27,125 research outputs found
Developing PRISMA Qualitative Evidence Synthesis reporting guideline (PRISMA-QES)
No full textProtocol for a Methodological Systematic Review for the development of the PRISMA-QE
Extension of the PRISMA 2020 statement for living systematic reviews (PRISMA-LSR): checklist and explanation
No full textPublications of living systematic reviews (LSRs) are increasing rapidly. Guidance facilitating transparent, complete, and accurate reporting of LSRs is needed. This paper reports the development of an extension of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement for LSRs (PRISMA-LSR). The PRISMA-LSR extension includes the PRISMA-LSR checklist, the PRISMA-LSR flow diagram, reporting recommendations for the LSR status, and an explanation and elaboration document. This extension has been developed as an “add-on” to the PRISMA 2020 statement, meaning it should be used in addition to the PRISMA 2020 statement. The PRISMA-LSR extension is expected to benefit authors, editors, peer reviewers, and users of LSRs through transparent, complete, and accurate reporting of LSRs
Real Estate Development: An overview
No full textGreen Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Urban Development Managemen
Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies: The PRISMA-DTA Statement
No full textImportance: Systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy synthesize data from
primary diagnostic studies that have evaluated the accuracy of 1 or more index
tests against a reference standard, provide estimates of test performance, allow
comparisons of the accuracy of different tests, and facilitate the identification
of sources of variability in test accuracy.
Objective: To develop the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and
Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) diagnostic test accuracy guideline as a stand-alone
extension of the PRISMA statement. Modifications to the PRISMA statement reflect
the specific requirements for reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
of diagnostic test accuracy studies and the abstracts for these reviews.
Design: Established standards from the Enhancing the Quality and Transparency of
Health Research (EQUATOR) Network were followed for the development of the
guideline. The original PRISMA statement was used as a framework on which to
modify and add items. A group of 24 multidisciplinary experts used a systematic
review of articles on existing reporting guidelines and methods, a 3-round Delphi
process, a consensus meeting, pilot testing, and iterative refinement to develop
the PRISMA diagnostic test accuracy guideline. The final version of the PRISMA
diagnostic test accuracy guideline checklist was approved by the group.
Findings: The systematic review (produced 64 items) and the Delphi process
(provided feedback on 7 proposed items; 1 item was later split into 2 items)
identified 71 potentially relevant items for consideration. The Delphi process
reduced these to 60 items that were discussed at the consensus meeting. Following
the meeting, pilot testing and iterative feedback were used to generate the
27-item PRISMA diagnostic test accuracy checklist. To reflect specific or optimal
contemporary systematic review methods for diagnostic test accuracy, 8 of the 27
original PRISMA items were left unchanged, 17 were modified, 2 were added, and 2
were omitted.
Conclusions and Relevance: The 27-item PRISMA diagnostic test accuracy checklist
provides specific guidance for reporting of systematic reviews. The PRISMA
diagnostic test accuracy guideline can facilitate the transparent reporting of
reviews, and may assist in the evaluation of validity and applicability, enhance
replicability of reviews, and make the results from systematic reviews of
diagnostic test accuracy studies more useful
Qualitative Evidence Synthesis (QES) for Guidelines: Paper 3 – Using qualitative evidence syntheses to develop implementation considerations and inform implementation processes
No full textBackground: This is the third in a series of three papers describing the use of qualitative evidence syntheses (QES) to inform the development of clinical and health systems guidelines. WHO has recognised the need to improve its guideline methodology to ensure that decision-making processes are transparent and evidence based, and that the resulting recommendations are relevant and applicable to end users. In addition to the standard data on effectiveness, WHO guidelines increasingly use evidence derived from QES to provide information on acceptability and feasibility and to develop important implementation considerations.
Methods: WHO convened a group drawn from the technical teams involved in formulating recent (2010–2018) guidelines employing QES. Using a pragmatic and iterative approach that included feedback from WHO staff and other stakeholders, the group reflected on, discussed and identified key methods and research implications from designing QES and using the resulting findings in guideline development. As members of WHO guideline technical teams, our aim in this paper is to explore how we have used findings from QES to develop implementation considerations for these guidelines.
Results: For each guideline, in addition to using systematic reviews of effectiveness, the technical teams used QES to gather evidence of the acceptability and feasibility of interventions and, in some cases, equity issues and the value people place on different outcomes. This evidence was synthesised using standardised processes. The teams then used the QES to identify implementation considerations combined with other sources of information and input from experts.
Conclusions: QES were useful sources of information for implementation considerations. However, several issues for further development remain, including whether researchers should use existing health systems frameworks when developing implementation considerations; whether researchers should take confidence in the evidence into account when developing implementation considerations; whether qualitative evidence that reveals implementation challenges should lead guideline panels to make conditional recommendations or only point to implementation considerations; and whether guideline users find it helpful to have challenges pointed out to them or whether they also need solutions. Finally, we need to explore how QES findings can be incorporated into derivative products to aid implementation
Extending the PRISMA statement to equity-focused systematic reviews (PRISMA-E 2012): explanation and elaboration.
No full textBACKGROUND: The promotion of health equity, the absence of avoidable and unfair differences in health outcomes, is a global imperative. Systematic reviews are an important source of evidence for health decision-makers, but have been found to lack assessments of the intervention effects on health equity. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) is a 27 item checklist intended to improve transparency and reporting of systematic reviews. We developed an equity extension for PRISMA (PRISMA-E 2012) to help systematic reviewers identify, extract, and synthesise evidence on equity in systematic reviews. METHODS AND FINDINGS: In this explanation and elaboration paper we provide the rationale for each extension item. These items are additions or modifications to the existing PRISMA Statement items, in order to incorporate a focus on equity. An example of good reporting is provided for each item as well as the original PRISMA item. CONCLUSIONS: This explanation and elaboration document is intended to accompany the PRISMA-E 2012 Statement and the PRISMA Statement to improve understanding of the reporting guideline for users. The PRISMA-E 2012 reporting guideline is intended to improve transparency and completeness of reporting of equity-focused systematic reviews. Improved reporting can lead to better judgement of applicability by policy makers which may result in more appropriate policies and programs and may contribute to reductions in health inequities. To encourage wide dissemination of this article it is accessible on the International Journal for Equity in Health, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, and Journal of Development Effectiveness web sites
PRISMA harms checklist: improving harms reporting in systematic reviews
No full textIntroduction For any health intervention, accurate knowledge of both benefits and harms is needed. Systematic reviews often compound poor reporting of harms in primary studies by failing to report harms or doing so inadequately. While the PRISMA statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) helps systematic review authors ensure complete and transparent reporting, it is focused mainly on efficacy. Thus, a PRISMA harms checklist has been developed to improve harms reporting in systematic reviews, promoting a more balanced assessment of benefits and harms.
Methods A development strategy, endorsed by the EQUATOR Network and existing reporting guidelines (including the PRISMA statement, PRISMA for abstracts, and PRISMA for protocols), was used. After the development of a draft checklist of items, a modified Delphi process was initiated. The Delphi consisted of three rounds of electronic feedback followed by an in-person meeting.
Results The PRISMA harms checklist contains four essential reporting elements to be added to the original PRISMA statement to improve harms reporting in reviews. These are reported in the title (“Specifically mention ‘harms’ or other related terms, or the harm of interest in the review”), synthesis of results (“Specify how zero events were handled, if relevant”), study characteristics (“Define each harm addressed, how it was ascertained (eg, patient report, active search), and over what time period”), and synthesis of results (“Describe any assessment of possible causality”). Additional guidance regarding existing PRISMA items was developed to demonstrate relevance when synthesising information about harms.
Conclusion The PRISMA harms checklist identifies a minimal set of items to be reported when reviewing adverse events. This guideline extension is intended to improve harms reporting in systematic reviews, whether harms are a primary or secondary outcome
The development of a multi-criteria decision analysis aid to help with contraceptive choices: My Contraception Tool.
No full textMy Contraception Tool (MCT) applies the principles of multi-criteria decision analysis to the choice of contraceptive method. Its purpose is to make the decision-making process transparent to the user and to suggest a method to them based on their own preferences. The contraceptive option that emerges as optimal from the analysis takes account of the probability of a range of outcomes and the relative weight ascribed to them by the user. The development of MCT was a collaborative project between London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Brook, FPA and Maldaba Ltd. MCT is available online via the Brook and FPA websites. In this article we describe MCT's development and how it works. Further work is needed to assess the impact it has on decision quality and contraceptive behaviour
Qualitative Evidence Synthesis (QES) for Guidelines: Paper 1 – Using qualitative evidence synthesis to inform guideline scope and develop qualitative findings statements
No full textBackground: WHO has recognised the need to ensure that guideline processes are transparent and evidence based, and that the resulting recommendations are relevant and applicable. Along with decision-making criteria that require findings from effectiveness reviews, WHO is increasingly using evidence derived from qualitative evidence syntheses (QES) to inform the values, acceptability, equity and feasibility implications of its recommendations. This is the first in a series of three papers examining the use of QES in developing clinical and health systems guidelines.
Methods: WHO convened a group of methodologists involved in developing recent (2010–2018) guidelines that were informed by QES. Using a pragmatic and iterative approach that included feedback from WHO staff and other stakeholders, the group reflected on, discussed and identified key methods and research implications from designing QES and using the resulting findings in guideline development. Our aim in this paper is to (1) describe and discuss how the findings of QES can inform the scope of a guideline and (2) develop findings for key guideline decision-making criteria.
Results: QES resulted in the addition of new outcomes that are directly relevant to service users, a stronger evidence base for decisions about how much effective interventions and related outcomes are valued by stakeholders in a range of contexts, and a more complete database of summary evidence for guideline panels to consider, linked to decisions about values, acceptability, feasibility and equity.
Conclusions: Rigorously conducted QES can be a powerful means of improving the relevance of guidelines, and of ensuring that the concerns of stakeholders, at all levels of the healthcare system and from a wide range of settings, are taken into account at all stages of the process
Aprindo Prisma. 2017. Pengembangan Pembelajaran Bulutangkis Melalui Multimedia Interaktif untuk Siswa Kelas X SMA Sederajat
No full textABSTRAK Saputra, Aprindo Prisma. 2017. Pengembangan Pembelajaran Bulutangkis Melalui Multimedia Interaktif untuk Siswa Kelas X SMA Sederajat. Skripsi, Jurusan Pendidikan Jasmani dan Kesehatan, Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan, Universitas Negeri Malang. Pembimbing (I). Dr. Wasis D. Dwiyogo, M.Pd., (II) Drs.Tatok Sugiarto, S.Pd, M.Pd. Kata Kunci: Pengembangan, Bulutangkis, Multimedia interaktif, SMA SederajatPenggunaan metode ceramah dalam proses pembelajaran materi bulutangkis dalam pendidikan jasmani, olahraga dan kesehatan kurang efektif karena pembelajaran berpusat pada guru sehingga siswa cenderung pasif dan siswa merasa cepat bosan saat pembelajaran berlangsung. Oleh karena itu keberhasilan pencapaian tujuan pembelajaran sangat tergantung pada kemampuan guru untuk memahami dan memilih media pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam proses kegiatan pembelajaran yang nantinya siswa dapat mudah memahami materi yang disampaikan oleh guru dan siswa tidak merasa bosan. Tujuan penelitian dan pengembangan ini adalah untuk menghasilkan produk pembelajaran bulutangkis melalui multimedia interaktif untuk siswa kelas X SMA Sederajat yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan dan keterampilan dasar permainan bulutangkis bagi siswa dan juga dapat dijadikan alternatif untuk membantu mengoptimalkan kegiatan pembelajaran bagi guru.Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian dan pengembangan ini meliputi 7 langkah dari 10 langkah yang dikemukakan oleh Borg & Gall yaitu sebagai berikut: 1) analisis kebutuhan, (2) perencanaan pengembangan produk, (3) pengembangan rancangan produk, (4) uji coba kelompok kecil, (5) revisi produk pertama berdasarkan hasil uji coba kelompok kecil, (6) uji coba lapangan (kelompok besar), dan (7) revisi produk sesuai hasil uji coba kelompok besar.Hasil akhir dari kegiatan penelitian dan pengembangan ini adalah berupa pembelajaran bulutangkis yang terdiri dari materi sejarah, hakikat, teknik dasar, sarpras, perwasitan, peraturan, latihan fisik dan strategi permainan yang dikemas dalam multimedia interaktif dengan format exe menggunakan AutoPlay Media Studio 7.5. Analisis data validasi ahli pembelajaran diperoleh hasil 86,2% dengan kategori sangat valid, analisis data validasi ahli media diperoleh hasil 75,% dengan kategori cukup valid, analisis data validasi ahli bulutangkis diperoleh hasil 90,8 dengan kategori sangat valid, analisis data uji coba kelompok kecil terhadap 12 siswa diperoleh hasil 89,8% dengan kategori sangat valid, dan analisis data uji coba kelompok besar terhadap 30 siswa diperoleh hasil 92,7% dengan kategori sangat valid.Berdasarkan hasil analisis data di atas, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran bulutangkis melalui multimedia interaktif untuk siswa kelas X SMA sederajat ini layak digunakan sebagai alternatif media pembelajaran guna untuk meningkatkan kemampuan dan keterampilan dasar siswa khususnya materi bulutangkis dalam pelajaran pendidikan jasmani, olahraga dan kesehatan. Produk multimedia interaktif ini hendaknya dikembangkan lagi supaya lebih variatif dan menyenangkan. ABSTRACTSaputra, Aprindo Prisma. 2017. Development of Badminton Lesson throughInteractive Multimedia for 10 th Grade High School Students. Thesis,Department of Physical Education and Health, Faculty of Sport Science,State University of Malang.Advisor (I). Dr. Wasis D. Dwiyogo, M.Pd., (II)Drs.TatokSugiarto, S.Pd, M.Pd. Keywords: Development, Badminton, Interactive Multimedia, high school equalThe use of lecture method in the process of learning badminton material in physical education, sports and health less effective because of the teacher-centered learning so that students tend to be passive and students feel quickly bored when the learning takes place. Therefore, the success of learning achievement depends on the ability of teachers to understand and select the learning media used in the process of learning activities that students can easily understand the material presented by teachers and students do not feel bored.The purpose of this research and development is to produce badminton learning products through interactive multimedia for grade 10 high school students who are expected to improve the ability and basic skills of badminton games for students and also can be used as an alternative to help optimize learning activities for teachers.The research methods used in this research and development include 7 steps from 10 steps proposed by Borg & Gall as follows: 1) needs analysis, (2) product development planning, (3) development of product design, (4) Small, (5) first product revisions based on small group trial results, (6) field trials (large groups), and (7) product revisions according to the results of large group trials.the end result of this research and development activity is a form of badminton learning which consists of historical material, essence, basic technique, sarpras, perwasitan, regulation, physical exercise and game strategy which is packed in interactive multimedia with exe format using AutoPlay Media Studio 7.5. Expert validation analysis of learning resulted 86,2% with very valid category, expert media validation analysis obtained result 75,% with category enough valid, badmis expert validation analysis obtained result 90,8 with very valid category, analysis of small group test to 12 Students obtained 89.8% results with very valid category, and analysis of large group trials of 30 students obtained 92.7% results with very valid category. Based on the results of the above analysis, it can be concluded that the learning of badminton through interactive multimedia for 10 th grade high school students equivalent is feasible to be used as an alternative of learning media in order to improve the ability and basic skills of students, especially badminton material in physical education lessons, sports and health. This interactive multimedia product should be developed again to be more varied and fun
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