215 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-tag-10.1177_17562848241237631 – Supplemental material for The emerging therapies are reshaping the first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-tag-10.1177_17562848241237631 for The emerging therapies are reshaping the first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and network meta-analysis by Wei Peng, Yangxun Pan, Lan Xie, Zhoutian Yang, Zhiwei Ye, Jinbin Chen, Juncheng Wang, Dandan Hu, Li Xu, Zhongguo Zhou, Minshan Chen, Aiping Fang and Yaojun Zhang in Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology</p
Stationary solutions for the Cahn-Hilliard equation
No full textWe study the Cahn-Hilliard equation in a bounded domain without any symmetry assumptions. We assume that the mean curvature of the boundary
has a nongenerate critical point. Then we show that there exists a spike-like stationary solution whose global maximum lies on the boundary. Our method is based on Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction and the Brouwer fixed-point theorem
Improving Blockchain Resilience to Network Partitioning by Sharding (Poster)
No full textBlockchain plays a significant role in cryptocurrencies and growing applications like smart contracts. However, prior blockchain algorithms did not consider large-scale network partitioning a considerable concern while relying heavily on a reliable global network. Previous works have shown a possibility of a massive disruption on the Internet. The author in [Jyothi, 2021] discusses the case of Internet disorder due to solar superstorms, which can disconnect different geographical regions from each other for months. Partitioning attacks are also notable concerns that should be considered, in which their goal is to cut connections between a set of nodes and the rest of the network.
In the case of network partitioning, the main chain will fork into branches, and miners in different disconnected regions will create multiple blocks in parallel. The longest chain rule in current blockchain systems accepts only one of the branches after the network is recovered, and because of that, all blocks in other branches will be pruned. Losing a considerable number of mined blocks is not tolerable and significantly impacts the reliability of the ledger and miners' benefit.
In this work, we aim to improve blockchain resilience by designing a partition-tolerance blockchain system that: (1) split into branches when network partition happens. (2) merge existing branches into one when the network goes back to normal. (3) ensure the safety and integrity of the blockchain.
Newly mined blocks will be collectively signed by a group of miners with a BFT protocol similar to ByzCoin[Kogias et al., 2016], where the consensus group is formed by the miners of the previous w blocks. When a network partition happens, only part of the consensus group can be reached; thus the number of signers w_b of the new block will be less than w. If a block with w_b signers is published, every node in the partition learns that they are now in a branch with around w_b/w of the total hashing power, and it can be identified by the signature of the block. After the network recovers, miners will receive multiple branches, and they mine on a merging block which points to the last block of each branch as the parent blocks. The consensus group will be selected from each branch according to the branch size. Transactions in each partition are preserved after merging
Compact quartz-enhanced photoacoustic sensor for ppb-level ambient NO2 detection by use of a high-power laser diode and a grooved tuning fork
No full textA compact quartz-enhanced photoacoustic sensor for ppb-level ambient NO2 detection is demonstrated, in which a high-power blue laser diode module with a small divergence angle was employed to take advantages of the directly proportional relationship between sensitivity and power, hence improving the detection sensitivity. In order to extend the stability time, a custom grooved quartz tuning fork with 800-um prong spacing is employed to avoid complex signal balance and/or optical spatial filter components. The sensor performance is optimized and assessed in terms of optical coupling, power, gas flow rate, pressure, signal linearity and stability. A minimum detectable concentration (1 sigma) of 7.3 ppb with an averaging time of 1 s is achieved, which can be further improved to be 0.31 ppb with an averaging time of 590 s. Continuous measurements covering a five-day period are performed to demonstrate the stability and robustness of the reported NO2 sensor system
Multiple boundary peak solutions for some singularly perturbed Neumann problems
No full textWe consider the problem \left \{
\begin{array}{rcl} \varepsilon^2 \Delta u - u + f(u) = 0 & \mbox{ in }& \ \Omega\\ u > 0 \ \mbox{ in} \ \Omega, \ \frac{\partial u}{\partial \nu} = 0 & \mbox{ on }& \ \partial\Omega,
\end{array} \right. where \Omega is a bounded smooth domain in R^N, \varepsilon>KK-peakH(P)K-peak$ solutions.
We first use the Liapunov-Schmidt method to reduce the problem to finite dimensions.
Then we use a maximizing procedure to obtain multiple boundary spikes
Spikes for the Gierer-Meinhardt system in two dimensions: The strong coupling case
No full textNumerical computations often show that the Gierer-Meinhardt system has stable
solutions which display patterns of multiple interior peaks
(often also called spots). These patterns are also frequently observed
in natural biological systems.
It is assumed that the
diffusion rate of the activator is very small and the
diffusion rate of the inhibitor is
finite (this is the so-called strong-coupling case).
In this paper, we rigorously
establish the existence and stability of such
solutions of the full Gierer-Meinhardt system in two dimensions
far from homogeneity.
Green's function together with its derivatives plays
a major role
L'inhibition de PARP1 autonome des cellules cancéreuses améliore l'immunosurveillance
No full textLa poly(ADP-ribose) polymérase 1 (PARP1) est une enzyme dont l’activité élevée dans les cancers pulmonaires non à petites cellules (CPNPC) chez l’homme est de mauvais pronostic et corrélée à une faible infiltration tumorale de lymphocytes cytotoxiques. Ici, nous avons voulu déterminer si l’activité de PARP1 pouvait altérer l’immunosurveillance des CPNPC. Nous avons développé des cellules de cancers de poumon de souris avec une activité élevée, basse ou inexistante de PARP1. Ces cellules injectées à des souris immunodéficientes ou immunocompétentes nous ont permis montrer que l’activité élevée de PARP1 dans les cellules malignes a un effet immunosuppresseur. De plus, nous avons montré in vivo l’effet thérapeutique du Niraparib, un inhibiteur de PARP1, sur les cellules cancéreuses avec une forte activité de PARP1 sans l’intervention des lymphocytes T alors que l’efficacité inattendue du Niraparib sur les tumeurs issues de cellules malignes dépourvues de PARP1 dépendait strictement des cellules T.Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is an enzyme whose high activity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in humans has a poor prognosis and correlates with low tumor infiltration of cytotoxic lymphocytes. Here, we wanted to determine whether the activity of PARP1 could alter the immunosurveillance of NSCLC. We developed mouse lung cancer cells with high, low or no PARP1 activity. These cells injected into immunodeficient or immunocompetent mice allowed us to show that the high activity of PARP1 in malignant cells has an immunosuppressive effect. In addition, we showed in vivo that the therapeutic effect of Niraparib, a clinically used PARP1 inhibitor, on cancer cells with a strong activity of PARP1 occurs without the intervention of T lymphocytes while the unexpected efficacy of Niraparib on tumors lacking PARP1 activity depends on T cells
Urban complex : between institutions and space
No full textThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 107-110).This research studies hyper-dense, non-planned, informally repurposed, and mix-use buildings in contemporary Chinese cities. Growing population density and a booming urban economy in the past decades have created an incentive to re-utilize more lucratively mid- and large-scale, mix-use buildings that occupy prime locations in cities. In these buildings where the current usage exceeds the allowed occupancy and differs from planned and designed purpose, individual actors and relevant stakeholders establish self-organized institutions, along with formal governance, to manage the common-pool resources inside these buildings. The research describes such buildings as an urban complex because of not just the mix-use quality, but also the intertwined, transforming structure of social institutions. As formal and informal institutional setups interact to invent dynamic structures for collective action and governance to address the limited common-pool resources inside the informally repurposed, mix-use buildings, a unique urbanism in the inside begins to emerge. To analyze such an environment, I propose to study such an environment through a holistic lens that takes into account the interaction of spatial organization and existing social networks. Seeing such a unique environment as a lesson for addressing urban informality and commoning in cities at large, I aim to speculate potential guiding principles for improvements or reinvention.by Juncheng Yang.S.M.S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architectur
L'inhibition de PARP1 autonome des cellules cancéreuses améliore l'immunosurveillance
No full textPoly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is an enzyme whose high activity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in humans has a poor prognosis and correlates with low tumor infiltration of cytotoxic lymphocytes. Here, we wanted to determine whether the activity of PARP1 could alter the immunosurveillance of NSCLC. We developed mouse lung cancer cells with high, low or no PARP1 activity. These cells injected into immunodeficient or immunocompetent mice allowed us to show that the high activity of PARP1 in malignant cells has an immunosuppressive effect. In addition, we showed in vivo that the therapeutic effect of Niraparib, a clinically used PARP1 inhibitor, on cancer cells with a strong activity of PARP1 occurs without the intervention of T lymphocytes while the unexpected efficacy of Niraparib on tumors lacking PARP1 activity depends on T cells.La poly(ADP-ribose) polymérase 1 (PARP1) est une enzyme dont l’activité élevée dans les cancers pulmonaires non à petites cellules (CPNPC) chez l’homme est de mauvais pronostic et corrélée à une faible infiltration tumorale de lymphocytes cytotoxiques. Ici, nous avons voulu déterminer si l’activité de PARP1 pouvait altérer l’immunosurveillance des CPNPC. Nous avons développé des cellules de cancers de poumon de souris avec une activité élevée, basse ou inexistante de PARP1. Ces cellules injectées à des souris immunodéficientes ou immunocompétentes nous ont permis montrer que l’activité élevée de PARP1 dans les cellules malignes a un effet immunosuppresseur. De plus, nous avons montré in vivo l’effet thérapeutique du Niraparib, un inhibiteur de PARP1, sur les cellules cancéreuses avec une forte activité de PARP1 sans l’intervention des lymphocytes T alors que l’efficacité inattendue du Niraparib sur les tumeurs issues de cellules malignes dépourvues de PARP1 dépendait strictement des cellules T
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