217 research outputs found
Writers, artists, mothers: Author figures in the short fiction of Mary Lavin
No full textThis paper traces the development figures of the author in the short fiction of the Irish writer Mary Lavin against the background of her anomalous position as woman, writer and mother in the conservative and patriarchal context of mid-century Ireland. Through a detailed reading of six stories, the paper shows how after staging a confident author figure in the early "A Story With A Pattern", Lavin dramatized the tension between her roles as mother and artist in a series of oppositional characters in stories such as "The Becker Wives", "Eterna" and "In a Café". Her artist figures, modelled after the Romantic conception of the author as exceptionally gifted outsiders, are thus unable to attain 'ordinary' lives as wives or mothers; while her alter ego in the so-called widow stories are mostly realised as 'just' wife, widow and mother. Only in two stories written at the end of her career does Lavin again stage an author figure who combines the roles of mother and writer, thus offering an alternative to the Romantic and predominantly masculine image of the author that has long dominated Irish literary culture.status: Publishe
Data for Gender Dynamics and Critical Reception: A Study of Early 20th-century Book Reviews from The New York Times
No full textA dataset of approximately 2,800 book reviews published in The New York Times between January 1, 1905 and December 31, 1925. Includes labels for presumed gender of the author under review
Graduate Sessions 1: Sylvia Lavin
No full textSylvia Lavin is Professor of Architecture at UCLA and writes widely on contemporary architecture and theory. She recently completed a year as a Getty Scholar where she was working on her next book, The Flash in the Pan and Other Forms of Architectural Contemporaneity. She is co-editor of Crib Sheets (Monacelli Press, 2005) and the author of Form Follows Libido: Architecture and Richard Neutra in a Psychoanalytic Culture (MIT Press, 2005)
Response to Löhr: Why we still need a new normativism
No full textGuido Löhr's recent article makes several insightful and productive suggestions about how to proceed with the empirical study of collective action. However, their critique of the conclusions drawn in Gomez-Lavin & Rachar (2022) is undermined by some issues with the interpretation of the debate and paper. This discussion article clears up those issues, presents new findings from experiments developed in response to Löhr's critiques, reflects on the role of experimental research in the development and refinement of philosophical theories, and adds to Löhr's suggestions about the path forward.Final article published
Eating Anxiety: The Perils of Food Politics
No full textIn Eating Anxiety, Chad Lavin argues that our culture's obsession with diet, obesity, meat, and local foods enacts ideological and biopolitical responses to perceived threats to both individual and national sovereignty. Using the occasion of eating to examine assumptions about identity, objectivity, and sovereignty that underwrite so much political order, Lavin explains how food functions to help structure popular and philosophical understandings of the world and the place of humans within it. He introduces the concept of digestive subjectivity and shows how this offers valuable resources for rethinking cherished political ideals surrounding knowledge, democracy, and power. Exploring discourses of food politics, Eating Anxiety links the concerns of food—especially issues of sustainability, public health, and inequality—to the evolution of the world order and the possibilities for democratic rule. It forces us to question the significance of consumerist politics and—simultaneously—the relationship between politics and ethics, public and private. “In Eating Anxiety, Chad Lavin steadfastly rejects what have come to be clichés about our modern relation to food and gives us new answers to old questions about what makes us anxious about food. His innovative analysis tacks back and forth between political philosophy and contemporary food treatises to show how ethical consumption is founded on untenable notions of the liberal, disembodied subject—ironically so. Taking swipes at obesity hysteria, food localism, and post-humanism alike, Lavin asks us to confront our anxieties—including those about our failing democracy—rather than to seek solace in individualist approaches to food system change.” —Julie Guthman, author of Weighing in: Obesity, food justice, and the limits of capitalis
PT-VWD posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges-small case series.
No full textDespite the increased worldwide awareness, over the last decade, of the platelet-type von Willebrand Disease (PT-VWD), many uncertainties remain around this rare platelet bleeding disorder. This report aims to correctly identify and study the phenotype of new patients and highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges this disease remains to pose. We describe four PT-VWD cases confirmed by genetic analysis in which either the diagnosis and/or the treatment posed challenge. We provide the details of the clinical presentation, laboratory analysis, and the treatment and the responses in each case. We show that in addition to type 2B VWD, PT-VWD can be misdiagnosed as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, and unexplained gestational thrombocytopenia. The disease can be diagnosed as early as 1 year of age and with phenotypically normal parents. Bleeding in some patients can be managed successfully using Humate P and DDAVP combined with tranexamic acid with no significant thrombocytopenia. We provide for the first time an evidence of an efficient response to rFVIIa in PT-VWD. Anaphylactic reaction to VWF preparations may be related to PT-VWD and the development of HLA antibodies is not uncommon. Progressive thrombocytopenia with normal VWF levels can be seen with PT-VWD and the platelet count was normalized at 2.5 weeks postpartum in one case. We conclude that these studies represent a record of clinical observations/interventions that help improve diagnoses/management of PT-VWD, highlight the variations in age and clinical presentations, laboratory diagnostic approaches, the importance of genetic testing for accurate diagnosis and consideration of therapeutic alternatives.Fil: Sánchez Luceros, Analía Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas ; ArgentinaFil: Woods, Adriana Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Bermejo, Emilse. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas ; ArgentinaFil: Shukla, Shilpa. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Acharya, Suchitra. Cohen's Children Medical Center of New York; Estados UnidosFil: Lavin, Michelle. St. James Hospital; IrlandaFil: Rydz, Natalia. University of Calgary; CanadáFil: Othman, Maha. Queens University; Canad
Empowerment of youth in foster care: foster care alumni's perceptions of transition supports during aging out of care
No full textOutcome research has shown that upon aging out of the foster care system, many young adults struggle during their transition to independence. Youth who age out are less likely than their peers in the general population to achieve academic success, including high school graduation and post-secondary education. These youth are more likely to be unemployed or work at jobs that do not provide them with financial security. They are more likely than their peers to experience violence, victimization, homelessness or unstable housing, mental illness, and other poor health outcomes. They are also at an increased risk for incarceration, substance abuse, and early parenthood; and they are more likely to lose their children to the foster care system. The current study seeks to examine experiences foster care alumni identify as empowering and promoting resilience. By identifying elements that contributed to building self-sufficiency and positive outcomes, this research attempts to inform practitioners, policy makers, and other stakeholders as they attempt to move towards best practices of effective service delivery. Data were collected by conducting semi-structured interviews with four foster care alumni who were in care in New Jersey. Transcribed interview data was analyzed utilizing McCracken’s “grounded theory” as a guide. Data was reduced to smaller units for identification of common, interrelated themes. These themes and patterns were subjected to a process of analysis in an attempt to inform conclusions. Participants credit their positive outcomes, post transition, to several factors, which include the impact of relationships and mentoring, as well as other intrinsic and environmental factors. Study participants offered several recommendations for policy and program reform. The relationship of findings to literature, limitations and implications of the current study for practice and research are discussed.Psy. D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Ewa U. Lavi
Abstract P4-02-08: Opto-acoustic imaging of the breast: Downclassification and upclassification of suspicious breast masses
No full textAbstract
Background
Imagio® is an opto-acoustic (OA) breast imaging system designed to concomitantly collect OA images together with diagnostic ultrasound (CDU). The device is intended to improve distinction between benign and malignant masses. In this interim analysis of the post-market surveillance MAESTRO study we report the results of 75 patients who had breast masses classified as BI-RADS 4a and 4b by CDU.
Aim
We assessed OA's sensitivity, specificity, and its ability to downgrade benign masses and upgrade malignant masses based on the probability of malignancy (POM) and BI-RADS category.
Methods
Seventy-five patients with 78 breast masses were evaluated with OA prior to biopsy. For each mass, the radiologist scored 5 OA features, assigned a POM and BI-RADS category. OA sensitivity, specificity, and BI-RADS downgrade and upgrade percentages were assessed with and without contribution from a previously derived nomogram.
Results
The mean POM difference between malignant and benign masses was higher for OA (37%) than for CDU (27%). OA specificity was 43% without the nomogram and 68% with the nomogram. OA sensitivity was 97% with and without the nomogram. With OA 43% of benign masses could be downgraded and 47% of malignant masses could be upgraded in BIRADS category.
Conclusion
These results appear to confirm the previously reported ability of OA to improve the differentiation between benign and malignant masses compared to CDU alone, to potentially decrease negative biopsies, and to upgrade BI-RADS category in malignant masses. The MAESTRO study (n=200) may further confirm these results.
Citation Format: Menezes GLG, Pijnappel RM, Meeuwis C, Bisschops B, Veltman J, Lavin PT, Mann RM. Opto-acoustic imaging of the breast: Downclassification and upclassification of suspicious breast masses [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-02-08.</jats:p
A method for establishing class III medical device equivalence: sodium hyaluronate (GenVisc 850) for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis
No full textGheorghe Doros,1 Philip T Lavin,2 Michael Daley,3 Larry E Miller4 1School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, 2Lavin Consulting LLC, Framingham, MA, 3OrthogenRx Inc., Doylestown, PA, 4Miller Scientific Consulting, Inc., Asheville, NC, USA Abstract: Although the concept of equivalence for drugs (generics) and biologics (biosimilars) has been readily adopted, the concept of equivalence or indistinguishable characteristics for class III medical devices has yet to be specifically addressed regarding a defined regulatory approval process in the US. In September 2015, GenVisc 850® (sodium hyaluronate), a hyaluronic acid approved for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) based upon indistinguishable characteristics in comparison to an approved branded hyaluronic acid (Supartz®/Supartz FX™). The purpose of this paper is to review the methodology and report the main outcomes used to demonstrate clinical comparability of GenVisc 850 with Supartz/Supartz FX. The FDA approval was collectively attained using prospectively defined methods for preclinical, physical, and chemical testing, as well as noninferiority in clinical performance comparisons. Evidence from five randomized controlled studies of Supartz/Supartz FX vs saline control injections (used for Supartz approval), two randomized controlled trials of GenVisc 850 vs saline control injections, and one randomized controlled study of GenVisc 850 vs Supartz/Supartz FX provided evidence of safety for GenVisc 850. Efficacy was further assessed based on assessment of the same Supartz studies and three prospectively identified GenVisc 850 studies. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was used to demonstrate that the clinical efficacy of GenVisc 850 was noninferior to Supartz/Supartz FX and superior to saline control. Overall, safety of GenVisc 850 was similar to that of Supartz/Supartz FX and saline control injections, while efficacy of GenVisc 850 was noninferior to that of Supartz/Supartz FX and superior to saline control injections. Keywords: Food and Drug Administration, generic, substantially equivalent, biosimilar, indistinguishable, hyaluronic acid, knee, class III, medical device, osteoarthriti
Abstract P4-02-03: Breast biopsy histology relationships with opto-acoustic imaging of breast masses
No full textAbstract
Purpose: The Imagio® breast imaging system, a diagnostic opto-acoustic (OA) imaging device bearing the CE Mark, is in the U.S. FDA Premarket Approval process. OA provides both functional (relative oxygenation/de-oxygenation) and anatomic (angiogenesis) information that is co-registered and temporally interleaved in real time with gray-scale ultrasound that may improve distinction between benign and malignant masses. OA imaging pathology correlation was performed to elucidate the histologic features of OA features of breast cancers.
Methods and Materials: A multicenter postmarket surveillance and clinical follow-up study was conducted in five Dutch sites in which 209 women with breast masses underwent OA prior to biopsy. Histopathology examination of the biopsies revealed 146 benign masses (mostly fibroadenomas) and 76 malignant masses (mostly invasive ductal carcinomas). For invasive ductal carcinomas, histologic grade and the features used to assess histologic grade (nuclear pleomorphism, tubule formation, and mitotic count) were assessed. For each mass, 5 pre-determined OA features, 3 internal features, and 2 external features were evaluated. The 3 internal scores (vessels, blush, and hemoglobin) and 2 external features (capsular boundary zone and peripheral boundary zone) were separately and collectively summed for testing relationships with traditional histopathology measures using a two-sided Jonckheere-Terpstra test of ordered outcomes. Distribution differences between benign and malignant masses were performed using a Wilcoxon Rank Sum test for each internal, external, and summed total internal, external, and total score.
Results: The mean differences were significantly higher for malignant vs. benign for internal vessels (p=0.0009), internal blush (p=0.0085), external boundary zone (p&lt;0.0001), and external peripheral zone (p&lt;0.0001), but not internal hemoglobin. Mean Total Internal Score, Total External Score, and Total Internal and External Score were all significantly higher (all p&lt;0.01) for malignant vs. benign. Among invasive carcinomas, Total Internal Score and Total Internal and External Score were significantly higher for higher histologic tumor grade (p=0.04, 0.02), significantly higher Total External Score and Total Internal and External Score for higher tubule score (p=0.06, 0.03), slightly higher Total Internal Score and Total Internal and External Score for higher nuclear pleomorphism score (p=0.04, 0.05), and slightly higher Total Internal Score for higher mitotic score (p=0.03).
Conclusion: OA feature summary scores appear to differentiate between benign vs. malignant and correspond to histologic grade and scoring components of histologic grade. The U.S. investigational PIONEER pivotal study (n=2,095) may further confirm these results.
Citation Format: van de Vijver M, Lavin PT, Stavros AT. Breast biopsy histology relationships with opto-acoustic imaging of breast masses [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-02-03.</jats:p
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