23 research outputs found
Gustatory functions, sodium appetite, and conditioned taste aversion survive excitotoxic lesions of the thalamic taste area
No full textRats with bilateral, electrophysiologically guided, ibotenic acid lesions of the gustatory thalamus (THLX) were tested for their ability to perform a variety of taste-guided behaviors. First, in daily 30-min sessions, the rats were given repeated 10-s access periods to a range of concentrations of sucrose, NaCl, or QHCl, plus water. Both the control and the THLX rats exhibited similar concentration-response functions, regardless of hydrational state. Next, on 3 trials, the rats were given 15 min access to 0.3 M l-alanine and then injected with LiCl (0.15 M, 1.33 ml/100 g body weight ip). All rats learned a taste aversion following 1 pairing with LiCl. Finally, on 3 separate occasions, the rats were injected with furosemide, and Na+-appetite was evaluated 24 hr later. All rats expressed an equivalent sodium appetite after the first furosemide injection, but only the control rats increased intake of 0.51 M NaCl with repeated sodium depletions. These observations reinforce prior data implying that an intact gustatory thalamus is not necessary for the expression of some taste-guided behaviors
Role of gustatory thalamus in anticipation and comparison of rewards over time in rats
No full textRats reduce intake of a palatable saccharin solution when it is followed by access to a preferred sucrose solution. This phenomenon, referred to as an anticipatory contrast effect ( ACE), is thought to occur because the value of the saccharin conditioned stimulus pales in comparison to the highly rewarding sucrose unconditioned stimulus expected in the near future. Although relatively little is known about the underlying neural substrates, lesions of the gustatory thalamus fully disrupt the phenomenon (Reilly S, Bornovalova M, and Trifunovic R. Behav Neurosci 118: 365-376, 2004; Reilly S and Pritchard TC. Behav Neurosci 110: 746-759, 1996). The present set of experiments revisited this issue to determine the nature of this deficit. Rats with bilateral ibotenic acid lesions of the gustatory thalamus were given 3-min access to 0.15% saccharin and, after a 0-s or 5-min interval, were given 3-min access to either the same saccharin solution or a highly preferred 1.0 M sucrose solution. In experiment 1, ACE testing began with the 5-min interstimulus interval (ISI) and then switched to the 0-s ISI. For experiment 2, the order of ISI testing was reversed. The results show that axon-sparing, neurotoxic lesions of the gustatory thalamus prevent ACEs with a 0-s ISI and lead to a reversal (i.e., a reinforcement effect) with a 5-min ISI. Together, the results suggest that the lesion leads to a specific reward comparison deficit, whereby the rats fail to compare the value of an available reward with the memory of a preferred reward that is anticipated in the near future
The Booster/Delta nexus : Henry Miller and his friends in the literary world of Paris and London on the eve of the Second World War.
No full textEvolution of silicon micro-strip detector currents during proton irradiation at the CERN PS
No full textThe current evolution of full-sized prototype silicon micro-strip detectorsfor the ATLAS SCT during proton irradiation with the 24 GeV beam from theCERN PS is described.It is shown that the measured detector currents agree well withthe predictions of bulk radiation damage parameterizations, indicating thatthe detector design is robust against other damage effects
Evolution of silicon microstrip detector currents during proton irradiation at the CERN PS
No full textPrototype ATLAS silicon microstrip detectors have been irradiated to the dose predicted for 10 years of LHC operation with protons at the CERN PS whilst cooled to the ATLAS design operating temperature. The detector currents were monitored during irradiation, which allows the predictions of bulk radiation damage parameterizations to be tested. Values for the damage constant α and the rate of acceptor creation β have been calculated and are in agreement with those previously published for the irradiation of silicon diodes
Behavioral and neuroanatomical substrates contributing to motivation in the postpartum female rat:
No full textThe experiments described in this dissertation characterize the unique motivational state of the postpartum female rat. To effectively protect and care for offspring (pups), postpartum females must be strongly motivated to seek out and interact with pups. A combination of place preference studies, behavioral observations, and neurobiological interventions were used to explore females’ motivational state across the postpartum period.To challenge postpartum females’ maternal motivation, Chapter 1 presented females with a choice between chambers paired with pups and highly salient cocaine. While most late postpartum females preferred cocaine, many early postpartum females retained striking preference for the pup-paired chamber. To explore whether cocaine’s incentive value changed across the postpartum period, Chapter 2 examined females’ preference for cocaine- versus saline-paired chambers. Across a broad range of drug administration parameters, postpartum females consistently expressed similar, strong preference for the cocaine-paired chamber. Surprisingly, cocaine preference was stronger in postpartum females than virgin females or males. Females’ locomotor response to pup, cocaine, and saline stimuli predicted their preference for those stimuli. Chapter 3 revealed that the length of pup exposure and nature of female-pup interactions can even affect the motivational state of females that have not given birth. Virgin females were exposed to young pups for various lengths of time and then tested for pup-paired chamber preference. Striking pup-paired chamber preference emerged even in virgin females only briefly exposed to pups, matching the preference expressed by strongly motivated postpartum females. Experiments in Chapter 4 revealed that the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a brain region critical to motivated behavior, drives the incentive value of pup but not cocaine stimuli. Postpartum and virgin females were tested for their preference for pup- or cocaine-paired chambers, respectively, after transient VTA inactivation. Pup preference was abolished by VTA inactivation and restored after recovery. Cocaine preference remained intact despite VTA function.Maternal motivation is resilient to challenge during early postpartum and is at least partially driven by exposure to pups. As the choice of other salient stimuli (e.g., cocaine) during postpartum may jeopardize maternal motivation, females’ motivation to interact proactively with pups is critical to the offsprings’ survival and viability.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical references (p. 203-218)by Katharine M. Sei
Interview with Paul Levy
No full textPaul Levy (born 26 February 1941 in Lexington, Kentucky) holds joint US / UK nationality and is an award winning author and journalist. He lives in Oxfordshire with his wife, Penelope Marcus, and has two daughters. Levy attended University of Chicago; University College London; Harvard University; and Nuffield College, Oxford. He was awarded his PhD in 1979. Levy was Food and Wine editor for The Observer from 1980 to 1991 and then Senior Contributor, Culture, The Wall Street Journal (1991-2015). He has contributed widely on food in the media including Gourmet (London Letter) (1990s); Travel + Leisure (1995-2014); wine writer, The Mail on Sunday (1993-2013); New York Times (1980-2012); frequent broadcaster BBC radio and television; Daily Telegraph (2010-); Independent (1990-); Spectator (2015-); New York Review of Books (2016-); TLS (1974-).
Paul is co-literary executor with Michael Holroyd of Lytton Strachey\u27s estate, trustee of the Strachey Trust, Jane Grigson Trust, and co-chair with Claudia Roden of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery. With Ann Barr (and synchronically Gael Greene), he coined the word foodie . He has won many British and American food writing and journalism prizes, including two commendations in the national British Press Awards, in 1985 and 1987. Paul blogs on culture at www.ArtsJournal.com/plainenglish.https://arrow.tudublin.ie/oxfor/1007/thumbnail.jp
Art, Biography, Sexuality: Patrick Procktor and Keith Vaughan
No full textThis critical review forms a reflection on the research published within the following publications:
Patrick Procktor: Art and Life (Unicorn Press, 2010)
Keith Vaughan: The Mature Oils 1946-1977, (Sansom & Co., 2012)
The research is on two artists, Patrick Procktor (1936-2003), and Keith Vaughan (1912-1977). The monograph on Procktor – previously one of the least documented of the generation of artists who came to prominence in London in the Sixties – positions him in a history of art from which he had been notably absent. The research on Vaughan asserts a new reading of his work, one that is both deeper and more nuanced in its analysis of the ways in which personal experience and sexuality are encoded autobiographically within his work. Crucially, in both artists biography and work are symbiotically linked; the research therefore examines the links between life and art.
Revisionary in intent, the work examines trajectories of experience of gay British (or rather, English) artists in the twentieth century, artists who sought to express themselves and forge careers within the constraints of a heteronormative society, albeit one in which attitudes to sexuality were undergoing change. As gay men, both were constrained by the social mores of their times, and each used painting as a means to affirm personal and sexual identities. A key research interest is in the ways in which sexuality and persona are reflected in critical responses to the artist’s work: in Vaughan, Procktor and other gay male artists of the period. The writing on both Procktor and Vaughan examines the relationship between their personal and professional/artistic lives, framed within a broader socio-political and art historical context. It asserts the place of biography as a means to understand and form new readings of the work. The work adds substantially to the literature and wider discourse on post-war British painting and social history
Irradiation of ATLAS SCT Modules and Detectors in 2002
No full textThis note reports on the irradiation of ATLAS Semiconductor Tracker (SCT) modules and detectors carried out at the ATLAS irradiation facility at the CERN PS T7 area during the year 2002. In total, 15 modules were irradiated, 9 K5 forward modules (which includes 2 K5.1 forward modules), 6 barrel modules, 2 hybrids (one each for the forward and barrel), plus 52 detectors and 6 minis, as well as various other passive components. The different types of dosimetry are described for each irradiation period
Why We Don\u27t Cook Anymore
No full textKen Albala is Professor of History at the University of the Pacific. He is the author or editor of 14 books on food including Eating Right in the Renaissance, Food in Early Modern Europe, Cooking in Europe 1250-1650, The Banquet: Dining in the Great Courts of Late Renaissance Europe, Beans: A History (winner of the 2008 International Association of Culinary Professionals Jane Grigson Award), and Pancake. He has also co-edited two works, The Business of Food and Human Cuisine, and two other edited collections are forthcoming this fall: Food and Faith and A Cultural History of Food: The Renaissance. Albala was also editor of three food series for Greenwood Press with 30 volumes in print and his 4-volume Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia was just published this summer. Albala is also co-editor of the journal Food Culture and Society and general editor of the new series AltaMira Studies in Food and Gastronomy, for which he has written a textbook entitled Three World Cuisines: Italy, China, Mexico which will appear in the spring of 2012. He is currently researching a history of theological controversies surrounding fasting in the Reformation Era, and has co-authored a cookbook for Penguin /Perigee entitled The Lost Art of Real Cooking, the sequel of which will appear next year and is entitled The Lost Arts of Hearth and Home.
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