1,720,953 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Studies on Δ40p53 mediated regulation of specific coding and non-coding RNAs: Consequences on cellular processes
No full textp53 is a crucial transcriptional regulator which influences almost every possible pathway that impinges on the life of a cell. As expected of such an instrumental protein, the molecular network of p53 is as diverse as it is intense. Our laboratory has been working on the only known translational isoform of p53, Δ40p53. Δ40p53 isoform controls the folding, oligomerization and post-translational modifications of p53 complexes, thereby regulating the transcriptional and growth suppressive effects of p53. p53 has been intricately integrated into the non-coding RNA network of the cell through rigorous research over the last decade. Several non-coding RNAs that p53 regulates have been identified over the past few years of extensive studies. However, the role of Δ40p53 in regulating non-coding RNAs either via co-regulation through hetero-tetramerization with full-length p53 (FLp53) or via direct regulatory mechanisms has remained largely unexplored. p53, in consistence with its effect as the guardian angel of cells, is inhibitory to the development and survival of cancer stem cells. Δ40p53 has proven to be different from its "big brother," FLp53. It has been implicated in anti-aging, maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells and developmental programs. Against this anomalous functional behavior of Δ40p53, a pertinent question is whether this isoform plays a role in developing and maintaining cancer stem cells or stem-like cells.
To explore the direct regulatory mechanisms of ∆40p53, we have studied its role in regulating non-coding RNAs and its possible consequences on cellular processes. Moreover, we have also studied the atypical function of Δ40p53 in the biogenesis of stem-like cells.
Therefore, the specific objectives are as follows:
1. To study the mechanism and implications of lncRNA regulation by ∆40p53.
2. To elucidate the specific role of ∆40p53 in modulating the expression of miRNAs and their downstream mRNA targets.
3. To investigate the definite effect of ∆40p53 on the biogenesis of cancer stem-like cells mediated by regulation of cellular mRNAs
Objective 1: To study the mechanism and implications of lncRNA regulation by ∆40p53
To study the lncRNAs that are influenced differentially by ∆40p53 and FLp53, an RNA microarray was earlier performed in our laboratory by overexpression of ∆40p53 and FLp53 in H1299 cells (p53 null adenocarcinoma cell line). From the same data set, we validated the lncRNAs, of which many were uncharacterized in the literature. Among the lncRNAs, we selected LINC00176 for further detailed investigation due to its known function of miRNA regulation and differential effect on cellular processes. Upon validation, LINC00176 levels were affected predominantly by the overexpression and knockdown of ∆40p53. Further, under DNA damage, ER stress, and glucose deprivation, LINC00176 was upregulated in HCT116 p53-/- cells (harboring only ∆40p53) compared to HCT116 p53+/+ cells. To understand the mechanism of regulation of the lncRNA, ChIP, RNA Stability and UV-Crosslinking Assays were performed. It revealed that Δ40p53 (and not FLp53) could transactivate LINC00176 transcriptionally and regulate its stability. Results suggest that the increased abundance of LINC00176 in the presence of ∆40p53 compared to p53 could be due to its dual regulation at the genome and transcriptome level. LINC00176 was ectopically overexpressed and partially silenced in HCT116-/- cells to determine the direct cellular effect. Results indicate that LINC00176 increases epithelial cell markers while reducing cell viability and proliferation. Interestingly, RNA pulldown also revealed that LINC00176 sequesters several putative miRNA targets (miR-761, miR-184, miR-508, miR-138, miR-15b-5p) to regulate the cellular processes. Results provide essential insights into the pivotal role of ∆40p53 in regulating the novel LINC00176 RNA-microRNA-mRNA axis independent of FLp53 and in maintaining cellular homeostasis.
Objective 2: To elucidate the specific role of ∆40p53 in modulating the expression of miRNAs and their downstream mRNA targets.
We previously demonstrated that Δ40p53 independently regulates miR-186-5p-YY1 to reduce cell proliferation, implying that it may have broader effects on the expression of other micro RNAs. In this study, we performed small RNA sequencing to identify the pool of miRNAs differentially regulated by ∆40p53 and FLp53. We report that the expression of specific miRNAs is regulated explicitly by ∆40p53. miR-4671-5p, miR-548ae-5p, miR-301b-5p, and miR-34a-5p were shortlisted for further studies based on their significance and differential fold changes obtained in the sequencing. Preliminary results suggested that miR-4671-5p gets differentially regulated, with a significant decrease in its levels upon ∆40p53 overexpression and no change with FLp53 overexpression. miR-4671-5p abundance changed according to the ratios of FLp53 to ∆40p53, indicating the physiological relevance of its regulation by both isoforms. We performed bioinformatic analysis and selected N-sulfoglucosamine sulfohydrolase (SGSH), cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 11B and CDK5 regulatory subunit 1 (CDK5R1) as the potential targets of miR-4671-5p, all of which are involved in driving cell cycle progression. To check if miR-4671-5p directly binds to the potential targets, wild-type and mutant target 3'UTRs were cloned. Luciferase assay with the wild type and mutant 3'UTRs in the presence of miR-4671-5p depicted CDK5R1 and SGSH as direct targets of miR-4671-5p. SGSH gene expression levels have potential prognostic relevance on survival that trends in the opposite direction of miR-4671-5p levels associated with the same cancer types, supporting a possible physiological relevance of the interaction. Overexpression of miR-4671-5p directly inhibited SGSH and triggered intra-S-phase cell cycle arrest. ∆40p53-miR-4671-5p-SGSH axis emerges as a novel axis capable of regulating cell cycle progression. These results enhance understanding of ∆40p53 functions mediated by miRNAs that help to maintain metabolic and cellular homeostasis independently of FLp53.
Objective 3: To investigate the role of ∆40p53 in the biogenesis of cancer stem-like cells
Cancer stem cells are a specific subpopulation of cells in a cancerous background, which enjoy the ability of self-renewal and the enhanced capability to generate tumors. p53 is known to inhibit the survival and maintenance of cancer stem cells. However, in this context, Δ40p53 has proven to be different from its "big brother." In a different context, Δ40p53 has been integrated into various development programs and is involved in the maintenance of stemness. It has also been shown to inhibit aging. The molecular factors causing such ∆40p53-mediated consequences are largely unexplored. To characterize the differences in cancer stem-like cell propagation in the presence of p53 and ∆40p53, we have investigated Cancer Stem Cell phenotypic profiles in HCT116-/- and HCT116+/+ cell lines and evaluated their correlation with several CSC functional properties, including spheroid formation ability, side population (SP) phenotype, cell surface marker expression and sensitivity to anticancer compounds.
A higher percentage of cancer stem-like cells (side population cells) was observed in ∆40p53 (in HCT116-/-) than in HCT116+/+. Further, chemosensitivity assays, analysis of stem cell markers, and sphere formation assay with HCT116-/- and HCT116+/+ elucidated new insights into our understanding of the ∆40p53 function. HCT116-/- showed chemoresistance with an increased dosage of 5-FU (5-Fluorouracil) compared to HCT116+/+, which was sensitive under the same drug conditions. We also observed large irregular spheroids for HCT116-/- compared to smaller ones in HCT116+/+. The differential phenotypes observed in the two cell lines indicated that various molecular players could drive them. Therefore, a total RNA sequencing was performed with HCT116-/- and HCT116+/+. We found 206 significantly differentially expressed mRNAs between the two cell lines confirming molecular level changes contributing to the above phenotypes. Further, some of the significant genes were validated, correlating to our above observations and enhancing our understanding of ∆40p53-mediated functions.
Taken together, we have investigated the exclusive role of ∆40p53 on non-coding RNAs (miRNAs and lncRNAs) and their consequences on cellular processes. Parallelly, we have also investigated the atypical role of ∆40p53 (taking p53 as a reference point) in maintaining cancer stem-like cells driving cancer progression.IISc-MHR
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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