4,864 research outputs found
Yeast metabolism in fresh and frozen dough : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Food Technology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
No full textAuthor also known as SM LovedayFresh bakery products have a very short shelf life, which limits the extent to which manufacturing can be centralised. Frozen doughs are relatively stable and can be manufactured in large volumes, distributed and baked on-demand at the point of sale or consumption. With appropriate formulation and processing a shelf life of several months can be achieved.Shelf life is limited by a decline in proofing rate after thawing, which is attributed to a) the dough losing its ability to retain gas and b) insufficient gas production, i.e. yeast activity. The loss of shelf life is accelerated by delays between mixing and freezing, which allow yeast cells the chance to ferment carbohydrates.This work examined the reasons for insufficient gas production after thawing frozen dough and the effect of pre-freezing fermentation on shelf life. Literature data on yeast metabolite dynamics in fermenting dough were incomplete. In particular there were few data on the accumulation of ethanol, a major fermentation end product which can be injurious to yeast.Doughs were prepared in a domestic breadmaker using compressed yeast from a local manufacturer and analysed for glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose and ethanol. Gas production after thawing declined within 48 hours of frozen storage. This was accelerated by 30 or 90 minutes of fermentation at 30;C prior to freezing.Sucrose was rapidly hydrolysed and yeast consumed glucose in preference to fructose. Maltose was not consumed while other sugars remained. Ethanol, accumulated from consumption of glucose and fructose, was produced in approximately equal amounts to CO2, indicating that yeast cells metabolised reductively.Glucose uptake in fermenting dough followed simple hyperbolic kinetics and fructose uptake was competitively inhibited by glucose. Mathematical modelling indicated that diffusion of sugars and ethanol in dough occurred quickly enough to eliminate solute gradients brought about by yeast metabolism
Word Segmentation Standard in Chinese, Japanese and Korean
No full textISO/TC37,
KATS and Ministry of Knowledge Economy
(ROKorea), CNIS and SAC (China), JISC (Japan)
and CSK (DPRK) with special contribution
of Jeniffer DeCamp (ANSI) and Kiyong Lee
Ammonium exchange and bioregeneration of bio-flocculated zeolite in a sequencing batch reactor
No full textNatural zeolite was added to the sequencing batch reactors to assess its role in ammonium exchange. Even though the biofilm was fully developed on the zeolite surface, ammonium removal and the biological regeneration of the zeolite occurred constantly during the anoxic-fill phase and the reaction phase, respectively. However, the specific nitrification rate of the bio-flocculated zeolite was lower than that observed in the control on account of the limited ammonium release to the liquid phase
Converting SrI <sub>2</sub> :Eu <sup>2+</sup> into a near infrared scintillator by Sm <sup>2+</sup> co-doping
No full text The luminescence and scintillation properties of SrI 2 single crystals doped with 5% Eu 2+ and 0.05%, 0.2% and 0.5% Sm 2+ are evaluated. X-ray excited and photoluminescence measurements show energy transfer from excited Eu 2+ ions to Sm 2+ ions. At a concentration of 0.5% Sm 2+ , the luminescence consists almost entirely of 740 nm emission from Sm 2+ 5d-4f transitions. Co-doping SrI 2 :5% Eu 2+ with Sm 2+ provides a novel method to bypass the self-absorption problem encountered in large SrI 2 :Eu 2+ crystals and, at the same time, provides a unique near-infrared emitting scintillator with a light yield of approximately 40,000 photons/MeV. Accepted Author ManuscriptRST/Fundamental Aspects of Materials and EnergyRST/Luminescence Material
'Laws 'Needefull in Later to be Abrogated': Intersex and the Sources of Christian Theology
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Palgrave Macmillan via the DOI in this record
Introduction: Troubling Bodies?
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Palgrave Macmillan via the DOI in this record
Peran dan Tanggung Jawab Gereja dalam Mengatasi Problematika Sekolah Dasar yang Tidak Memiliki Guru PAK
No full textKetiadaan guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen (PAK) di sekolah-sekolah negeri
daerah Cikampek sekitarnya merupakan problematika yang sudah lama terjadi. Hal
ini terjadi karena tidak terbukanya sekolah-sekolah negeri untuk menerima guru PAK
dengan alasan jumlah peserta didik yang sedikit. Dengan melihat kondisi seperti ini
penulis melihat bahwa gereja perlu berperan dan bertanggung jawab dalam mengatasi
problematika sekolah yang tidak memiliki guru PAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan agar
gereja mengetahui hakikat dari PAK, tantangan PAK di sekolah dan bagaimana
seharusnya gereja menyikapi problematikan tersebut.
Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ialah penelitian deskriptif
menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Adapun tempat penelitian dilakukan di Gereja
Huria Kristen Batak Protestan (HKBP) Cikampek, Gereja Protestan Indonesia bagian
Barat (GPIB) Cikampek, Gereja Kristen Pasundan (GKP) Cikampek, SD Dawuan
Timur II, dan SD Dawuan Tengah V. Penelitian ini dilakukan kepada
Pendeta/Majelis Jemaat, Dewan Diakonia, Guru Sekolah Minggu (SM), Kepala
Sekolah, dan Orangtua.
Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa PAK merupakan sarana
pembelajaran yang memfasilitasi setiap peserta didik untuk mengenal Allah melalui
karya-Nya serta mewujudkan pengenalannya akan Allah Tritunggal melalui sikap
hidup yang mengacu pada nilai-nilai kristiani. Hal ini dimaksudkan bahwa, peserta
didik yang terlibat dalam proses pembelajaran PAK memiliki keterpanggilan untuk
mewujudkan tanda-tanda Kerajaan Allah dalam kehidupan pribadi maupun sebagai
bagian dari komunitas. Maka dari itu gereja sebagai wadah PAK perlu berperan dan
bertanggung jawab atas ketiadaan guru PAK di sekolah, khususnya sekolah negeri.
Gereja harus menaruh perhatian yang amat serius terhadap kondisi tersebut. PAK
bukanlah kebutuhan dan kepentingan institusional gereja, tetapi kebutuhan dan
kepentingan fungsional dan eksistensial peserta didik.
Kata Kunci : PAK, Gereja, Problematika Sekolah. / The absence of Christian education teacher (PAK) in the public schools has
been being problematic in Cikampek. The few numbers of Christian students in the
school is the reason not accept for the teachers. By dealing with these conditions the
author saw that the Church needs to act and take responsibility in solving the
problems of schools that do not have teachers (PAK). This study aims to determine
the role of the church to PAK, the challenges PAK at school and how should the
church respond the problems.
The method used in the study was a descriptive study using a qualitative
approach. As a study conducted in the Batak Christian Protestant Church (HKBP)
Cikampek, Western Indonesian Protestant Church (GPIB) Cikampek, Sundanese
Christian Church (GKP) Cikampek, East Dawuan II SD, and SD Middle Dawuan V.
This study was carried out to the Pastor / Church Assembly, the Council of Diakonia,
a Sunday school teacher (BC), the principal, and parents.
Results of this study indicate that the PAK is a learning tool that facilitates
every learner to know God through His works and to realize the knowledge of God
the Trinity through a life attitude which refers to Christian values. It is intended that
the students involved in the learning process of calling PAK has to realize the signs
of the kingdom of God in the lives of individuals and as part of a community. Thus
the church as a container PAK needs to play a role and be responsible for the absence
of PAK teachers in schools, especially public schools. The Church should pay very
serious attention to the condition. PAK is not the needs and interests of the
institutional church, but the needs and interests of learners functional and existential.
Keywords: PAK, Church, School Problem
Intrafullerene electron transfers in Sm-containing metallofullerenes: Sm@C-2n (74 <= 2n <= 84)
No full textThe electronic properties of Sm-containing metallofullerenes, Sm@C-74, Sm@C-76 (I, II), Sm@C-78, Sm@C-80, Sm@C-82 (I, II, III) and Sm@C-84 (I, II, III), are characterized by UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). the UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectra of Sm@C-74, Sm@C-80, Sm@C-82 (I, II, III) and Sm@C-84 (I, II) are quite similar to those of the corresponding Ca, Sr, Ba, Eu, Tm, Yb-based metallofullerenes. In contrast, the absorption spectra of Sm@C-76 (I, II), Sm@C-78 and Sm@C-84(III) show a novel feature: the onset for Sm@C-78 is observed similar to 2600 nm, which corresponds to a small band gap (similar to0.5 eV). Furthermore, the oxidation states of Sm atom in the various fullerene cages are investigated by EELS, which reveals that the Sm atom takes +2 oxidation state in the fullerene cages. A probable rationale for the tendency to have the Sm2+ state is presented based on a simple thermochemical cycle model. (C) 2001 by Elsevier Science Inc.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000168906500014&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701Biochemical Research MethodsBiochemistry & Molecular BiologyComputer Science, Interdisciplinary ApplicationsCrystallographyMathematical & Computational BiologySCI(E)EI30ARTICLE2244-2511
beta-decay spectroscopy of neutron-rich Sm-160,Sm-161,Sm-162 isotopes
No full textNeutron-rich Sm-160,Sm-161,Sm-162 isotopes have been populated at the RIBF, RIKEN via beta decay for the first time. beta-coincident gamma rays were observed in all three isotopes including gamma rays from the isomeric decay of Sm-160 and Sm-162. The isomers in Sm-160 and Sm-162 have previously been observed but have been populated via beta decay for the first time. The isomeric state in Sm-162 is assigned a 4(-) nu 7/2(+)[633]circle times nu 1/2(-)[521] configuration based on the decay pattern. The level schemes of Sm-160 and Sm-162 are presented. The ground states in the parent nuclei Pm-160 and Pm-162 are both assigned a 6(-) nu 7/2(+)[633]circle times pi 5/2(-)[532] configuration based on the population of states in the daughter nuclei. Blocked BCS calculations were performed to further investigate the spin-parities of the ground states in Pm-160, Pm-161, and Pm-162, and the isomeric state in Sm-162.CPCI-S(ISTP)[email protected]
Discovering the Similarities between SM Communities and Other Organizations
No full textThe current research study is comparing and contrasting the demographic diversity of Sadomasochist (SM) organizations and other community organizations by surveying an SM organization and a non-SM organization. A confidential online survey was used to collect data. Fourteen general questions were asked: age, gender, sexual orientation, relationship status, number of children, ethnicity, highest level of education completed, employment, hours worked, income, religious affiliation, personality, infidelity and self esteem. Data was analyzed using Levene\u27s test and t-tests. Relationship status and religion were two differences between the SM group and the non SM group. The author discusses limitations and future directions of this study
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