1,720,953 research outputs found
Heavy drinking, executive functioning and academic performance in adolescents
No full textIntroducción: El consumo intensivo de alcohol (CIA) es un problema que preocupa a la sociedad debido a su alta incidencia entre los jóvenes. Diversos estudios muestran como el consumo de alcohol interfiere en el rendimiento académico provocando peores calificaciones. Una de las causas estaría relacionada con alternaciones en el funcionamiento ejecutivo, en concreto, en tareas de inhibición conductual, memoria de trabajo y flexibilidad cognitiva, procesos que dependen del correcto funcionamiento de la corteza prefrontal, especialmente vulnerable a los efectos del alcohol.
Objetivos: Estudiar las relaciones existentes entre el consumo intensivo de alcohol por parte de adolescentes, la sintomatología disejecutiva y el rendimiento académico en materias como Lengua, Matemáticas y Ciencias Naturales.
Método: Este trabajo forma parte de un proyecto más amplio que viene desarrollándose en centros educativos de la Comunidad de Madrid. Para este trabajo se ha evaluado a 913 estudiantes con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 15 años, escolarizados en dichos centros. Para determinar el consumo de alcohol y su perfil ejecutivo se utilizó una batería de cuestionarios que los sujetos cumplimentaron de manera individual. El rendimiento académico se determinó a partir de las calificaciones en las asignaturas mencionadas al final del curso en que se realizó la recogida de datos.
Resultados: Los resultados son todavía preliminares, pero hemos observado que los adolescentes que consumen alcohol obtienen unas calificaciones inferiores a sus pares no consumidores. Igualmente, dichos sujetos muestran un perfil disejecutivo más acentuado.
Conclusiones: La corteza prefrontal es un centro diana de los efectos neurotóxicos del alcohol y esto se manifiesta en el comportamiento cotidiano de los sujetos (mayor sintomatología disejecutiva) y en su rendimiento académico (peores calificaciones). Este conocimiento de los efectos del consumo intensivo de alcohol debe tomarse en consideración para establecer programas de prevención orientados a combatir el fracaso escolar y los problemas de conducta en los adolescentes.Introduction: The intensive consumption of alcohol (Binge Drinking) is a problem that worries society due to its high incidence among young people. Several studies show how alcohol consumption interferes with academic performance, causing worse grades. One of the causes may be related to alternations in executive functioning, specifically, tasks of behavioral inhibition, working memory and cognitive flexibility, processes that depend on the correct functioning of the prefrontal cortex, especially vulnerable to the effects of alcohol. Objectives: To study the existing relationships among the intensive consumption of alcohol by adolescents, the symptomatology and the academic performance in subjects such as Language, Mathematics and Natural Sciences. Method: This work is part of a larger project that is being developed in educational centers of the Community of Madrid. For this work, 913 students aged between 12 and 15 years old, and educated in these centers, have been evaluated. To determine the alcohol consumption and its executive profile, a battery of questionnaires, completed individually by students, was used. The academic performance was determined based on the grades in the subjects mentioned at the end of the course in which the data collection was carried out. Results: The results are still preliminary, but we have observed that adolescents who consume alcohol score lower than non-consumers. Likewise, such individuals show a more accented design profile. Conclusions: The prefrontal cortex is a target center for the neurotoxic effects of alcohol and this is manifested in the daily behavior of the subjects (greater dysexecutive symptomatology) and in their academic performance (worse grades). This knowledge of the effects of intensive alcohol consumption should be taken into consideration in order to establish prevention programs aimed at combating school failure and behavioral problems in adolescents.Fac. de EducaciónTRUEpu
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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