3,127 research outputs found
Legal regulation of prices in Tanzania : an examination of the Regulation of Prices Act 1973 as a tool of social change and development
No full textDrawing mainly from the Tazanian experience this study
attempts to review the principal issues in the legal regulation of
prices, by identifying both the general and specific importance
of law in this respect. The position I shall present is that
legal control is both necessary and desirable for the welfare
and social development of the people. The key issue is whether
the market-place will perform its function satisfactory: Will
it produce socially desirable results? If it will not, why will
it not? And will legal regulation help to do the job a little
better?
In an attempt to answer some of these questions,
first of all, outline the basic issues raised by the study in
the first Chapter. Then I examine the general case for price
controls - the theory about the controls, the motives and reasons
for their imposition and the manner in which they are effected
in different economic systems. This is done in Chapter Two. Relying
most on the available literature on the regulatory process, this
Chapter also looks at the relationship between law and economic
regulation and concludes that the effectiveness of law depends
on the existence of a conducive socio-economic environment. In
Chapter Three I describe the past record of price control laws
in Tanzania. I conclude that despite the failure in the past,
the controls still constitute an important policy instrument
in the transition to socialism. In Chapters Four and Five I describe
the manner in which the current regulations are implemented and
the problems encountered. I conclude that the operational performance
of the controls is constrained by internal and external influences on the economic and political life of the country. In the concluding
Chapter I assess the impact of the controls: Do the controls
work? Do people buy goods at the controlled prices? Why today
the controls are almost popularly accepted as worthwhile? I conclude
that while there may be no measurable economic gains derived
by consumers, the controls have a stabilising effect on the social
and political front. In the final section I argue that the
future success of the legislation depends on creating a correspondence
between the economic structures and the control system. What
makes the controls ineffective is not so much defects in the
law but the contradictions between the orientation of and functioning
of the economic system and the ideological commitment
Electrochemical Oscillations during Cathodic Polarizatioon Process of Aluminum Covered with Talc Coatings
No full textTalc coatings were produced with chemical method on the surface of pure aluminum. The characteristics of cathodic polarization in a 3.5% NaCl solution have been studied through the observation of the 'current oscillations' phenomenon
The Predictive Value of CA-125 and Hb for Ocular Metastasis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients
No full textXin Xiong,1,* Rong Rong,2,* Li-Ying Tang,3,* Tie Sun,1 Yi-Cong Pan,1 Hui-Ye Shu,1 Li-Juan Zhang,1 Qian-Min Ge,1 Rong-Bin Liang,1 Yi Shao1 1Department of Pathology and Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Centre of Natural Ocular Disease Clinical Research Center, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People’s Republic of China; 2Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361004, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yi Shao, Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yong Wai Zheng Street, Dong Hu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 791-88692520, Email [email protected]: To explore the risk factors of ocular metastasis (OM) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by analyzing the demographic characteristics and serum markers.Methods: From July 2002 to December 2012, 1064 HCC patients were included in our study. The chi-squared test and Student’s t-test were used to assess the difference between OM and any other metastasis (NOM). Receiver operating curve (ROC) was used to analyze the diagnostic value of serum biomarkers in HCC patients with OM.Results: The incidence of OM in HCC patients was 1.88% in our research. There are no significant differences in age, gender, or histopathology in the OM group and the group without any metastasis. Binary logistic regression analysis presented that compared with the patients without cancer metastasis, carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA-125) and hemoglobin (Hb) were risk factors in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with OM (P < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under the CA-125, Hb, and CA125+Hb curves were 0.877, 0.554, and 0.431, and the cutoff values of CA-125 and Hb each were 115.78 u/mL and 120.50 g/L.Conclusion: Our data suggest that CA-125 and Hb are risk indicators in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with OM, and that CA-125+Hb has potentially greater utility in diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma.Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, ocular metastases, CA-125, Hb, risk factor
Quality of Care in 100 Diabetic Patients in a Diabetes Clinic in Ardabil
No full textBackground & Objectives: Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder in which lacking of
control and suitable care lead to disability and mortality. American Diabetes Association
(ADA) has emphasized the medical care of diabetic patients and has suggested several
objectives to increase survival and improve health outcomes with low complications by
controlling the glycemic, lipids, nerupathy and hypertension as well as foot care, nutritional
therapy and screening of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the
quality of care in diabetic patients from Ardabil and its concordance to the standards
recommended by ADA.
Methods: In a cross sectional study, 100 diabetic patients referring to a clinic of diabetes in
Ardabil (2005) were randomly selected and enrolled.
The study was conducted according to a questionnaire with 90 questions and physical
examination and Final lab tests. Data were collected and analyzed with SPSS version 12.
ANOVA test was used to compare groups.
Results: The 12 months recorded lab tests for diabetic patients were as follows: Hb A1C in
33%, MicroAlbuminuria in 16%, HDL in 58% and LDL in 55% of patients had been checked.
Foot and peripheral pulses exams were only recorded in 9 and 5% of patients respectively. In
final lab tests, 24% of patients had favorable FBS level (90- 130mg/dl). 46% of patients had
suitable Hb A1C and 32% patients had MicroAlbuminuria. Aspirin was recommended to 45%
of patients over 50 years old.
Only 10% of patient for three lab tests (FBS, LDL cholesterol, Hb A1C) achieved the intended
aims. According to ADA recommendations 22% of patients for three risk factors (BP, LDL
cholesterol & Total cholesterol) were in optimal level.
Conclusion: There is a high difference between current diabetes care in our clinic and ADA
goals.
Key words: Quality of Care of DM; DM; ADA Recommendation
The mitogenic potential of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor in the human endometrium is mediated by the epidermal growth factor receptor and is modulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha
No full textHeparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF), a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, is implicated in a variety of biological processes, including reproduction. Previous studies describe increased levels of HB-EGF in the human endometrium during the midsecretory stage of the menstrual cycle, suggesting a function for HB-EGF in implantation of the human blastocyst. Here we have investigated the expression and function of the soluble and transmembrane forms of HB-EGF in the human endometrium. We show that the expression of the transmembrane form of HB-EGF in the human endometrium is modulated according to the stage of the menstrual cycle. We present data demonstrating that both the soluble and transmembrane forms of HB-EGF induce DNA synthesis in human endometrial stromal cells. Furthermore, TNFalpha has a cooperative effect on HB-EGF, EGF, TGFalpha, and betacellulin-induced DNA synthesis in stromal cells, suggesting roles for the EGF family and TNFalpha in regeneration and maturation of human endometrium. Induction of DNA synthesis by HB-EGF and its modulation by TNFalpha in endometrial stromal cells are mediated by the EGF receptor and not the HB-EGF receptor ErbB4. Our data suggest key functions for HB-EGF, TNFalpha, and the EGF receptor in endometrial maturation, via autocrine/paracrine and juxtacrine pathways, in preparation for embryo implantation
On the Security of Non-Linear HB (NLHB) Protocol Against Passive Attack
No full textAs a variant of the HB authentication protocol for RFID systems, which relies on the complexity of decoding linear codes against passive attacks, Madhavan et al. presented Non-Linear HB(NLHB) protocol. In contrast to HB, NLHB relies on the complexity of decoding a class of non-linear codes to render the passive attacks proposed against HB ineffective. Based on the fact that there has been no passive solution for the problem of decoding a random non-linear code, the authors have claimed that NLHB’s security margin is very close to its key size. In this paper, we show that passive attacks against HB protocol can still be applicable to NLHB and this protocol does not provide the desired security margin. In our attack, we first linearize the non-linear part of NLHB to obtain a HB equivalent for NLHB, and then exploit the passive attack techniques proposed for the HB to evaluate the security margin of NLHB. The results show that although NLHB’s security margin is relatively higher than HB against similar passive attack techniques, it has been overestimated and, in contrary to what is claimed, NLHB is vulnerable to passive attacks against HB, especially when the noise vector in the protocol has a low weight
광촉매 응용을 위한 반도체 나노입자 구조의 설계
No full text학위논문(박사) - 한국과학기술원 : 생명화학공학과, 2025.2,[vii, 96 p. :]Semiconductor nanocrystals exhibit unique optical and electronic properties due to quantum confinement, making them promising photocatalysts with advantages like high photostability and tunable optoelectrical properties. It can generate photogenerated carriers that actively participate in photocatalytic reactions. Strategies such as molecular catalysts, doping, ligands, junctions, and band edge adjustment enhance photon utilization. Current applications focus on simple reactions, necessitating further exploration into complex reactions with selectivity challenges. This study emphasizes designing semiconductor-based nanomaterials for photocatalysis, optimizing structure configurations, and understanding the relationship between structure and chemical reaction mechanisms. In this study, we have developed a high-performance photocatalyst for C-C coupling of benzyl alcohol and dry reforming of methane. In the former part, CdS-based photocatalyst for synthesizing HB with precisely controlled surface properties and structure, achieving high selectivity for HB synthesis by C-C coupling of benzyl alcohol. We employed strategies such as cysteamine passivation and Pt deposition to address issues related to photogenerated charge trapping and recombination, thereby enhancing the photocatalytic capability of CdS. With optimized Pt/CdS NSs as the photocatalyst, we investigated the impact of the Pt/CdS heterostructure on intermediate reactions, which in turn altered product selectivity. Specifically, excessive Pt suppresses the electron-induced benzaldehyde-to-intermediate reaction by consuming electrons for competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), leading to high selectivity toward benzaldehyde. In contrast, bare CdS without Pt suffers from insufficient charge supply for BzOH conversion due to the charge recombination issue, which promotes the subsequent conversion of HB to its derivatives. Notably, when Pt is precisely loaded to avoid dominant HER competition, the overall reaction rate increases, maintaining high selectivity towards HB and ensuring faster conversion of BzOH to HB rather than subsequent conversions of HB into its derivatives, thereby maximizing the HB yield. Subsequently, we have developed a photocatalyst that achieves a 93.4% conversion of 0.24 mmol BzOH with 85.3% selectivity toward HB under solar simulator irradiation (AM 1.5G). In the latter part, we studied the dry reforming of methane by using Cu-loaded TiO2. We investigated the impact of loaded Cu on the adsorption of reactants and reaction mechanisms. Specifically, the reversible Cu2+/Cu+ couple help with the oxygen exchange between CH4 and CO2, which is the driven force for the reaction. This work is expected to offer instructive guidance on rationally designing the photocatalyst.한국과학기술원 :생명화학공학과
Related data for: Bio-catalyzed Oxidation Self-Charging Zinc-Polymer Batteries
No full textOxidation self-charging batteries have emerged with the demand for powering electronic devices around the clock. The low efficiency of self-charging has been the key challenge at present. Here, a more efficient autoxidation self-charging mechanism is realized by introducing hemoglobin (Hb) as a positive electrode additive in the polyaniline (PANI)-zinc battery system. The heme acts as a catalyst that reduces the energy barrier of the autoxidation reaction by regulating the charge and spin state of O2. To realize self-charging, the adsorbed O2 molecules capture electrons of the reduced (discharged state) PANI, leading to the desorption of zinc ions and the oxidation of PANI to complete self-charging. The battery can discharge for 12 min (0.5 C) after 50 self-charging/discharge cycles, while there is nearly no discharge capacity in the absence of Hb. This biology-inspired electronic regulation strategy may inspire new ideas to boost the performance of self-charging batteries
On
No full textIn this paper, this author proved that always has
the integral solutions for Then we conjecture the equation always has the integral solutions
一种基于生产事件的生产过程跟踪方法
No full textThe present invention relates to a processing method for fine process tracking of complex manufacturing process in manufacturing execution systems. Complex manufacturing activities are logically abstracted to event aggregates consisting of a series of basic events unique identifying information, such as manufacturing batch or product bar codes etc., is determined as the unique identifier of the event traversing correlative records of the event according to the event identifier determined in the previous step, and eventually forming a trace tree whose leaf nodes are the target basic events performing the two previous steps repeatedly, and eventually forming several trace trees whose leaf nodes are the target basic events for every leaf node generated in the former step, performing nodes combination, and forming non-repeating target event aggregates and trace route aggregates ultimately extracting part of routes from the trace route aggregate as needed, performing induce and analysis on correlative events composing the trace route by applying business logic knowledge, to obtain tracking information of the whole controlled manufacturing process. Complex manufacturing process tracking is simplified, and processing efficiency is improved in the invention
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