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Rabbit's preference for cages and pens with or without mirrors
No full textFive week-old Pannon White rabbits were housed in a closed climatized rabbitry and randomly
assigned to pens (56 rabbits) having a basic area of 1 m2 with a stocking density of 16 and 12
rabbits/m2 or to 18 individual cages (0.24 m2; 1 rabbit/cage; stocking density of 4 rabbits/m2). The
pens and the cages were divided into 2 parts and animals could move freely among the 2 parts through
swing doors. The vertical sides of one part of the pens and cages were completely covered with
mirrors while the other part was covered with white plastic panels. A 24 hour video recording was
performed twice a week using infrared cameras and the number of rabbits in each pen and cage was
counted with a frequency of 15 minutes (96 times a day). The duration of the trial was 6 weeks. The
lighting period was 16L/8D. Rabbits were fed ad libitum a standard diet and water was available ad
libitum from nipple drinkers. Throughout the entire rearing period 67% of the individually caged
rabbits showed a preference for the part of the cage enriched with mirrors (P<0.001). This preference
slightly decreased with increasing age. The strong preference toward the part of the cage provided
with mirror walls was independent of the time of day. That is, during the active period (11:00 pm –
05:00 am), which corresponds to the dark part of the day, rabbits still preferred the mirror-side even
though they were not able to see their own reflected image at that time. Neither rearing rabbits in
groups under different stocking densities (12 vs. 16 rabbits/m2) nor the presence of conspecifics
reduced the interest toward mirrors. 65% of animals living at the stocking density of 16 rabbits/m2 and
61% of those living at the density of 12 rabbits/m2 were found on the side with mirrors (P<0.001)
during all the recordings. Group-penned rabbits showed a decisive preference toward mirrors during
the active period (71 to 74% for stocking densities of 12 and 16 rabbits/m2, respectively; P<0.001).
The results suggest that the mirrors’ presence offers some advantages, perhaps related to comfort and
welfare that could be used as environmental enrichments for fattening rabbits. However, the
installation costs should be taken into account before considering their use for long time individually
caged animals and for group-penned rabbits
Novendéknyulak vàlasztàsa tukros és tukor nélkuli ketrecek kozott.
No full textFive week-old Pannon White rabbits were housed in a closed climatized rabbitry and randomly assigned
to pens (56 rabbits) having a basic area of 1 m2 with a stocking density of 16 and 12 rabbits/m2 or to 18
individual cages (0.24 m2; 1 rabbit/cage; stocking density of 4 rabbits/m2). The pens and the cages were divided
into 2 parts and animals could move freely among the 2 parts through swing doors. The vertical sides of one part
of the pens and cages were completely covered with mirrors while the other part was covered with white plastic
panels. A 24 hour video recording was performed twice a week using infrared cameras and the number of rabbits
in each pen and cage was counted with a frequency of 15 minutes (96 times a day). The duration of the trial was
6 weeks. The lighting period was 16L/8D. Rabbits were fed ad libitum a standard diet and water was available
ad libitum from nipple drinkers. Throughout the entire rearing period 67% of the individually caged rabbits
showed a preference for the part of the cage enriched with mirrors (P<0.001). This preference slightly decreased
with increasing age. The strong preference toward the part of the cage provided with mirror walls was
independent of the time of day. That is, during the active period (11:00 pm – 05:00 am), which corresponds to
the dark part of the day, rabbits still preferred the mirror-side even though they were not able to see their own
reflected image at that time. Neither rearing rabbits in groups under different stocking densities (12 vs 16
rabbits/m2) nor the presence of conspecifics reduced the interest toward mirrors. 65% of animals living at the
stocking density of 16 rabbits/m2 and 61% of those living at the density of 12 rabbits/m2 were found on the side
with mirrors (P<0.001) during all the recordings. Group-penned rabbits showed a decisive preference toward
mirrors during the active period (71 to 74% for stocking densities of 12 and 16 rabbits/m2, respectively;
P<0.001). The results suggest that the mirrors’ presence offers some advantages, perhaps related to comfort and
welfare that could be used as environmental enrichments for fattening rabbits. However, the installation costs
should be taken into account before considering their use for long time individually caged animals and for grouppenned
rabbits
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT HOUSING ONPRODUCTIVE TRAITS AND ON SOMEBEHAVIOUR PATTERNS OF GROWINGRABBITS. PRELIMINARY RESULTS
No full textTwo-hundred-twenty-eight 5-week-old Pannon
White rabbits were housed in cages (2 rabbits/
cage, 0.12 m2) or in pens (13 rabbits/pen, 0.83
m2) with the same stocking density. Half of the
cages and pens had wire net floor while the other
half had plastic net. In every second cage and
pen wooden gnawing stick was fixed onto the
wall. Every second week a 24-hour video
recording was done. At 11 weeks of age ear
lesions were checked. Body weight of rabbits in cages was significantly higher between 7 and
11 weeks of age. Floor type had no influence on
weight gain and body weight. Rabbits in cages/
pens with gnawing stick were significantly
heavier at 11 weeks of age. Mortality was
independent of all treatments. Gnawing stick
consumption was significantly higher in pens.
Ear lesions were more frequent in rabbits housed
in pens or on plastic net, however, significant
difference was found only between rabbits with
or without wooden stick, with higher ear lesions
on rabbits reared without wooden stick
Behaviour of growing rabbits under various housing conditions
No full textThe aim of this research was to assess the effects of environmental variables (group size, stocking density, floor type, environmental enrichment) on behaviour - as a welfare indicator - of growing rabbits. Two experiments were carried out with Parmon White rabbits. In experiment 1, 5-week-old rabbits (n = 112) were placed in cage blocks (2 m(2)) with a stocking density of 16 or 12 rabbits/m(2). The cages (0.5 m(2)) differed in the floor type (wire or plastic net) and in the presence or absence of gnawing sticks (white locust). The animals could move freely among the four cages through swing doors. Infrared video recording was performed once a week, the number of rabbits in each cage was counted every half an hour (48 times/day) during the 24 h video recording. Between ages 5 and 11 weeks the rabbits showed a preference towards the plastic net floor (16 rabbits/m(2), 62.5%; 12 rabbits/m(2), 76:5%; P < 0.001). Gnawing stick application significantly affected cage preference: 54.1% (16 rabbits/m(2)) or 53.1% (12 rabbits/m(2)) of the rabbits choose the enriched cages (P < 0.001). In experiment 2, the 5-week-old rabbits were placed either in cages (2 rabbits/0.12 m(2), n = 72) or pens (13 rabbits/0.86 m(2), n = 104) with 16 rabbits/m(2). The floor types were wire or plastic net, with the presence or absence of gnawing sticks on the walls. Video recordings were made at 6.5 and 10.5 weeks of age between 11:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. and between 11:00 p.m. and 05:00 a.m. Compared to cages, the rabbits housed in pens spent less time with resting (58% versus 67%) and more time with locomotion (6.7% versus 3.8%) but the frequency of aggressive behaviour (measured by the number of ear lesions) was also higher (0.14% versus 0.01%). In pens the application of gnawing sticks significantly decreased the frequency of ear injuries (0.05% versus 0.22%). The floor type did not affect any behavioural pattern (eating, drinking, movement, resting, comfort, social, investigatory) significantly. The main results showed that growing rabbits have a preference for plastic net floor and cages provided with gnawing sticks. The resting, locomotive and aggressive behaviour was modified by the housing system and the presence of gnawing sticks decreased the frequency of physical injuries
Effect of different housing on productive traits and on some behaviour patterns of growing rabbits
No full textEFFECT OF FLOOR TYPE AND GNAWING STICKON THE CAGE-CHOICE OF THE GROWINGRABBITS
No full textFive-week-old Pannon White rabbits (n=112)
were weaned and housed into two blocks of
cages applying stocking density of 12 or 16
rabbits/m2. Both blocks were divided into four
cages of wire mesh (n=2) or plastic mesh floor
(n=2). In every second cage a gnawing stick was
fixed on the wall. The rabbits could freely move
among the four cages of the same block through
swing doors. A 24-hour infrared video recording
was taken once a week and the rabbits in each
cage were counted every half an hour.
Significantly more rabbits chose the cages of
plastic floor (16 rabbits/m2: 62.5%, 12 rabbits/
m2: 76.5%) than the cages of wire mesh floor.
With the increasing age between 5 and 11 weeks,
the ratio of rabbits on wire mesh floor increased.
This results show that the rabbits accept a less
preferable floor type instead of staying in higher
stocking density (kg/rabbits). The preference of
cages with gnawing sticks was also significant
(53.1-54.1%) but this effect was less pronounced
than that of the floor type
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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