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The Interaction Order in an “Artistic” Program Financed by a French Industrial Company for Its Chinese Workers : The Various Meanings of “Art” Negotiated in the Management of Social Differences and the Control of Production
No full textLes travers négatifs que l’on attribue généralement à la discipline d’usine tendent à converger vers ceux dont le rôle est de maintenir l’ordre au sein de l’atelier de production. On se représente tantôt les figures de l’encadrement d’atelier comme celle du contremaître circulant parmi les lignes ou comme celle du robot rythmant les gestes et les cadences. Pour autant, les discours de « modernisation » du management industriel ne cessent d’enjoindre les ouvriers à laisser libre cours à leur « initiative » ou à leur « créativité » dans le quotidien du travail. Les employés d’usine sont alors exhortés à « travailler en toute autonomie » et invités à « manager leur poste par eux-mêmes ». Cette communication se conjugue à des modes de gestion qui enjoignent les ouvriers à exprimer leur ressenti vis-à-vis des méthodes de production en vigueur : ils contribuent, ce faisant, à cultiver la perspective selon laquelle l'évaluation de l'autorité peut effectivement participer à réformer l'ordre établi.À partir d’une expérience d’immersion, notre analyse se propose d’explorer ces figures de l’encadrement direct ou, en d’autres termes, ces rôles selon lesquels les membres de l’encadrement industriel sont amenés à travailler en contact étroit avec les ouvriers. On effectue cette recherche à travers le cas d’un programme « artistique » développé par une entreprise industrielle de droit français à l’attention de ses ouvriers chinois. Prenant initialement la forme de résidences artistiques au sein de l’usine, ce programme s’incarne aujourd’hui à travers une forme « d’accompagnement artistique » qui consiste en la réalisation de projets et d’activités se réclamant d’un registre « artistique », avec les ouvriers.Au-delà des réalisations qui en résultent et auxquelles nous portons une attention spécifique, l’observation empirique de la mise en œuvre de ce programme met au jour son insertion dans une technologie d’encadrement managérial plus large, dans un contexte de précarisation des conditions sociales et économiques au sein de l’usine mais aussi, dans un contexte où les contre-pouvoirs à l’œuvre, au sein des ateliers de production, sont particulièrement peu visibles pour une direction délocalisée. Cette approche met ainsi en évidence le rôle de cet « accompagnement artistique » – et de ceux qui en sont les dépositaires – dans la gestion des écarts sociaux et dans le contrôle de la production au sein de l’entreprise. L’analyse des relations entre les ouvriers et les responsables du programme, qui semblent au premier abord s’établir sur le fondement d’un consentement mutuel, révèle à la fois leur particulière fragilité et leur caractère asymétrique. Au travers de ces relations se jouent, plus largement, la façon dont chacun endosse et façonne son rôle sous l’effet de ses dispositions individuelles et singulières. Ainsi, outre l’analyse des pratiques d’atelier et du fonctionnement institutionnel spécifique que cette localisation particulière permet de mettre au jour, s’inspirer d’une perspective analytique de la microsociologie interactionnelle pour inscrire notre enquête dans le champ des études aréales a également pour visée de ménager l’accès à un matériau de première main qui renseigne tant sur les conditions de travail que sur les trajectoires singulières des salariés de l’entreprise, tout en mettant au jour des usages vernaculaires de la langue chinoise.All the negative aspects generally attributed to factory discipline tend to converge on the person whose role it is to maintain order on the production floor. Workshop supervisors are sometimes portrayed as foremen circulating among the lines, and sometimes as robots pacing out gestures and cadences. And yet, the "modernization" rhetoric of industrial management is constantly urging workers to let their sense of "initiative" and "creativity" run free in day-to-day work. Factory workers are urged to "build up the individual's self-reliance" and prompted to develop "their own work-station-management". This communication is combined with management methods that encourage workers to express their feelings about current production methods: in so doing, those methods foster the view that the evaluation of authority can indeed help to reform the established order.Based on an immersion experience, our analysis aims to explore these figures of direct management or, in other words, the institutional roles according to which members of industrial management are brought to work into close contact with workers. This research is carried out through the case of an "artistic" program developed by a French-registered industrial company for its Chinese workers. Initially taking the form of artistic residencies within the factory, this program is now embodied in a form of "artistic accompaniment" which consists of carrying out projects and activities claiming to be "artistic", with the workers. In addition to the resulting artistic work, to which we pay particular attention, empirical observation of the program's implementation reveals how it fits into a broader managerial management technology, against a backdrop of precarious social and economic conditions within the plant, but also in a context where the counter-powers at work on the production floor are particularly invisible to outsourced management. This approach highlights the role of this "artistic accompaniment" - and of those who embody it - in managing social distances and controlling production within the company.An analysis of the relationships between workers and program managers, which at first glance appear to be based on mutual consent, reveals both their particular fragility and their asymmetrical nature. More broadly, these relationships reflect the way in which each person assumes and shapes his or her role, as a result of individual and singular dispositions. Thus, in addition to the analysis of workshop practices and the specific institutional workings that this particular location enables us to uncover, drawing on the analytical perspective of interactional microsociology to place our survey within the field of areal studies also aims to provide access to first-hand material that gives information on the working conditions and the singular trajectories of the company's employees but also, on vernacular uses of the Chinese language
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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