1,770 research outputs found
Sports Fans' Evaluations of Sporting Code Innovations
No full textToday's professional sports are frequently evolving and changing their design, structure and format. Many such innovations have been spurred on by the opportunity to capitalise financially on new markets and increase profit. This study used both quantitative (survey) and qualitative (depth interviews) methods in order to examine fans' attitudes towards the current state of Rugby Union, Rugby League, Netball, Soccer and Cricket. The findings for Rugby Union concluded that the recent experimental law variations have succeeded in what they were introduced to do. Fans believe that Rugby is more exciting to watch than ever before and that it is now a faster and more attack-focused contest. Fans believe that Rugby League has improved following the introduction of the video referee and in particular by the use of two on-field referees. They believe that it is now a more exciting and faster game. Fans also believe that salary caps are good for Rugby League and help to increase competition and spread the wealth of talent among the teams. Netball fans are excited by possible new innovations and show support for the inclusion of power plays, two point goals, rolling substitutions and increased physical contact. Fans believe that Soccer needs to adopt technology in order to help its officials but they also admire the traditionalism of the code. Surprisingly, fans show support for increasing the sizes of Soccer‟s goals in order to make it easier for teams to score. Fans show support for Twenty20 cricket and seem undeterred by recent match fixing scandals. There is also evident support for the introduction of Beach Cricket to New Zealand. Analysing fans' attitudes towards professional sport's product innovations has led to a final implication and conclusion for the administrators and governing bodies of professional sport. That is, it would be wise to keep the traditional codes and their formats as traditional as possible. However, evolve the same sport in to a completely separate format in order to financially capitalise on different markets. Twenty20 cricket is a perfect example of this
Consumption outside the market: an ethnography of consumer resistance among football fans
Full text linkThis study analysed football fandom utilising an ethnographic approach. Football fandom was selected as a research site for the study because it offered scope to explore for the presence of non-traditional forms of cultural capital (Bourdieu 1984).
It also offered scope to explore the extent to which fandom was a form of sacred consumption (Belk et a1 1989). Ethnography was selected as an appropriate methodology for several reasons. It provided the opportunity to develop a holistic perspective on fandom and it further provided scope to utilise an emergent design approach in the development of a conceptual understanding of fandom. What emerged fiom the ethnographic investigation of two separate football fan communities was that consumers experience and maintain a sense of the sacred by operating their own unofficial markets in competition with the official market in fanrelated goods and services. They also maintain localised systems of cultural capital which allow them to socially construct and maintain a sense of hierophany within their own communities (Belk et a1 1989), in opposition to the homogenised fan identity proffered by the official market. These systems of cultural capital not only allow fans to experience the sacred but also facilitate their sense of relationship with like-minded others in self-selecting communities of shared taste
Spectrums of investment in Doctor Who fandom
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.Drawing upon a significant weight of empirical data, collected in the field, this thesis proposes a set of four spectrums of investment engaged in by cult media fans: the spectrum of financial investment; the spectrum of what is here termed 'participatory investment'; the spectrum of investment in the idea of textual authenticity; and the spectrum of multiple investments. The spectrum model allows the individual members of the research sample to be located within specific regions of each spectrum and correlations to be drawn between the distinct spectrums, in order for any patterns which emerge to be examined. The thesis also reviews a number of relevant theoretical concerns such as fan studies, ethnography and social psychology
PENERAPAN INOVASI TEKNOLOGI PADI SAWAH DI WILAYAH PERBATASAN KOTA JAYAPURA PAPUA
Full text linkApplication of Rice Paddy Technology Innovation in Border Area of City Jayapura Papua. Build agriculture in border areas with high biophysical and social diversity, appropriate, well-balanced, and well -programmed approaches are required. The biophysical diversity of the border area is actually a great potential if it is utilized in an objective and optimal manner. Agricultural development of border areas should be locally specific with an emphasis on biophysical-technical and socio-economic suitability. Development of agricultural commodities in border areas should be projected on activities and businesses that are capable of providing economically efficient economic benefits, not polluting the environment, and culturally acceptable to society. Ecological constraints can be overcome by the application of technological innovations that have been produced by IAARD in a proper target. The purpose of the assessment was to know the feasibility of introduction of technology in the border area of Murakami District, Jayapura City. Introdiced innovations were on-farm and off-farm approaches with treatment system “Jajar Legowo”, “Tegel” and “Tabela Paralon”. Land area for each treatment was 1 ha. Methods of data collection were with direct observation, interviews, and tiles and the type of data collected included agronomic parameters. The data were analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis. The results of the study showed that the generative component of growth was significant yet when the generative phase was not significant. “Jajar Legowo” system farm income was relatively higher compared to “Tegel” and “Tabela” system, which showed the value of RC, BC and MBCR. The MBCR introduces value “Jajar Legowo” to “Tegel” was 9.43 and “Jajar Legowo” to “Tabela was 3.47.Keywords: paddy rice, technology innovation, border areaABSTRAKMembangun pertanian di kawasan perbatasan yang memiliki keragaman biofisik dan sosial yang tinggi, diperlukan pendekatan yang tepat, berimbang, dan terprogram (appropriate, well-balanced, and well-programmed). Keragaman biofisik kawasan perbatasan sesungguhnya merupakan potensi yang besar bila dimanfaatkan secara terarah dan optimal. Pembangunan pertanian kawasan perbatasan hendaknya bersifat lokal spesifik dengan mengutamakan kesesuaian teknis-biofisik dan sosial-ekonomi. Pengembangan komoditas pertanian di wilayah perbatasan hendaknya diproyeksikan pada kegiatan dan usaha yang mampu memberikan keuntungan ekonomi secara teknis efisien, tidak mencemari lingkungan, dan secara kultural dapat diterima masyarakat. Kendala ekologi dapat diatasi dengan penerapan inovasi teknologi yang telah banyak dihasilkan Badan Litbang Pertanian secara tepat sasaran. Tujuan pengkajian untuk mengetahui kelayakan introduksi teknologi di wilayah perbatasan Distrik Muaratami Kota Jayapura. Inovasi yang diintroduksikan adalah on-farm dan off-farm dengan perlakuan Sistem Tanam Jajar Legowo, Tegel, dan Tabela Paralon. Luas lahan untuk setiap perlakuan masing-masing 1 ha. Metode pengumpulan data dengan pengamatan langsung, wawancara, dan ubinan. Jenis data yang dikumpulkan meliputi parameter agronomis. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan komponen pertumbuhan generatif signifikan namun pada saat generatif tidak signifikan. Pendapatan usahatani sistem Jajar Legowo relatif lebih tinggi, dibandingkan sistem Tegel dan sistem Tabela, yang ditunjukan nilai RC, BC dan MBCR. Nilai MBCR introduksi Jajar Legowo terhadap Tegel 9,43 dan introduksi Jajar Legowo terhadap Tabela 3,47.Kata kunci: padi sawah, inovasi teknologi, wilayah perbatasa
[[alternative]]A Study of Chinese Fans
No full text[[abstract]]English AbstractActually fans originate very early in Chinese history. From those bamboo fans found in the tombs of the War-Period and the West-Han dynasties, as well as those Chinese antique paintings, we know the developments and changes of Chinese fans can be traced back to a long time ago. But, the usage of round fans has a longer history. In the poems and essays of the Tang and Song dynasties, as well as the related documentary materials, round fans have been mentioned numerous times. However, folding fans became popular only after the Ming Dynasty. All of the four great artists of the Soochow School, Shen Thou, Wen Tzeng-ming, Tang Yin, Qiu Ying in the Ming, were the experts of fan paintings. Many fan works accomplished by them could be still found today. In the Ching Dynasty, folding fans became much more popular. Almost all artists, including royal or civil painters, were good at this kind of creative job. Because of their influence, various kinds of fan papers and fan bones were continuously renovated. New forms of fans were so prevailing in the market afterwards. When the Republic was founded, the modes and styles of Chinese art were also succeeded. Folding fans were even more popular in the art society. The famous painters in the northern China such as Qi Bai-shi, Wang Xue-tao, Jin Cheng, Liu Kui-ling, Chen Shao-mei, Wu Chang-shuo and other artists in Shanghai area, and those masters of the Lin-nan School Gao Jian-fu, Gao Qi-feng and Chen Shu-jen were all both interested in and good at fan paintings. The later artists such as Wu Hu-fan, Zhang Da-qian, Pu Ru, and those renowned actors in Chinese opera could also grasp the nuances of fan paintings. The heritage and traditions of fan paintings were therefore kept well without any disruptions. Since 1949, because of the change of life style, the influence of western culture and the transfer of art trends, fan painting was on the wane. It was no more the main form of art. However, the Mainland China’s and Hong Kong’s art markets in recent years showed that the fan paintings were so welcome and could even break the records of hammer price. Fan paintings indeed attracted the attention of art markets again. Oriented by profits, fake fan paintings appeared constantly in auctions and some other art markets. Thus the means and methods of judging and evaluating fan paintings become much more important than ever. After the founding of the Republic, the main achievement about fan art has lied in the folding fans. And round fans, once popular in the Tang and Song dynasties, have become secondary in terms of art forms. Since so many outstanding artists found in the field of the fan production and bone carving of the folding fans, a list of the active bone carvers in the first part of 20th century was made herewith for reference. As an appendix, after a careful checking with the related art books and auction catalogues, another list of the artists painting fans was also prepared orderly by their birth years. In terms of the structure of folding fans, fan papers and fan bones are the two main parts of folding fans. Other than those precious bamboo materials such as Shan-fei and Mei-loo, ivory, tortoiseshell, some high quality woods can be also used for the fan bones. Different skills of carving were applied to fan bones. Those skills were mentioned respectively for comparison and analysis. With regard to fan papers, gold leaves were often used in the Ming Dynasty. In the era of the Republic, though gold leaves were no longer popular, all these related products such as mud-gold, body-gold, spot-gold, cold-gold, piece-gold, rain-gold could be widely seen in paper shops. Since so many scholars with various views on this aspect, a clarification is not only essential but also necessary to be made in this paper for your easy reference. The creative work of fan paintings, however, has not only one face for appreciation, while poems, calligraphy and seals have also playing a role. The positions and contents of the artists’ signatures and relevant wordings in folding fans are also crucial for making a successful visual expression and impression. There are at least more than sixteen ways of doing it and seven of them can be often found in fan paintings. A list of such was made for your information. Strictly speaking, no big improvements in the fields of the fan material production or skills of visual language were made in the Republic period. But the following respects worth your notice:1. The appearance of colllective fans: usually there are four or eight parts of a piece of fan paper divided equally both for painting and calligraphy.2. The increase of collaborated fan paintings: fan painting’s space is quite limited. In fact, the form of one painting matching with one calligraphy has already demonstrated a kind of cooperation. The appearance of collective fans has further fostered the joint efforts of fan artists, which could be attributed to the increase of art groups after the founding of the Republic. 3. The emerge of opera fans: in the beginning of the Republic era, the actors of the opera companies were used to learn Chinese ink painting with famous artists such as Qi Bai-shi, Wang Xue-tao, Wang Meng-bai, Yao Mong-fu, etc. Among those opera actors Jeng Miao-shan, Chen Yen-chiu, Shan Shao-yun, Shun Hui-sen, Yu Tzen-fei, Ma Lien-lan, Yen Ju-peng, Hwang Kui-qiu were found very good at fan paintings. The name of opera fans therefore became more famous.Talking about the collecting folding fans, various methods of keeping Chinese fans are listed. The problems for collection room as temperature, humidity, moisture, sunlight, and biological factors are also discussed for the purpose of highlighting the importance of environments. Finally, not only the problems of fake fan painting and the methods of judging them are discussed but how to increase the ability of appreciating fans are also suggested.
Design of Ducted Fans of Small Height for Hexacopter with Long Hover Ability
No full textInvestigated is the ability of the usage of small height ducted fans in multicopters for increase in the hover time and protecting the propellers and surrounding. A set of numerical and experimental investigations concerning duct aerodynamics and efficiency of electrical part (drive, speed controller, accumulator) was conducted. The effects of interference between two ducted fans situated close to each other are also investigated
Austen's fans and fans' Austen
No full textAbstract
A corpus of Jane Austen's fanfic is constructed from sequels published in print and on line; it is then compared with a corpus of Austen's own writing, as well as one of contemporary romance fiction. Through analysis of the corpora, the “vertical intertextuality” of Austen's text and the fanfic corpus, and the “horizontal intertextuality” of contemporary romance fiction corpora and the fanfic corpus are articulated. The results illustrate that, although claiming to emulate her writing faithfully, Austen's fans reconstruct a modern Austen who is writing contemporary romance fiction through the “old” characters such as Elizabeth and Darcy. The different “Austens” emerging from this corpus research and other scholars' reading of Austen suggest that the death of the “Author” is only part of the story: we see not only the Author's death and the birth of the Reader, but a ghostly projection of a new “Author” in the reader's cultural context.</jats:p
Fans and irons taken upon arrival
No full textPollock describes his experience, witnessing electric fans and irons being confiscated when internees arrived at the Fresno Assembly Center.Walter E. Pollock was the head of the service division at the Fresno Assembly Center. He was deeply affected by his time working at the center and was working on a memoir of his experiences there, but unfortunately passed away before it could be completed. The collection contains his research and draft chapters
Performance Comparison of Destratification Fans for Large Spaces
No full textAbstractCeiling fan is proven to have a beneficial effect on increasing air velocity and reducing temperature stratification and thus saving energy for high ceiling applications. Studies show that the velocities produced by large diameter, ceiling mounted fans do not produce a negative or positive effect on human comfort. Recently, smaller, high velocity fans have been introduced to the market as an alternative to these large diameter fans that provides similar energy savings due to reduced destratification, while still not moving the air fast enough to cause human discomfort, though these products have been studied less. This study simulates and compares the performance of both large and small diameter fans using a validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. Two different types of destratification fans are investigated for their performance in destratifying the air temperatures in warehouse style retail stores. A portion of a retail store is used as a base to create the test environment. Simulations show that the small diameter high speed fan (SDHSF) is very good at bringing a well-mixed column of air all the way to the floor, but the spaces without a fan directly overhead are hardly affected. The large diameter low speed fans (LDLSF) are able to mix nearly the entire space, though they created uncomfortable drafts near head height. Between these two fans, the LDLSF is more successful at destratifying the entire space, though the SDHSF is better at only destratifying a specific, smaller area. Varying the speed of the LDLSF also allows for successful destratification, while maintaining acceptable draft velocities
Ship fans
No full textPrilikom pisanja ovog završnog rada posebno treba tražiti svaku interakcijsku mogućnost za postizanje pozitivnog učinka u svezi primjene brodskih ventilatora primjenjujući metode i postupke koje u danim okolnostima mogu dati optimalne rezultate pa stoga ono ostaje kao imperativ u sadašnjosti, ali i u budućnosti da treba istražiti nove načine korištenja i primjene ventilatora na brodu. Propise u svezi primjene i korištenja brodskih ventilatora, npr. za grijanje i hlađenje brodskih prostorija za teret, posadu i putnike treba nadopunjavati slobodno potrebama u praksi. Inicijativna zakonodavstva u globalnom i lokalnom smislu radi testiranja brodskih misija na svjetskim morima moraju još više potaći istraživanja glede razvoja modela i načina primjene i korištenja ventilatora na brodu, ali i u komercijalne svrhe. Poslije uvodnih razmatranja i impostacije teme navodi se definicija i osnovna obilježja brodske ventilacije, a zatim autor iznosi najnovija dostignuća vezana za brodske ventilatore. U drugom dijelu rada se daje pregled radnih operacija vezanih za ventilatore na brodu. Vezano uz to autor nudi nekoliko praktičnih prijedloga.In writing this final paper, every interactional possibility should be sought to achieve a positive effect on marine fans by applying methods and procedures that can give optimal results in the given circumstances and therefore it remains an imperative in the present but also in the future to explore new uses and on-board fan applications. Regulations regarding the application and use of marine fans, eg for heating and cooling of ship's cargo spaces, crew and passengers, should be freely supplemented by practical needs. Initiative legislation in the global and local sense to test ship missions in the world's seas must further encourage research into the development of models and methods of application and use of fans on board, but also for civilian purposes. After introductory considerations and the introduction of the topic, the definition and basic features of ship ventilation are given, and then the author presents the latest achievements II related to ship fans. The second part of the paper gives an overview of the working operations of the fans on board. In this regard, the author offers several practical suggestions
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