88 research outputs found
Valorization of organic additions in restorative lime mortars: Spent cooking oil and albumen
No full textAir- and formulated lime mortars with pulverized brick waste were synthesized with addition of two organic waste-based additives: spent cooking oil and albumen. The addition of spent oil in the mortar induced significant hydrophobic effects, but decreased permeability values and setting kinetics. Parallel additions of oil and albumen in lime mortars significantly increased their hydrophobicity and superficial durability without retarding their setting time thanks to role of fatty acids and unfolded proteins under alkaline conditions. The parallel valorization showed high potentials in synthesis of restorative mortars design with low environmental impact and high respect to the feature of historic mortars
Sustainable Materials for Architectural Restoration in Developing Countries: from the New Historic Mixes for the Future
No full textIn this study, considerations for design and valorization of sustainable restorative materials for applications in the developing countries are investigated. The paper deals with several preliminary requisites leading to mortar design for conservation of built environment of these countries with numerous cultural heritage elements in need of conservation. Different forms of compatibility are discussed that does not exclude conceptual, physical, chemical, and aesthetical considerations. Where practicable, reversibility is a demanding property expected from such a restorative material. Moreover, sustainability of the restorative materials project is highly dependent on the environmental considerations. The suggested policies leads to significant reduction in use of materials with high carbon dioxide production and landfills. Economic considerations will also play an important role in the frame of conservation plan as their development potentially broadens the domain of conservation possibilities. This is an important value for developing countries with loads of historic buildings in need of restoration. The designation of waste-based strategy in design of restoration materials and their answer to requisites of the conservation plan are discussed. The conceptual suitability of low impact and waste-based restorative materials for treating the built environment in developing countries is justified and discussed. However, the sensetiveness of these countries in application of economic materials for restoration should be dealt with. An economic, high performance, and compatible restoration respects the feature of historic elements and is in-line with many historic material design strategies
Valorization of brick waste by alkali-activation: A study on the possible use for masonry repointing
No full textAlkali-activation of brick waste has recently been proposed as a sustainable route to develop pastes/mortars with tailored mechanical properties and pore system. In this study, the suitability of using pastes from brick waste alkali-activation for repointing existing masonries (i.e., filling the most external part of mortar joints, lost due to deterioration processes) was investigated. Five different formulations (having SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio ranging from 1.4 to 0.4) and two different curing temperatures (room temperature and 50 °C) were investigated. Open porosity and efflorescence formation were found to decrease for decreasing SiO2/Al2O3 ratio. Curing at high temperature generally favored geopolymerization and reduced efflorescence formation. Pastes with SiO2/Al2O3=0.8 and 0.9 exhibited open porosity and water vapor permeability fairly similar to those of historic lime-based mortars, thus proving to be potentially compatible with them. Further optimization of the mix design seems however necessary to reduce the formation of efflorescence
Restorative Lime Mortars with Inclusion of Spent Cooking Oils
No full textThis study, with inspirations from ancient lime-based mortars formulations, was aimed to explore and discuss the potential suitability of synthesized oiled air lime mortars for applications in restoration of historical/old buildings. The mortars were synthesized with inclusion of two different types of characterized spent cooking oils (i.e., high oleic acid and high linoleic acid ones) and in two different quantities. The mortars were characterized in terms of properties that are important for restorative applications such as calcium carbonate formation rates, pore size distribution, water absorption through capillarity, and superficial durability life cycles. The characterizations were directed at providing discernment into the contribution of the waste additives to the hydrophobicity of restorative mortars, when compared to the conventional restorative mortars. The addition of spent oils in air lime mortars demonstrated promising effects in terms hydrophobicity such as sorptivity reduction from 30 to 60 times. Addition of high oleic acid oils in air lime mortars, apart from added hydrophobic values did not significantly worsen their mechanical properties. Hydric properties of all of the investigated oiled mortars demonstrated enhancements with respect to conventional lime mortars and exhibited apposite indexes as restorative materials
A Study on Historic Mortars for Restorative Applications in Persepolis World Heritage Site: Curing in Site vs Laboratory
No full textTwo types of air lime mortars with inclusion of sesame cooking oil were synthesized. The behaviour of mortars in the site conditions and the laboratory can be distinct. Hence, the mortars were cured in two laboratory and natural climatic conditions of and Persepolis World Heritage Site. The mortars were monitored for two years under both conditions and the results demonstrated distinctions in characteristics of mortars, emanating from curing conditions. The air lime mortars cured in the site conditions exhibited increment in durability and hydric properties. In the natural outdoor conditions, some effects of addition of organics to mortars, such as retarding their setting time were less highlighted compared to laboratory curing mortars
Valorization of spent cooking oils in hydrophobic waste-based lime mortars for restorative rendering applications
No full textThe suitability of new lime mortars for restorative rendering applications was investigated. Air-, formulated- and hydraulic-lime mortars were synthesized with inclusion of two different types of spent sunflower cooking oils and, when necessary, brick waste powder as pozzolanic addition. The results of spent cooking oils addition in the mortars exhibited promising hydrophobic effects, such as sorptivity reduction up to 60 times and improvement of superficial durability. Addition of high-oleic acid cooking oil in 13 wt% in the formulated and hydraulic lime mortars significantly increased their hydrophobicity without worsening their mechanical strengths. All the investigated mortars exhibited appropriate indexes as restorative materials
Data for publication: "Dynamic behavior of shear-thickening tluids under harmonic excitation: an experimental investigation"
No full textThe dataset accompanying the publication "Dynamic Behavior of Shear-Thickening Fluids under Harmonic Excitation: An Experimental Investigation" is now provided exclusively as a single archive:STF Dynamic Behavior Analysis: MATLAB CodeThis repository contains the MATLAB code and all accompanying files inside Suplimentary material.zip and the separate ZIP file “Experimental Paper_Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing_Elsevier.zip,” associated with the paper:"Dynamic Behavior of Shear-Thickening Fluids under Harmonic Excitation: An Experimental Investigation"OverviewThese scripts process experimental data, perform parameter identification for the oscillator system, and generate figures demonstrating the dynamic behavior of shear-thickening fluids (STFs) under harmonic excitation.PrerequisitesMATLAB (R2019b or newer recommended)Inside Supplementary_material.zip, you will find:All .txt experimental data files:RecordedExperimentalDataWithoutSTFOmega0.txtRecordedExperimentalDataWithoutSTFOmegaIncreasingRate0_047.txtRecordedExperimentalDataWithSTFOmegaIncreasingRate0_0333.txtRecordedExperimentalDataWithSTFOmegaConstant8_2.txtRecordedExperimentalDataWithSTFOmegaConstant11_3.txtThe main MATLAB scripts and auxiliary functions for data processing, parameter identification, and figure generation.Any related documentation (including the paper PDF, if applicable).Execution StepsFollow these steps to process the data and generate all figures:1. Data FiltrationRun prepare_mat_data.mProcesses raw experimental data exported from LabVIEW.Applies polynomial fitting to compute rotation speed, velocity, and acceleration.Generates .mat files containing the filtered data for further analysis.2. Free Vibration Parameter IdentificationRun identOscDyn_freeMotion.mUses Nelder-Mead optimization to determine stiffness (k), damping (c), and friction (T) parameters.Minimizes the objective function (Eq. 14) to match simulation with experimental data.Generates Figure 3 comparing simulation vs. experiment.Saves identified parameters in par0.3. Forced Vibration Parameter Identification and Figure GenerationRun identOscDyn_forcedMotion.mBuilds on free-vibration parameters for forced vibration.Generates Figures 4–8, showing:Excitation frequency vs. time (Fig. 4)Resistance force vs. velocity (Fig. 5)Displacement comparison (Fig. 6)Velocity comparison (Fig. 7)Frequency response (Fig. 8)Saves refined parameters to par1.4. Additional FiguresAutomatic generation of:Figure 13: STF force relationships in the resonance region (Section 6.1.2).Figure 15: Time histories in the post-resonance region (Section 6.1.3).Figure 16: STF force relationships in the post-resonance region (Section 6.1.3).Figure 17: STF behavior at constant excitation frequency (Section 6.1.3).Figure 18: Frequency response comparison with and without STF (Section 6.2).TroubleshootingPath Issues: Keep all files in the same directory or update path references in the scripts.Optimization Variability: Multiple runs may be needed due to the stochastic nature of Nelder-Mead.Memory Constraints: For large datasets, reduce data size or increase MATLAB’s allocated memory.Additional InformationFor questions or issues regarding the code, please contact the corresponding author as indicated in the paper.© 2025 | All rights reserved by the authors of"Dynamic Behavior of Shear-Thickening Fluids under Harmonic Excitation: An Experimental Investigation."Additional Note: Paper Source FilesAlso included in this repository is a second ZIP file, “Experimental Paper_Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing_Elsevier.zip,” containing:elsarticle-template folderElsevier’s LaTeX class/template files (e.g., elsarticle.cls and elsarticle-template.tex).Figure 1.jpg through Figure 18.jpgHigh-resolution figures referenced in the manuscript (see image in the screenshot: 18 total JPG files).mybibfile.bibA BibTeX reference database, ensuring proper citation management.These items allow you to compile the full manuscript (in LaTeX) for submission to Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing (Elsevier), with all figures and references properly linked.</p
Targeting in International Law : Counterinsurgency and the Legal Materiality of the Principle of Distinction
No full textThis book is about how distinctions are drawn between civilians and combatants in modern warfare and how the legal principle of distinction depends on the technical means through which combatants make themselves visibly distinguishable from civilians. The author demonstrates that technologies of visualisation have always been part of the operation of the principle of distinction, arguing that the military uniform sustained the legal categories of civilian and combatant and actively set the boundaries of permissible and prohibited targeting, and so legal and illegal killing. Drawing upon insights from the theory of legal materiality, visual studies, critical fashion studies, and a dozen of military manuals he shows that far from being passive objects of regulation, these technologies help to draw the boundaries of the legitimate target. With its attention to the co-productive relationship between law, technologies of visualisation and legitimation of violence, this book will be relevant to a large community of researchers in international law, international relations, critical military studies, contemporary counterinsurgency operations and the sociology of law. © 2024 Amin Parsa
Mearuring the orientation and roation rate of 3D printed particles in turbulence
No full textThe orientation distribution and rotations of anisotropic particles in turbulent flows play a key role in many applications ranging from icy clouds to papermaking and drag reduction in pipe flow. However, experimental access to time-resolved orientations of anisotropic particles has not been easy to achieve. The use of 3D printing opens up the possibility to fabricate a wide range of particle shapes with smallest dimension down to 300 μm. So far, we have printed rods, crosses, jacks, triads, tetrads and helical particle shapes. We extract particle orientations from stereoscopic video images using a method of least squares optimization in Euler angle space. We find that in turbulence, the orientation and rotation-rate of many particles can be understood using a simple picture of alignment of both the vorticity and a long axis of the particle with the Lagrangian stretching direction of the flow
Chapter 6 Diversifying Urban Planning and Architecture Programs Through International Education Experience
No full textThe Routledge Companion to Professional Awareness and Diversity in Planning Education engenders a discourse on how urban planning as a discipline is being made attractive to children and youth as they consider their career preferences. It also provides a discourse around the diversity challenges facing the institutions for training urban planning professionals.
This Companion is an impressive collection of initiatives, experiences, and lessons in helping children, youth, and the general public appreciate the importance of, and the diversity challenge confronting, the urban planning profession and education. It comprises empirical, experimental, and case study research on initiatives to address the professional awareness and diversity challenges in urban planning. It has uniquely assembled voices and experiences from countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America. Contributors are educators, practitioners, and activists of urban planning as well as policymakers in their respective countries.
This Companion is intended as a resource for urban planning schools and departments, foundations, non-profit organizations, private sector organizations, public institutions, teachers, and alumni, among others to learn and consciously drive efforts to increase planning education awareness among children, youth, and the general public
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