1,720,964 research outputs found
Malpractice in pathology: Review
No full textMedical malpractice may occur during diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Malpractice cases in pathology usually result from mistakes in diagnosis. The reported clinically significant diagnostic error rate in surgical pathology varies from 0.26% to 1.2%. Nevertheless, the current expectation is no error at all. Pathologists play an important role in diagnosing the patient accurately. Thus, pathologists have to maintain high standard both in their scientific capacity and in technical infrastructure. Identifying the most frequent errors in pathology will contribute to reduce their occurrence. Troxel classified the 6 fields of highest risk in pathology as follows: breast biopsy, cases of melanoma and lymphoma, fine needle aspiration (FNA), frozen section and prostate biopsy. Strategies should be developed and quality control systems should be implemented in order to decrease these errors
Autopsy profiles of malpractice cases
No full textClaims for medical malpractice and the number of lawsuits filed thereafter are increasing in Turkey as is the case throughout the world. In the present study all files issued by the associated boards of the Council of Forensic Medicine between 2001 and 2005 were studied and of those, 525 death cases in which there was a medical malpractice claim were included. 303 of the cases (57.7%) were male, 215 (41%) were female, while no gender was mentioned in seven cases (1.3%). The age of the subjects ranged between 0 and 90, with an average of 26.8. 147 cases (28%) were related to Emergency Units. 92% of the cases (482 cases) were resolved in the Council of Forensic Medicine, Ministry of Justice. 167 of the resolved cases were concluded as medical malpractice. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved
Comparison of the Clinical Diagnosis and Subsequent Autopsy Findings in Medical Malpractice
No full textThe rate of diagnostic error has not declined over the last 30 years despite the improvement in diagnosis methods. Today, the probability to encounter a major diagnostic change in autopsy is still high. The special autopsy that provides clinicians the necessary feedback is performed seldom in our country. This study has been started upon the claim that the malpractice cases in scope of forensic cases could be a very useful database. About 525 cases with faulty medical application that resulted in death have been encountered according to the cases that have been sent to the Forensic Medical Institution, which has been the consultative authority of the Ministry of Justice between the years 2001 and 2005. Among these, 375 cases on which autopsies have been conducted are included in the scope of the study. The cases with and without major diagnostic changes have been compared in aspects of gender, age groups, and period spent in health units. When the concordance between autopsy and clinical diagnosis for the 375 cases that were included in the study is examined, it can be seen that clinical diagnosis is verified with autopsy in 49.1% of the cases whereas neither autopsy nor clinical diagnosis was encountered in 14.7% of them. The diseases where diagnostic faults are mostly encountered are ruptured aortic aneurysm, myocardial infarction and pneumonia. The majority of the cases without a clinical diagnosis comprises of complications that occur after operations. In the study, considerable major diagnostic changes were realized after autopsy, which shows that autopsy has an important place in Turkey in spite of the improved methods of diagnosis. Also, in the cases with major diagnostic changes, the medical malpractice rate was high. This shows that autopsy is influential in revealing medical malpractice failures. In the study, we found out that the number of autopsies was high in the cases with a malpractice claim. We aim to increase this number. We are sure that such increment would increase decision accuracy
The role of legal autopsy in the investigation of death cases due to medical malpractice
No full textObjective: Technological and scientific developments resulted in significant improvements in medical practice; however, medical malpractice claims increased as well in recent years. Material and Methods: Cases of death referred to the Council of Forensic Medicine with the claim of medical malpractice are included in this study. Results: The number of related medical malpractice cases investigated in the 1st and 3rd Boards of the Council between the years 2001-2005 was 525. Of these, 303 were males and 215 were females and in 7 cases the gender was not identified. Considering the responsible clinical units, the majority of the cases were from the emergency unit (28%). Taking the duration of hospitalization into account, the largest group was the group hospitalized for 0-24 hours (51.6%). The ultimate decision was medical malpractice in 92% of the cases, whereas 43 cases (8%) remained inconclusive for various reasons. Concordance between clinical diagnosis and autopsy findings was investigated in order to evaluate the impact of autopsy in the investigation of medical malpractice cases. The most common conditions that resulted with misdiagnosis were aortic aneurysm rupture, myocardial infarct, and pneumonia. Considering the relationship between medical malpractice adjudication and major discrepancies determined at autopsy, conclusion of medical malpractice was significantly higher in the group showing major discrepancies. Conclusion: In conclusion, autopsy is an effective tool in the investigation of cases with the claim of medical malpractice
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The review of autopsy cases of accidental childhood deaths in Istanbul
Get PDFChildren are at increased risk for various causes of injury from accidents. Accidents are, by far, the leading cause of death among children and adolescents. The aim of this study is to evaluate the lethal childhood accidents in Istanbul by age groups. Reports of autopsies performed between 2001 and 2005 in the Morgue Department of the Council of Forensic. Medicine in Istanbul (n :16853) are examined retrospectively. 833 deaths from accidents in children aged 0-18 years are investigated into the study. The parameters of age, gender, types of accidents and causes of death are evaluated. The accidents account for 47.3% of the deaths among children aged 0-18 years. Of 833 cases, 601 (73%) are male and 232 (27%) are female. The female to male ratio is 1/2.6. The highest rate of death from accidents is at the group of 15-18 years. The primary causes of accidental childhood deaths are motor vehicle accidents (23.1%), followed by drowning (20.1%), poisoning (15.7%), and fall from height (15.5%). The incidence and types of trauma vary with socio-economic status and culture. Istanbul, where this study is conducted in, has approximately 3000 autopsy number annually. Therefore, it provides an important database. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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