1,721,028 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Interrupting Prolonged Sitting Time: Implications for Type 2 Diabetes Management
No full textBackground
In modern societies, most adults are exposed to environmental
settings (at work, in automobile travel, and in the domestic environment) that
can not only limit their physical activity, but also promote sitting for
prolonged periods of time. Sedentary behaviours (put simply, too much sitting)
have emerged as a health concern that is additional to a lack of
moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (or ‘exercise’). Lifestyle interventions
that include regular exercise are the recommended front-line therapy in the
management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, despite the known benefits of
meeting prescribed exercise guidelines – particularly for glucose metabolism,
insulin sensitivity and blood pressure – doing so can be challenging, and many
T2D patients remain physically inactive.
Recent epidemiological and experimental evidence indicates
that interrupting prolonged periods of sitting can confer cardiometabolic
benefit in healthy and overweight/obese populations. These findings may be of
particular relevance to those with T2D – for whom glucose and blood pressure
reductions (particularly in combination) are primary therapeutic goals – but
whether the benefits extend to this clinical population remains unknown.
Furthermore, experimental studies to date have only examined the acute effects
of brief ambulatory and standing ‘breaks’ in sitting, whereas resistance-type
exercises may confer additional or greater cardiometabolic benefits due to
greater metabolic stimulus and practicality. This thesis provides initial
experimental evidence of potential clinical relevance, demonstrating acute
metabolic and cardiovascular effects of interrupting prolonged sitting time
with brief bouts of ambulatory and resistance activities (half-squats, calf
raises, brief gluteal contractions and knee raises) in 24 men and women with
T2D.
Aims
An acute, 3-condition, randomised crossover trial in adults
with diet/Metformin treated T2D was designed to determine, relative to a day of
prolonged sitting (control), whether interrupting sitting with brief bouts of
light-walking and simple resistance activities:
1) Attenuates postprandial cardiometabolic risk markers
(Chapter 2)
2) Reduces resting blood pressure and sympathetic activity
(Chapter 3)
3) Improves 22-h glucose homeostasis and nocturnal
hyperglycaemia (Chapter 4)
Key Findings
Compared to prolonged sitting, interrupting prolonged sitting
for 3 minutes every 30 minutes over 7 hours with either light-walking or simple
resistance activities:
1) Attenuated concurrent postprandial circulating glucose,
insulin and C-peptide concentrations. Postprandial triglyceride concentrations
were lower for both activity conditions, however, this effect was only
statistically significant for simple resistance activities. The magnitude of
glucose reduction for the light-walking condition was significantly greater in
women.
2) Reduced concurrent resting blood pressure levels and
plasma norepinephrine concentrations, with the simple resistance activities
having a significantly greater effect.
3) Showed carryover effects for glycaemic control (favouring
the activity-breaks conditions) until the following morning – i.e. after
participants vacated the controlled laboratory setting and returned to their
free-living environments.
Conclusions
This thesis contributes a novel set of controlled
experimental findings highlighting the potential for metabolic and
cardiovascular benefits of interrupting prolonged sitting time with two
different modes of activity break in T2D patients. It also presents new
literature syntheses, interpretation and discussion on the relationships
between physical activity, sedentary behaviour and cardiometabolic risk, with a
particular focus on implications for T2D management. With the ubiquity of
sedentary behaviours and the challenges for many of those with T2D of adhering
to structured exercise, interrupting prolonged sitting has the potential to be
beneficial and practical. However, the generalisability, longer-term efficacy
and durability of these potential benefits, including a deeper understanding of
the mechanisms that may underlie them, should be emphasised in future research
Interrupting Prolonged Sitting: A Potential Therapeutic Tool In The Management Of Type 2 Diabetes
No full textInterrupting Prolonged Sitting: A Potential Therapeutic Tool In The Management Of Type 2 Diabete
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
