1,721,436 research outputs found
Ten years of Vildagliptin
No full textAfter many years of limited therapeutic opportunities, the treatment of type 2 diabetes has become more target and pathophysiologically driven. A typical example is represented by the development of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, allowing for more physiological regulation of the endocrine pancreas and leading to a previously unmet risk-to-benefit balance. Vildagliptin, one of the earliest DPP-4 inhibitors, has been tested across the entire spectrum of type 2 diabetes and has been in clinical use for 20 years. This publication critically reviews the main steps in the clinical development of this agent
La terapia insulino-sensibilizzante nella PCOS
No full textLa sindrome dell'ovaio policistico è una patologia eterogenea caratterizzata da frequente insulinoresistenza. Numerosi dati indicano che questa insulinoresistenza gioca verosimilmente un ruolo rilevante nella patogenesi della PCOS. Si ipotizza inoltre che questa anomalia metabolica sia alla base di molte della alterazioni metaboliche caratteristiche di queste giovani pazienti e che questo possa portare ad un incremento di rischio cardiovascolare in epoche successive della loro vita. Su queste basi numerosi studi hanno valutato l'efficacia della terapia con farmaci insulinosensibilizzanti nelle donne con PCOS. Le attuali evidenze, ottenute in gran parte con la metformina, suggeriscono che i principali benefici di questa modalità di trattamento riguardino la sfera riproduttiva, con ripresa della capacità ovulatoria in circa la metà dei casi. Ulteriori studi dovranno definire gli effetti a lungo termine dei farmaci insulinosensibilizzanti nelle donne con PCOS e quali indicatori possano permettere di predire la risposta al trattamento in queste pazienti
Basal weekly insulins: the way of the future!
No full textBasal insulin treatment is indispensable for patients with type 1 diabetes and often required by many with type 2 diabetes. Incremental advances lengthening the duration of action of insulin analogs and reducing pharmacodynamic variability have resulted in truly once-daily, long-acting basal insulin analogs. In the quest for better basal insulins to facilitate improvements in glycemic control and long-term outcomes, the driving need is to remove barriers delaying timely initiation of basal insulin, to maximize treatment adherence and persistence and reduce treatment burden without increasing risk of hypoglycemia. We review the range of investigational once-weekly insulins and their molecular strategies and profiles. Currently, the two most advanced clinical development programs are: (1) basal insulin icodec, an insulin analog acylated with a C20 fatty diacid (icosanedioic acid) side chain (Novo Nordisk) and (2) basal insulin Fc, a fusion protein that combines a single-chain insulin variant with a human immunoglobulin G fragment crystallizable domain (Eli Lilly). Available phase 2 data for these two once-weekly agents show comparable glycemic control to existing once-daily insulin analogs, with no greater risk of hypoglycemia. While phase 3 data are awaited to confirm efficacy and safety, we provide future clinical perspectives on practical considerations for the potential use of once-weekly insulins
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Is the occurrence of a sigmoidal ventral border in Cyprideis torosa (Jones) valves linked to salinity? A morphometrical analysis approach
No full textThe living euryhaline species Cyprideis torosa (Jones) undergoes morphometric variations in size, noding and sieve-pore shape linked to environmental parameters. In particular it is known that salinity values around 8-9‰ represent the osmoregulation threshold and the turning point between smaller and greater valves and prevailingly noded as opposed to un-noded valves. Here, a character never studied before is analysed: the relationship between salinity and the C. torosa valve outlines, especially the morphology of the ventral border. Geometric-morphometric analysis was carried out on different populations of C. torosa collected in oligohaline (Massaciuccoli marsh, Tuscany, and Lake Trasimeno, Umbria) and hyperhaline waterbodies (Trapani-Paceco salt pans, Sicily). The results indicate that the species displays two morphotypes: a dominant one, characterized by a straight ventral border; and a morphotype with a sigmoidal profile ventral border. This latter morphotype seems to be related to higher salinity: the oligohaline waters are characterized only by C. torosa individuals with straight ventral outline, while the hyperhaline environments are marked by the occurrence of 17.6% of sigmoidal individuals. Furthermore, the sigmoidal ventral border is more emphasized in males than in females
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