941,316 research outputs found
Alkaline rocks and their economic and geodynamic significance through geological time
No full textAlkaline igneous rocks have a relative excess of alkalis over silica. Most are silica undersaturated and contain normative nepheline and real feldspathoids (nepheline, leucite). Although alkaline rocks make up only about 1% of total igneous rocks by volume, their diverse mineralogy accounts for 90% of all igneous rock names proposed by the IUGS. They occur in all tectonic settings; in the ocean basins and on the continents, along mid-ocean ridges (rare), on oceanic islands, in subduction zones in the oceans and along continental margins, as well as along rift zones. Alkaline rocks commonly include alkali basalts and foidites, tephrites, phonolites, trachytes and their intrusive equivalents, including lamprophyres and carbonatites. In the literature, a plethora of local names for alkaline rocks from different localities have been created and many geoscientists still consider them as petrological curiosities. However, their study can significantly aid the interpretation of mantle evolution, ancient terranes and their geodynamic settings. Additionally, alkaline rocks may host world-class precious- and rare-metal mineralization. During recent years, the exploration interest in critical and rare metal deposits (Nb, rare earth elements (REEs) and Th) has increased dramatically as they represent vital resources for the so-called ‘green energy transition’. This Special Publication presents new comprehensive data, results and findings on alkaline rocks from different terranes worldwide and uses their mineralogy and geochemical fingerprints in order to elucidate their petrogenesis, tectonic settings and mineralization potential. This volume is not only of interest for igneous petrologists, but also for exploration geologists prospecting for precious- and rare-metal mineralization worldwide
The Question of Land and Infrastructure Development in India: Urgently Required Reforms for Fairness and Infrastructural Development
No full textLand in India is problematic largely because of archaic and perverse provisions in the practice and the law. The new Land Acquisition Amendment Bill does go some way to correct the anti-democratic and imperial provisions of the old 1894 Act. Other regulatory restraints stand in the way of fair compensation to sellers whether the deal is a sale or an acquisition using eminent domain. Urban planning being based on the “Ricardian Model” and on top of asymmetrically applied regulatory constraints further depresses the benefit to land owners. As a result very little land is obtainable without dispute and high risk for infrastructure development. In this paper we provide an analytical critique of the law and restrictions as also of the framework of urban planning and provide a justification for why major change is required in the approach to land markets, land acquisition and urban planning. We also provide the key elements of a reformed approach that can create a win-win framework for development. We also present our suggestions on how the proposed Amendment to the Land Acquisition Act can be changed to make the Act functional and remove the residual perversities therein.
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Hydrological Changes in the Arctic, the Antarctic, and the Himalaya
No full textThe chapter enumerates the importance of glaciers on global climate, livelihood, economics, and their hydrological implications. Climate warming has raised an alarming signal on water reserves, especially on Earth's cryosphere that acts as hydrological insurance for glacier-fed rivers and a key driver for the ocean ecosystem through their freshwater supply and salinity regulation. Key issues have been discussed to understand the cryosphere system and its effect on the hydrological systems
Aayush Pandey
No full textIn this thesis, a meta-analytical review of ISO/IEC 27001 and its ability to decrease the frequency of security breaches in cyberspace are this thesis provides, and the direct consideration of the results of the implementation of the control at the domain level. It compares certified and non-certified organization via statistical analysis of the 40 major data breaches in two important time intervals (2014-2015 and 2019-2024), and reveals three ISO control areas Access Control, Operations Security, and Supplier Relations as the main areas pertinent to prevention of data breaches. It then analyses the applicability of the 2022 ISO/IEC 27001 revising and looks into implementation maturity of the big four professional service firms branches in Finland. The paper suggests the concept of domain-weighted implementation model to transform ISO 27001 into a multi-layered defense against cyber threats process
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Evaluation and analysis of impact of subsidies on small scale renewable energy technologies dissemination: a case study of Nepal
No full textThe report has analysed the status of rural electrification using renewable energy technologies (RETs) and the current subsidy delivery modality of RETs in Nepal. As the Government of Nepal is subsidizing small scale renewable energy projects, it is important to evaluate and analyse the programme to make sure that a programme is running in an effective and efficient way while reaching the target group.
During the course of the research, primary information collected from the field has been compiled using appropriate tools/software (such as MS Office) and analyzed. Different sets of questionnaires were prepared, targeting different personnel ranging from the users’ level to the government policy level. The field survey methods include field observations of RETs installations and operations along with interviews with selected users on a random sampling basis to identify barriers to subsidy delivery and possible measures to overcome these barriers; to determine user satisfaction level and time period for subsidy delivery mechanisms.
The report started with the country background information and the rationale behind the study. This is followed by the literature review and information on the current status of small scale RETs in the country. Next it deals with the organizational structure and current subsidy delivery modality of RETs in the country. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the subsidy with the current subsidy delivery modality has been analyzed based on six parameters; Targets and Achievements, Impact of RETs, Subsidy Delivery System Efficiency, Transparency, Sustainability and Effectiveness.
The research shows that the subsidized government program has been successful in achieving its goal to provide basic energy services in rural areas through RETs in terms of its quantitative target. Although the subsidized program is successful in electrifying the rural communities via RETs, the poorest of the poor families are still excluded from the subsidy. The program seems to benefit more the rich and upper middle class families rather than the poor families for which the subsidy was intended. The high capital cost and long subsidy delivery process are the main important reasons for this failure. The author has proposed a new modality which might overcome the time barriers and bureaucratic process in the subsidy delivery mechanism and will decrease the lead time. This will in turn help to reduce the operational cost of the private companies and will encourage more players to enter the market, increase competition and result in lower system costs.
After identifying gaps in the current subsidy delivery modality, the project report ends with the recommendation of a new modality improving the current modality and filling the gaps identified. As this study has some limitations, as described in chapter one, the scope of further works has been listed at the end
Exploring the Normalisation of Rape as Gender-based Violence in Lesotho
No full textThe prevalence of rape in South Africa is commonly known to be one of the worst in the world and therefore a major human rights issue. However, there has been evidence to suggest that the kingdom of Lesotho, located within South Africa, has higher levels. Nevertheless, there has been little research conducted on rape in Lesotho. Within the academic community, it is acknowledged that there are multiple factors that can cause a crime to be extensively prevalent and normalised within society. Within this thesis, feminist standpoints and a decolonial lens have been used to broaden the perspective of research and thematic coding has categorised the different themes of choice. Ecological maps have been utilised as a theoretical framework in which secondary data has been collected to evidence the cultural, societal and legal factors within Lesotho that aid in making rape prevalence so high. Overall, the findings discuss the traditional patriarchal nature within society in Lesotho and the themes within society that lead to the normalisation of rape
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