212,717 research outputs found
DYNAMO-M salt intrusion
No full text<p>This is an update to DYNAMO-M and it is a temporary repository and will be merged with DYNAMO-M(<a href="https://github.com/VU-IVM/DYNAMO-M/releases/tag/v0.1.2">Release Version 0.1.2 of DYNAMO-M · VU-IVM/DYNAMO-M (github.com)</a>).<br>The updates involve three major changes:</p>
<ol>
<li>Agents: farming households</li>
<li>Hazard: Salt intrusion</li>
<li>Country: Mozambique</li>
</ol>
DYNAMO-M salt intrusion
No full text<p>This is an update to DYNAMO-M and it is a temporary repository and will be merged with DYNAMO-M(<a href="https://github.com/VU-IVM/DYNAMO-M/releases/tag/v0.1.2">Release Version 0.1.2 of DYNAMO-M · VU-IVM/DYNAMO-M (github.com)</a>).<br>The updates involve three major changes:</p>
<ol>
<li>Agents: farming households</li>
<li>Hazard: Salt intrusion</li>
<li>Country: Mozambique</li>
</ol>
DYNAMO-M salt intrusion
No full text<p>This is an update to DYNAMO-M and it is a temporary repository and will be merged with DYNAMO-M(<a href="https://github.com/VU-IVM/DYNAMO-M/releases/tag/v0.1.2">Release Version 0.1.2 of DYNAMO-M · VU-IVM/DYNAMO-M (github.com)</a>).<br>The updates involve three major changes:</p>
<ol>
<li>Agents: farming households</li>
<li>Hazard: Salt intrusion</li>
<li>Country: Mozambique</li>
</ol>
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in rat forebrain that bind ¹⁸F-nifene: relating PET imaging, autoradiography, and behavior
No full textNicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the brain are important for cognitive function; however, their specific role in relevant brain regions remains unclear. In this study, we used the novel compound ¹⁸F-nifene to examine the distribution of nAChRs in the rat forebrain, and for individual animals related the results to behavioral performance on an auditory-cognitive task. We first show negligible binding of ¹⁸F-nifene in mice lacking the β2 nAChR subunit, consistent with previous findings that ¹⁸F-nifene binds to α4β2* nAChRs. We then examined the distribution of ¹⁸F-nifene in rat using three methods: in vivo PET, ex vivo PET and autoradiography. Generally, ¹⁸F-nifene labeled forebrain regions known to contain nAChRs, and the three methods produced similar relative binding among regions. Importantly, ¹⁸F-nifene also labeled some white matter (myelinated axon) tracts, most prominently in the temporal subcortical region that contains the auditory thalamocortical pathway. Finally, we related ¹⁸F-nifene binding in several forebrain regions to each animal's performance on an auditory-cued, active avoidance task. The strongest correlations with performance after 14 days training were found for ¹⁸F-nifene binding in the temporal subcortical white matter, subiculum, and medial frontal cortex (correlation coefficients, r > 0.8); there was no correlation with binding in the auditory thalamus or auditory cortex. These findings suggest that individual performance is linked to nicotinic functions in specific brain regions, and further support a role for nAChRs in sensory-cognitive function.Peer reviewedAuthor's Manuscript is also available open access in PubMed Central: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292694.This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Bieszczad, K. M., Kant, R., Constantinescu, C. C., Pandey, S. K., Kawai, H. D., Metherate, R., Weinberger, N. M. and Mukherjee, J. (2012), Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in rat forebrain that bind 18F-nifene: Relating PET imaging, autoradiography, and behavior. Synapse, 66: 418–434. doi: 10.1002/syn.21530, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/syn.21530. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving
Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome
No full textThis invention relates to prevention and treatment of diseases caused by group A streptococci. More particularly, this invention relates to an antibodies or antibody fragments for treating or preventing group A streptococcus-associated toxic shock syndrome.
Provided herein are methods of immunizing against, treating or preventing streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in a subject, by administration of a group Astreptococcus M protein, inclusive of fragments, variants or derivatives thereof, or an antibody that binds, or is raised against the M protein and optionally a group A streptococcus superantigen protein, inclusive of fragments, variants or derivatives thereof, or an antibody or antibody fragment that binds, or is raised against, the superantigen protein.Full Tex
Direct association between the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase and the Src homology 2-containing adapter protein Grb7
No full textAdapter proteins containing Src homology 2 (SH2) domains link transmembrane receptor protein-tyrosine kinases to downstream signal transducing molecules. A family of SH2 containing adapter proteins including Grb7 and Grb10 has been recently identified. We had previously shown that Grb10 associates with Ret via its SH2 domain in an activation-dependent manner (Pandey, A., Duan, H., Di Fiore, P.P., and Dixit, V.M. (1995) J. Biol, Chem. 270, 21461-21463). We now demonstrate that the related adapter molecule Grb7 also associates with Ret in vitro and in vivo, and that the binding of the SH2 domain of Grb7 to Ret is direct. This binding is dependent upon Ret autophosphorylation since Grb7 is incapable of binding a kinase-defective mutant of Ret. Thus two members of the Grb family, Grb7 and Grb10, likely relay signals emanating from Ret to other, as yet, unidentified targets within the cell
Deep Learning-Based Femoral Cartilage Automatic Segmentation in Ultrasound Imaging for Guidance in Robotic Knee Arthroscopy
No full textIn final from 18 October 2019.Knee arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgery used in the treatment of intra-articular knee pathology which may cause unintended damage to femoral cartilage. An ultrasound (US)-guided autonomous robotic platform for knee arthroscopy can be envisioned to minimise these risks and possibly to improve surgical outcomes. The first necessary tool for reliable guidance during robotic surgeries was an automatic segmentation algorithm to outline the regions at risk. In this work, we studied the feasibility of using a state-of-the-art deep neural network (UNet) to automatically segment femoral cartilage imaged with dynamic volumetric US (at the refresh rate of 1 Hz), under simulated surgical conditions. Six volunteers were scanned which resulted in the extraction of 18278 2-D US images from 35 dynamic 3-D US scans, and these were manually labelled. The UNet was evaluated using a five-fold cross-validation with an average of 15531 training and 3124 testing labelled images per fold. An intra-observer study was performed to assess intra-observer variability due to inherent US physical properties. To account for this variability, a novel metric concept named Dice coefficient with boundary uncertainty (DSCUB) was proposed and used to test the algorithm. The algorithm performed comparably to an experienced orthopaedic surgeon, with DSCUB of 0.87. The proposed UNet has the potential to localise femoral cartilage in robotic knee arthroscopy with clinical accuracy.M. Antico, F. Sasazawa, M. Dunnhofer, S.M. Camps, A.T. Jaiprakash, A.K. Pandey, R. Crawford, G. Carneiro, and D. Fontanaros
Similarities between 2D and 3D convection for large Prandtl number
No full textUsing direct numerical simulations of Rayleigh-B\'enard convection (RBC), we perform a comparative study of the spectra and fluxes of energy and entropy for large and infinite Prandtl numbers in two (2D) and three (3D) dimensions. We observe close similarities between the 2D and 3D RBC, in particular the kinetic energy spectrum , and the entropy spectrum exhibits a dual branch with a dominant spectrum. We showed that the dominant Fourier modes in the 2D and 3D flows are very close
Allele Mining for Crop Genomic Designing in Peanut
No full textThe dissection of naturally existing allelic variations in the candidate genes responsible for crucial agronomic traits is made possible by allele mining. Allele mining may now be used to analyze the precise allelic variations of functional genes found in a variety of peanut cultivars as a result of the finding, isolation, and characterization of several genes in peanut. The complex alleles serve as a reservoir of diversity to produce an array of functional genes. One of the primary mechanisms governing the evolution and development of R genes is regular sequence exchange. The generation of allele-specific markers for use in marker-assisted selection, together with the identification of new alleles and haplotypes, can be accomplished by allele mining. In modern plant breeding that is driven by genomics, allele mining can be seen as a crucial link between the efficient usage of genetic and genomic resources. The information presented here is crucial for giving the peanut breeder a valuable introduction to allele mining and its methods for the ground-breaking finding of novel alleles concealed in hereditary variation, which is essential for crop development. This chapter explores the theoretical underpinnings and use of allele mining techniques for the identification of alleles and their possible implications for peanut improvement
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