1,720,972 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Role of Noradrenaline in Energy Homeostasis
No full textObesity is a condition that is associated with excessive weight gain and fat mass storage whose prevalence is increasing within western populations. A variety of co-morbidities are linked to obesity such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Together, this contributes to substantial costs of healthcare programs. In non-obese indi- viduals, energy intake and energy expenditure is precisely matched over a long time period in order to maintain energy resources and fat mass. This mechanism, termed energy homeostasis is accomplished by regulatory neuronal networks in the central nervous system (CNS).
To better understand and counteract obesity and its co-morbidities, increasing efforts are being made to define the control mechanisms in the CNS, that regulate body weight and energy homeostasis. The focus of this study is the noradrenergic (noradrenaline; NA) modulation of energy homeostasis. Anti-obesity drugs, for example amphetamines, can exert strong anorexigenic effects on eating behaviour in humans. However, these drugs generally affect multiple transmitter and neuromodulator pathways, such as the dopaminergic and serotonergic system, leading to undesired side effects. Pharmacological studies indicate that the anorexigenic effect of amphetamine and related drugs are caused in part by modulation of the NA system. In order to devise strategies and develop specific drugs with minimized side effects in support of weight loss programs, it is critical to understand in detail the mechanisms in the CNS by which NA contributes to energy homeostasis.
Besides the well established role of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in NA-mediated modulation of food intake, studies indicate that NA input on the homeostatic system in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) might also modulate eating behaviour. In the ARC, two key neuronal populations, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) expressing neurons sense and integrate peripheral and nutritional signals. Once activated, POMC neurons promote satiety and
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activation of AgRP neurons leads to food intake and decreased energy expenditure. Mechanisms that mediate the possible NA action in the ARC are unknown. In this study, the effect of NA on POMC and AgRP expressing neurons has been investigated. Application of NA inhibits POMC neurons, while AgRP neurons are excited. Pharmacological experiments revealed that these effects are mediated by α2A- and α1A-adrenergic receptors (AR). This suggests a potent NA modulation of food intake. With respect to these effects, afferent projections from NA nuclei and the conditions under which NA is released into the ARC are of greatest interest.
As a potential NA source, the locus coeruleus (LC) in the brainstem contains 50% of the NA neurons in CNS. Efferent projections from the LC to the ARC have been identified. Besides the contribution to autonomic functions in general, studies indicate that the LC is also involved in glucose metabolism and the control of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Moreover, BAT thermogenesis is dependent on NA and plasma glucose. Therefore, the effects of changes in extracellular glucose concentrations have been inves- tigated. Around 40% of neurons in the LC responded with increasing spike frequency due to elevated glucose levels, identifying these neurons as glucose-excited. A small subpopulation responded with a moderate inhibition and is considered as glucose- inhibited. Expression of a mutant variant of the ATP dependent potassium channel in mice silenced a large number of LC neurons and abolished responses to glucose. Moreover, sympathetic nerve activity was reduced and led to a white-adipose-tissue-like morphology of BAT, alongside with impairment of thermogenesis. As a consequence of decreased energy expenditure, these mice developed obesity.
The modulation of POMC and AgRP neurons by NA indicates a critical role of the catecholamine in the control of energy homeostasis. Moreover, this study reveals that the LC contains glucose-sensing neurons and contributes to the control of glucose metabolism and the activity of BAT. Its projection patterns in the CNS identify the LC as a potential source for NA release into the ARC. These results lead to new insights and the expansion of the current role of NA in the control of energy homeostasis. Importantly, this may help to develop new strategies and drugs with minimized side effects in the treatment of obesity
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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