1,721,050 research outputs found
Supramaximal exercise mobilizes haematopoietic progenitors and reticulocytes in athletes
No full textAm J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2005 Nov;289(5):R1496-503. Epub 2005 Jul 14.
Supramaximal exercise mobilizes hematopoietic progenitors and reticulocytes in athletes.
Morici G, Zangla D, Santoro A, Pelosi E, Petrucci E, Gioia M, Bonanno A, Profita M, Bellia V, Testa U, Bonsignore MR.
SourceDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of Palermo, Italy.
Abstract
Marathon runners show increased circulating CD34+ cell counts and postexercise release of interleukin-6 (IL-6), granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and flt3-ligand (Bonsignore MR, Morici G, Santoro A, Pegano M, Cascio L, Bonnano A, Abate P, Mirabella F, Profita M, Insalaco G, Gioia M, Vignola AM, Majolino I, Testa U, and Hogg JC. J Appl Physiol 93: 1691-1697, 2002). In the present study we hypothesized that supramaximal ("all-out") exercise may acutely affect circulating progenitors and reticulocytes and investigated possible mechanisms involved. Progenitor release was measured by flow cytometry (n = 20) and clonogenic assays (n = 6) in 20 young competitive rowers (13 M, 7 F, age +/- SD: 17.1 +/- 2.1 yr, peak O2 consumption: 56.5 +/- 11.4 ml.min(-1).kg(-1)) at rest and shortly after 1,000 m "all-out." Release of reticulocytes, cortisol, muscle enzymes, neutrophil elastase, and several cytokines/growth factors was measured. Supramaximal exercise doubled circulating CD34+ cells (rest: 7.6 +/- 3.0, all-out: 16.3 +/- 9.1 cells/mul, P < 0.001), and increased immature reticulocyte fractions; AC133+ cells doubled, suggesting release of angiogenetic precursors. Erythrocyte burst forming units and colony forming units for granulocytes-monocytes and all blood series increased postexercise by 3.4-, 5.5-, and 4.8-fold, respectively (P < 0.01 for all). All-out rowing acutely increased plasma cortisol, neutrophil elastase, flt3-ligand, hepatocyte growth factor, VEGF, and transforming growth factor-beta1, and decreased erythropoietin; K-ligand, stromal-derived factor-1, IL-6, and G-CSF were unchanged. Therefore, all-out exercise is a physiological stimulus for progenitor release in athletes. Release of reticulocytes and proangiogenetic cells and mediators suggests tissue hypoxia as possibly involved in progenitor mobilization.
PMID:16020520[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE
Bronchial epithelial damage after a half-marathon in nonasthmatic amateur runners
Full text linkAm J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2010 Jun;298(6):L857-62. Epub 2010 Apr 2.
Bronchial epithelial damage after a half-marathon in nonasthmatic amateur runners.
Chimenti L, Morici G, Paternò A, Santagata R, Bonanno A, Profita M, Riccobono L, Bellia V, Bonsignore MR.
SourceDept. Biomedico Di Medicina Interna & Specialistica, Section of Pneumology, Univ. of Palermo, Via Trabucco 180, 90146 Palermo, Italy. [email protected]
Abstract
High neutrophil counts in induced sputum have been found in nonasthmatic amateur runners at rest and after a marathon, but the pathogenesis of airway neutrophilia in athletes is still poorly understood. Bronchial epithelial damage may occur during intense exercise, as suggested by investigations conducted in endurance-trained mice and competitive human athletes studied under resting conditions. To gain further information on airway changes acutely induced by exercise, airway cell composition, apoptosis, IL-8 concentration in induced sputum, and serum CC-16 level were measured in 15 male amateur runners at rest (baseline) and shortly after a half-marathon. Different from results obtained after a marathon, neutrophil absolute counts were unchanged, whereas bronchial epithelial cell absolute counts and their apoptosis increased significantly (P < 0.01). IL-8 in induced sputum supernatants almost doubled postrace compared with baseline (P < 0.01) and correlated positively with bronchial epithelial cell absolute counts (R(2) = 0.373, P < 0.01). Serum CC-16 significantly increased after all races (P < 0.01). These data show mild bronchial epithelial cell injury acutely induced by intense endurance exercise in humans, extending to large airways the data obtained in peripheral airways of endurance-trained mice. Therefore, neutrophil influx into the airways of athletes may be secondary to bronchial epithelial damage associated with intense exercise.
PMID:20363849[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE
Comparing effects and action mechanisms of BPA and BPS on HTR-8/SVneo placental cells
Full text linkBisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most investigated compound as a suspected endocrine disrupting chemical. It has been found at nM concentrations in the maternal serum, cord serum, and amniotic fluid and also permeates placental tissues. Attempts are being made to replace BPA with the analog Bisphenol S (BPS). Also BPS was found in maternal and umbilical cord serum, and urine samples from a large population of pregnant women. A few studies investigated BPA impact on the placentation process, and even less are available for BPS. This work aimed to elucidate and compare the effects of BPA and BPS on physiological functions of HTR-8/SVneo cells, derived from extravillous trophoblast of first-trimester pregnancy. Proliferation and migration ability of trophoblast cells were assessed in vitro after exposure to BPA or BPS (10-13-10-3 M). Further, induction of the inflammatory response by the bisphenols was studied. To provide insight into the molecular pathways implicated in the responses, experiments were carried out in the presence or absence of tamoxifen as estrogen receptors (ERs) blocker, and U0126 as ERK1/2 phosphorylation inhibitor. Data indicate that BPA significantly affects both proliferation and migration of HTR-8/SVneo cells, through ER and ERK1/2 mediated processes. Differently, BPS only acts on proliferation, again through ER and ERK1/2 mediated processes. BPS, but not BPA, induces secretion of interleukins 6 and 8. Such effect is inhibited by blocking ERK1/2 phosphorylation. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first data showing that BPS affects trophoblast functions through ER/MAPK modulation
Endocrine disrupting chemicals in Italian drinking water systems: Insights from a three-year investigation combining chemical and effect-based tools
Full text linkDrinking water quality can be compromised by endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Three phenolic compounds [bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP), and 4-octylphenol (OP)] and three hormones [17β-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2)] were analyzed as EDCs potentially occurring in source and drinking water from three full-scale drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) in the Romagna area (Italy) by a combined approach of HPLC-MS/MS target analysis and effect-based tests for estrogenicity and genotoxicity. The EDC removal efficiency was evaluated at different steps along the treatment process in the most advanced DWTP. NP prevailed in all samples, followed by BPA. Sporadic contamination by OP and E1/E2 appeared only in the source waters; EE2 was never detected. No estrogenic or genotoxic activity was found, except for two samples showing estrogenicity well below the effect-based trigger value suggested for drinking water safety (0.9 ng/L EEQ). BPA and NP levels were largely below the threshold value; however, increases were observed after the intermediate steps of the treatment chain. The good quality of the water relied on the last step, i.e. the activated carbon filtration. DWTPs may represent an extra source of EDCs and monitoring chemical occurrence at all steps of the process is advisable to improve efficiency
Contaminants of emerging concern in drinking water: Quality assessment by combining chemical and biological analysis
Full text linkDrinking water quality is a priority issue of the environmental policy agenda, however regulation on Contami-nants of Emerging Concern (CECs) is limited. A proposal to revise the Drinking Water Directive has recentlybeen approved (EU Council 2020), which updates the quality standards and introduces the watch list mecha-nism, including for thefirst time endocrine disruptors and pharmaceuticals. The purpose of this study was toevaluate the occurrence of selected CECs in surface water at the entrance of drinking water treatment plants(DWTPs) and in treated water, ready for distribution in the network. Samples were collected at three differentDWTPs (Italy) and CECs assessed by LC-MS/MS were the following: bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP),octylphenol, perfluorooctanesulfonic and perfluorooctanoic acids (PFOS and PFOA), atenolol, caffeine (CFF), car-bamazepine (CBZ), estrone, 17-β-estradiol, 17-α-ethinyl estradiol, diclofenac, and ibuprofen. In addition, biolog-ical analyses were performed to ascertain cumulative estrogenic and/or genotoxic potential of the samples. CFF,NP, PFOA, BPA, and CBZ were the most frequently detected contaminants, found in treated water in the followingranges: CFF 12.47–66.33 ng/L, NP 7.90–53.62 ng/L, PFO
Reduced airway responsiveness in nonelite runners
No full textMed Sci Sports Exerc. 2005 Dec;37(12):2019-25.
Reduced airway responsiveness in nonelite runners.
Scichilone N, Morici G, Marchese R, Bonanno A, Profita M, Togias A, Bonsignore MR.
SourceInstitute of Medicine and Pneumology, Respiratory Unit; University of Palermo, Italy. [email protected]
Abstract
PURPOSE: The effects of endurance training on airway responsiveness in nonasthmatic subjects are poorly defined. We hypothesized that airway responsiveness may differ between none-lite endurance athletes and sedentary subjects, and studied healthy, nonelite runners and sedentary controls by single-dose methacholine challenges carried out in the absence of deep inspirations, in that deep inspirations are known to oppose airway narrowing in nonasthmatic subjects.
METHODS: A total of 20 nonasthmatic none-lite runners (mean age+/- SD: 43.0+/- 8.5 yr; training volume: 68 km.wk; range: 40-100; racing experience: 11+/- 8 yr) and 20 sedentary controls (age: 44.0+/- 20.6 yr) were studied, all of them being normo-reactive to standard methacholine challenge up to 25 mg.mL concentration. All subjects were studied at rest; six runners were also studied about 1 h after completing the Palermo marathon (December 8, 2001). The primary outcome of the study was the inspiratory vital capacity (IVC) obtained after single-dose methacholine inhalation at the end of 20 min of deep inspiration prohibition.
RESULTS: At rest, IVC decreased by 10.5+/-8.1% after challenge with methacholine at 75 mg.mL in athletes, and by 24.3+/-16.1% after a methacholine concentration of 52+/-5.7 mg.mL in sedentary controls (P=0.002). The decreased response to methacholine in runners did not correlate with static lung volumes, amount of weekly training, or running experience.
CONCLUSION: Methacholine challenge under deep inspiration prohibition revealed that endurance training attenuates airway responsiveness in nonasthmatic, none-lite runners. Airway hyporesponsiveness was potentiated after the marathon, suggesting involvement of humoral (i.e., catecholamine levels), airway factors (i.e., nitric oxide), or both in modulating airway tone after exercise.
PMID:16331124[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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