1,720,965 research outputs found
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension in Pregnancy. A Systematic Review on Clinical Course, Treatments, Delivery and Maternal‐Fetal Outcome
Get PDFBackground: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) during pregnancy presents significant challenges due to the physiological gestational changes, which can exacerbate its symptoms. Methods: We conducted a systematic review on studies reporting maternal-fetal outcomes of IIH during pregnancy, selecting 49 papers reporting on clinical course, management strategies, and mode of delivery. Results: We retrieved 165 patients with 178 pregnancies affected by IIH. Obesity represented a common risk factor (69.1%), but the association with other cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors was poorly discussed. Overall, 62.9% presented worsening of the headache and 66.8% impairing visual disturbances, but these data were extrapolated from single cases or small series comporting a selection bias potentially overestimating the real risk. First-line treatment is currently represented by acetazolamide (52 cases) or other diuretics (4 cases) associated with weight control. Serial lumbar punctures (LP) were reported in 26.9% of cases of ineffective pharmacological treatment. Shunt (3.9%) and optic nerve sheath fenestration (1.1%) were overall performed in a minority of cases. Second-line management was characterized by serial LP in patients initially treated only with diuretics and shunt placement (4.5%) or optic nerve sheath fenestration (1.7%) for patients requiring continuous CSF subtractions. Conclusions: Although pregnancy-related physiological changes may exacerbate the IIH and the actual risk remains difficult to quantify, this appears overall low in terms of re-exacerbation of the disease or de-novo onset. Diuretics, in particular acetazolamide, that did not show a causal relationship with congenital malformations, and serial lumbar punctures represent safe and effective first-line managements, whereas shunt procedures should be reserved for fulminant cases. A pre-gestational symptoms relief seems to reduce the probability of a severe worsening in pregnancy
Targeted Versus NonTargeted Epidural Blood Patch for Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Get PDFBackground: Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is characterized by CSF leakage leading to orthostatic headaches and neurological deficits. In some cases, it can be extremely severe to cause nausea, vomiting, and vertigo. Despite conservative treatment, epidural blood patch remains the optimal approach for empiric resolution of symptoms. However, the medical community lacks consensus regarding the best approach to use: targeted epidural blood patch (TEBP) versus nontargeted epidural blood patch (NTEBP). Methods: A systematic review and metanalysis was conducted on multiple databases with a two-step selection process in order to exclude studies with insufficient data, irrelevance, and lack of comparative analysis between the two procedures. From the included studies, we comparatively analyzed overall good outcomes, success at first attempts, and relapse rates between the groups of study. Results: We included seven studies matching our inclusion criteria. No significant difference was noted between the TEBP and NTEBP groups concerning the improved overall outcome and success at first attempt. Similarly, comparable statistical significance was noted concerning the relapse rates. Conclusion: TEBP and NTEBP are both effective treatments for SIH. However, given the lack of statistical difference between the interventions, along with considerations such as the patient risk profiles, physician expertise, and avoidance of invasive imaging procedures, the analysis suggests that NTEBP may be considered a viable initial approach, regardless of the identification of the leak
Illuminating glioma surgery: A meta-analysis of Raman spectroscopy for intraoperative decision-making
No full textPrecise tumor characterization is key in glioma surgery. Raman spectroscopy offers real-time, molecular-level tissue analysis for intraoperative guidance. This meta-analysis synthesizes current applications of Raman spectroscopy in glioma surgery. Systematic literature search in PubMed/MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library through March 15, 2025, using the algorithm: “Raman AND (brain tumor OR glioma OR glioblastoma) AND (surgery OR intraoperative)” retrieved 206 studies. Studies evaluating intraoperative Raman spectroscopy for glioma diagnosis, using histopathology/molecular biology as the reference standard, were included. Meta-analysis, following PRISMA-DTA/STARD guidelines, compared Raman spectroscopy to histopathology/molecular biology. Pooled analyses assessed Raman spectroscopy’s ability to: (1) delineate tumor margins; (2) grade high-grade (HGG) versus low-grade gliomas (LGG); (3) distinguish astrocytomas from oligodendrogliomas; (4) classify IDH-wildtype (IDHwt) versus IDH-mutant (IDHmut) gliomas; and (5) discriminate gliomas from other brain tumors. From 206 studies, 19 were used in pooled analyses. For tumor vs. normal tissue, pooled sensitivity was 95.66%, and specificity was 86.13%, with heterogeneity due to varying definitions of “normal” tissue. Differentiation of HGG vs. LGG had Limited data; one study showed 91% sensitivity and 87% specificity. Astrocytoma vs. oligodendroglioma differentiation showed a pooled sensitivity of 89.9% and specificity of 86.4%. IDHwt vs. IDHmut glioma classification had a pooled sensitivity of 91.4% and specificity of 90.4%. For glioma vs. other brain tumors, pooled sensitivity was 91.2% and specificity was 91.6%. Raman spectroscopy shows potential for intraoperative glioma characterization. Standardization is needed for better comparison across studies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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