detail cross-sectional household survey was conducted in the Korba planning area (KPA) on incidence of diseases commonly linked with air pollution as an alternative to measuring the ambient air quality at multiple locations and to understand the severity of the problem at the same time. Analyzing the data spatially (ward wise) showed that the air pollution related disease morbidity rate for certain wards were found to be much higher than the national average. These wards were then checked for their proximity to the different thermal power plants, ash dykes etc. and their location in conjunction with the prevailing wind direction. The results of this analysis indicated the severity of the problems of air pollution (measured by incidence of different air pollution related diseases) at different distances and directions from the existing identified contributors of air pollution. This was finally used to formulate strategies for air pollution reduction and spatial planning of future land use and residential area allocation at the Korba planning area.http://enviroinfo.eu/sites/default/files/pdfs/vol6919/0151.pd
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Importance of user perception in evaluating level of service for bus transit for a developing country like India: a review
No full textAssessment of service quality in bus transit planning has received due attention in recent years from the viewpoint of optimal service allocation. The concept of level of service (LOS) has emerged as an effective tool to measure quality of services. Service-quality assessment provides operators with knowledge on users\u27 satisfaction with existing services and their expected LOSs. The importance of user perception towards assessment of LOS has been acknowledged by researchers. While LOS standards for public transportation have been established by the Transportation Research Board in the USA, researchers have questioned the applicability of these standards in the context of different geographic regions. Since the service delivery environment differs between developed and developing nations, the user perception of service quality varies between these economic regions. Substantial research has been carried out in the context of both developed and developing nations, to identify the bus transit service parameters that affect users\u27 perceived service quality; however, little research exists that establishes LOS thresholds for bus transit, based on user perception. This paper reviews the concept of LOS, describes the importance of user perception in assessment of service quality and identifies the need to establish LOS thresholds for bus transit from user perception for developing countries
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
A Framework for Determining Commuter Preference Along a Proposed Bus Rapid Transit Corridor
No full textAbstractStudy of commuters ‘attitude towards public transport and their perceptions of existing service quality for different service attributes of public transport have gained immense importance in recent years for determining appropriate public transport service levels so as to retain the loyalty of existing users and for attracting potential users. Commuters ‘perception of service quality varies for different service delivery environments due to different urban settings, i.e., land use and traffic system, location and route characteristics, level of accessibility, fare structure, past experiences from service providers and their assessment of what is possible to be delivered. While, Level-of-Service (LOS) is a general measure to determine good, poor and acceptable service levels for various service attributes of public transport based on user perception, there is a further need to determine the minimum and maximum tolerance level of users i.e., the zone of tolerance (ZOT) and the percentage of users satisfied at different service levels which is defined here as ‘user satisfaction level (USL)’ for different service attributes at the route or corridor level to determine commuters’ needs and preferences for that particular route/corridor which may differ significantly from other routes/corridors within the city. In addition, to ZOT and USL, it is also equally important to identify the critical service areas which need immediate improvement based on commuter preference. The present research proposes a framework to determine commuter preference for different service attributes of existing bus routes along a major corridor which could help in designing service levels for a proposed bus rapid transit (BRT) corridor
Methodology to determine service delivery levels for public transportation
No full textWhen designing transit services, the Level-of-Service concept has been widely used by transport planners and service providers to assess the service quality of an existing transit system. In addition to the service quality assessment, service providers also need to estimate the service levels that will satisfy a maximum number of users and potential users, across all socio-economic groups, so as to maximize patronage. This paper demonstrates a method using the concept of ‘user satisfaction levels’ and their ‘zone of tolerance’, along with total utility and marginal utility for service providers, to provide a range of service delivery levels for individual transit service attributes in the city of Kolkata. This range of service levels provides a guideline for service providers within which they can consider making an improvement in service level. However, the final decision on service improvement is an outcome of both financial and infrastructural feasibility
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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