1,721,154 research outputs found

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Designing Simply Supported R.C. Bridge Decks Subjected to In-Plane Actions: Strut-and-Tie Model Approach

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    The evaluation of the effects of seismic action on the decks of multi-girder bridges is often neglected by practitioners because it is thought that seismic code prescriptions (i.e., deck elastic behavior and minimum reinforcement) in addition to ultimate limit state reinforcement dimensioning for permanent and variable load, do not justify more accurate analyses aimed at checking and/or optimizing reinforcement layout. With the aim of verifying the reliability of this kind of approach, this article proposes a step-bystep procedure, based on the Strut-and-TieModel, for the design of R.C. girder bridge decks subjected to in-plane seismic actions. As a first application, the proposed approach is used for a single span girder bridge deck. The influence on the model of geometry and supports of the bridge deck as well as the layout of girders and cross-beams is also investigated

    Technology and assessment questions on reinforced concrete beams built at the beginning of the 20th century

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    In European cities there are many R.C. buildings and constructions belonging to the early 20th century and, in most cases, these pieces of work so rich in historical, architectural and cultural significance urgently require maintenance and rehabilitation. It appears particularly important to study in detail the historical examples, and to recognize those characters and technical details of the solutions in order to keep the trace of the history and preserve the memory of the architectural and structural 20th century buildings. Reinforced concrete works, from the origins until the release of the first national technical standards, were builtby applying patented systems (i.e. the Monnier’s or the Hennebique’s system) that were often the result of individual intuitions more than the product of coherent and established scientific and technical knowledge. This is one of the reasons why many of structures built in those years, and still surviving, could not be considered reliable with regard to the structural safety, as it is presently intended. In this scenario, the evaluation of R.C. beam shear capacity becomes crucial. In this paper, starting from the tests carried out in Stuttgart in the early 20th century, an analysis of shear capacity evaluation is presented. The aim is to show that the relations given for ‘new beams’ in the present codes cannot be used, without any modification, for the verification of ‘historical beams

    A first approach to optimum design of cable supported bridges using load path method

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    Born as a method to design strut-and-tie models in reinforced concrete structures, the load path method (LPM) shows its effectiveness in the easy perception of the physical behaviour of a structure, from its global behaviour to the most accurate details. In this paper, starting from the interpretation of cable-supported bridge behaviour using LPM, two different approaches are proposed for the shape optimum design of this particular type of bridge
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